三大自然区过渡地带近50年来气候类型变化及其对气候变化的响应

The transition area of three natural zones (Eastern Monsoon Region, Arid Region of Northwest China, Qinghai Tibet Plateau Region) is influenced by the Asian monsoon and middle latitude westerly circulation because of its special geographical position. And it is more sensitive to global climate change. The Koppen climate classification, which is widely used in the world, and the accumulated temperature-dryness classification, which is usually used in China, were used to study the climate zones and changes in the region of longitude 97.5°~108°E, latitude 33°~41.5°N, from 1961 to 2010. The changing areas of each climate zone were compared to the East Asian Summer Monsoon index, the South Asian Summer Monsoon index, the Summer Westerly index, the East Asian Winter Monsoon index, the Plateau Summer Monsoon index, the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the Southern Oscillation index, NINO3.4 index, to explore the response of the transition area of three natural zones to each climate system. According to the results, this region will become wetter when the Summer Westerly or the East Asian Winter Monsoon is relatively strong. When the East Asian Summer Monsoon or the South Asian Summer Monsoon becomes strong, the climate in low altitude region of the study area will easily become drier, and the climate in high altitude region of the study area is easily to become wetter. When the Plateau Summer Monsoon is relatively strong, the climate in the study area will easily become drier. When the North Atlantic Oscillation is relatively strong, the study area will easily become wetter. And when the El Niño is relatively strong, or the Southern Oscillation is relatively weak, the study area will easily become drier. In general, the moisture status of this region is mainly controlled by the middle latitude westerly circulation. The enhancement of the Asian summer monsoon could increase the precipitation in the southeast part of this regional, but, according to the degrees of dryness and the types of climate change in this paper, warming effects could offset precipitation increasing and make the area drier. The transition area of three natural zones is influenced by multiple interactions of climate systems from East Asia. A single climatic index, such as air temperature or precipitation, can not completely represent the regional features of climate change. As a result, areas of climate zones can be used as an important index in the regional climate change assessment.     

Kinematics of syn-tectonic unconformities and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Hala'alat Mountains at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin,Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Hala’alat Mountains are located at the transition between the West Junggar and the Junggar Basin.In this area,rocks are Carboniferous,with younger strata above them that have been identified through well data and high-resolution 3D seismic profiles.Among these strata,seven unconformities are observed and distributed at the bases of:the Permian Jiamuhe Formation,the Permian Fengcheng Formation,the Triassic Baikouquan Formation,the Jurassic Badaowan Formation,the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation,the Cretaceous Tugulu Group and the Paleogene.On the basis of balanced sections,these unconformities are determined to have been formed by erosion of uplifts or rotated fault blocks primarily during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.In conjunction with the currently understood tectonic background of the surrounding areas,the following conclusions are proposed:the unconformities at the bases of the Permian Jiamuhe and Fengcheng formations are most likely related to the subduction and closure of the Junggar Ocean during the late Carboniferous-early Permian;the unconformities at the bases of the Triassic Baikouquan and Jurassic Badaowan formations are closely related to the late Permian-Triassic Durbut sinistral slip fault;the unconformities at the bases of the middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation and Cretaceous Tugulu Group may be related to reactivation of the Durbut dextral slip fault in the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous,and the unconformity that gives rise to the widely observed absence of the upper Cretaceous in the northern Junggar Basin may be closely related to large scale uplift.All of these geological phenomena indicate that the West Junggar was not calm in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and that it experienced at least four periods of tectonic movement.     

地理模型的服务化封装方法研究

<正>经过半个世纪的发展,GIS已经形成了包括GIS技术、地理信息科学与地理信息服务的综合体系。同时,随着应用领域的扩大,GIS在时空分析、过程模拟、预测预报和决策支持等方面正面临着严峻的挑战。通过地理模型的共享与集成来拓展GIS的地理分析能力是GIS发展的增长点。国内外地理学家面向不同的研究目标已经建立了大量的地理模型。由于模型设计和实现上的差异,造成了     

基于时间序列统计特性的森林变化监测

森林动态变化分析对揭示生态系统环境变化及植被恢复和布局重建等具有重要意义,时间序列的遥感数据为森林监测提供了基础数据。本文根据森林植被的统计学特性,在暗目标法的基础上,利用归一化植被指数NDVI实现森林样本自动选择;并融合NDVI构建了新的综合森林特征指数(Integrated Forest Z-Score,IFZ);以时间序列的IFZ分析森林动态信息,实现森林变化动态监测。以三峡大坝及周边区域森林为研究区,利用2001年至2012年每年生长季节(5月—10月)的Landsat TM影像检验本文算法。基于2002年、2006年和2010年三期7月—9月的Quick Bird影像的精度分析结果发现:研究区森林变化检测的总体精度可达96.53%,Kappa系数为0.9512。在添加NDVI指数后构建的IFZ提高了总体监测精度。其中,毁林类别的检测精度提高显著,漏检率和误检率分别为2.74%和3.64%;干扰后重建的森林类别的检测精度有一定提高,其漏检率和误检率分别为10.79%和10.51%。研究结果表明,改进暗目标法能提高森林样本的选样效率,添加NDVI的IFZ能提高森林动态变化的识别度。此外,本算法不仅能定性识别森林变化,而且能定量提供森林干扰发生时间和干扰强度。     

论地球数据科学与共享

地球科学大数据的到来,迫切需要通过地球数据科学系统对地学数据机理、采集处理、存储管理,特别是集成共享与挖掘分析等进行研究,以便通过大数据资源,发现和揭示数据背后隐含的地学规律和知识,促进地学科技创新。本文首先分析了地球数据科学的内涵特征,提出了地球数据科学的基础理论方法和技术体系。然后基于国家地球系统科学数据共享实践,重点研究了大数据时代下,面向地球数据科学的地学数据共享新发展。     

贵州省国土资源执法监察监管系统建设与应用

针对贵州省山地居多、生态环境脆弱、交通通讯不发达,人力资金相对不足等现状,研究建设了在线、离线相结合,内业、外业相协同,"省、市、县、乡"四级一体化应用,涵盖"线索发现、问题分析、外业核查、立案查处"全流程的国土资源执法监察监管系统。系统突破了高效、高精度、多模式的国土资源执法监察监管的系列关键技术方法,建立了国土资源监察监管系统与"一张图"平台一体化集成应用的新模式,已经部署应用到贵州省国土资源执法局和9个市州国土局和若干区县国土局。实践表明系统可以节省大量的国土资源执法人力、物力和时间,有效提升贵州省国土资源执法监察监管的效率和水平。     

Automatic Selection of Landmarks for Navigation Guidance

Although current navigation services provide significant benefits to people's mobility, the turn‐by‐turn instructions they provide are sometimes ineffective. These instructions require people to maintain a high level of attention and cognitive workload while performing distance or angle measurements on their own mental map. To overcome this problem, landmarks have been identified as playing a major role in turn‐by‐turn instructions. This requires the availability of landmarks in navigation databases. Landmarks are commonly selected manually, which involves time‐consuming and tedious tasks. Automatic selection of landmarks has recently gained the attention of researchers but currently there are only a few techniques that can select appropriate landmarks. In this article, we present a technique based on a neural network model, where both static and dynamic features are used for selecting landmarks automatically. To train and test this model, two labeling approaches, manual labeling and rule‐based labeling, are also discussed. Experiments on the developed technique were conducted and the results show that rule‐based labeling has a precision of approximately 90%, which makes the technique suitable and reliable for automatic selection of landmarks.     

基于3S技术的土地利用信息动态变更调查新机制研究——以成都市为例

新形势下的土地变更调查任务不断增加,要求不断提高,手段不断强化,时间紧、任务重是当前土地变更调查面临的重大问题。针对以上问题,本文提出了一种动态变更的技术流程,通过深入研究土地规划实施、土地综合整治、地籍管理、耕地保护、执法监察等业务及相关关系,围绕"及时发现、快速调查、持续更新、如实上报、共享应用"5个方面的问题,以3S技术、网络技术、数据库技术等为支撑,提出以二调成果为基础,从土地管理业务内部及时发现变化,以发现驱动土地利用信息日常性持续动态变更的新思路。以成都市为例,开展基于3S技术的土地利用信息动态变更调查的方法在实际工作中的应用研究,实现了土地利用信息的"一图多用",并对变更结果进行了分析。     

基于OGC标准的基础地理数据集群服务设计

现代三维数字地球已成为GIS技术应用的常用前端展现平台,采用的海量高分辨率遥感影像、分层地名数据和DEM数据的数字地球能否提供高效服务成为制约数字地球框架实用性的关键因素。本文对目前流行的由World Wind项目组基于OGC标准实现的WMS服务及通过Geo Server项目实现的地名服务建立基础地理集群服务的方法进行了研究,同时还针对不同分辨率、不同存储模式的的影像数据服务效率给出了实际分析测试结果。