Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Environmental Pollutants on Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide, as an emerging material for contaminants removal,possesses relatively large specific surface area, and it shows good dispersion in water phase due to the hydrophilicessence resulted from abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the edge, thus leading to a potential excellent adsorbent. Current studies revealthat, because graphene oxide is negatively-charged in a wide range of pHs, the removal efficiency of heavy metals and cationic dyes by graphene oxide is significantly higher than by traditional adsorbents, like activated carbon. However, its applications are still limited due to its structural defects. For example, its π domain is destructed during fabrication process. Therefore, certain structural modifications need to be conducted on the purpose of improving its performance, achieving a better result in water purification. This paper presented the preparation and structure of graphene oxide, and reviewed the adsorption behaviors, adsorption mechanisms, adsorption models and influence factors of heavy metals and organic pollutants on graphene oxide and its composites, respectively. In view of unresolved issues, further research should focus on comprehensive adsorption mechanisms, more facile and effectivemethods for structural modifications and the treatment of graphene oxide after adsorption process.     

Progress of research on transportation geography in China

As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930–1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.     

Spatiotemporal evolution of urban air quality and socioeconomic driving forces in China

Air pollution is a serious problem brought by the rapid urbanization and economic development in China, imposing great challenges and threats to population health and the sustainability of the society. Based on the real-time air quality monitoring data obtained for each Chinese city from 2013 to 2014, the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution are analyzed using various exploratory spatial data analysis tools. With spatial econometric models, this paper further quantifies the influences of socioeconomic factors on air quality at both the national and regional scales. The results are as follows: (1) From 2013 to 2014, the percentage of days compliance of urban air quality increased but air pollution deteriorated and the worsening situation in regions with poor air quality became more obvious. (2) Changes of air quality show a clear temporal coupling with regional socioeconomic activities, basically “relatively poor at daytime and relatively good at night”. (3) Urban air pollution shows a spatial pattern of “heavy in the east and light in the west, and heavy in the north and light in the south”. (4) The overall extent and distribution of regional urban air pollution have clearly different characteristics. The formation and evolution of regional air pollution can be basically induced as “the pollution of key cities is aggravated—pollution of those cities spreads—regional overall pollution is aggravated—the key cities lead in pollution governance—regional pollution joint prevention and control is implemented—regional overall pollution is reduced”. (5) At the national level, energy consumption, industrialization and technological progress are the major factors in the worsening of urban air quality, economic development is a significant driver for the improvement of that quality. (6) Influenced by resources, environment and the development stage, the socioeconomic factors had strongly variable impacts on air quality, in both direction and intensity in different regions. Based on the conclusion, the regional differentiation and development idea of the relationship between economic development and environmental changes in China are discussed.     

基于TM影像的城市建筑用地信息提取方法研究

本文选用金华市Landsat TM影像为研究的数据源,在归一化裸露指数基础上,利用归一化植被指数提取出非植被信息,通过图像二值化、叠加分析以及掩膜处理去除了低密度植被覆盖区域的噪音信息,自动提取了金华城市建筑用地信息。研究结果表明,归一化裸露指数和归一化植被指数相结合的方法弥补了单一利用归一化裸露指数来提取城市建筑用地信息的不足,提高了提取精度,而且结果客观可信,是一种不经人为干预的、快速有效的提取城市建筑用地方法。     

黄土地区活动断层的显微构造和显微沉积学探测

以发育在黄土地层的陕西省西安市临潼—长安断裂为对象,采用显微构造和显微沉积学分析的方法,从微观的角度探讨黄土地层中的活动断层。观测了该断裂上的7个露头剖面和一条探槽剖面,采集样品42件。在室内对所采集的样品进行了显微构造、超微构造和能谱测定(扫描电镜)以及显微沉积学分析。研究结果表明,野外宏观观测难以辨认的断层迹象,在断层带样品的切片(大薄片)上肉眼即可清楚辨别。显微构造观测发现,断层在微观上可以表现为错动面、较宽的断层带、断层破碎带、变形条带、泥质条带和愈合的张裂隙等。扫描电镜观测和能谱测定显示,断层破碎带或泥质条带与其外围地层具有不同的超微结构,而且成分有所变化,表明断层活动过程中有流体的参与,并导致某些元素的带出和带入。粒度分析结果发现,断层样品相对于外围样品,粒度>0.03mm的颗粒减少,<0.03mm的颗粒和粘土质增加,表明黄土地层的断层活动仍有碎裂作用发生。分形分析结果表明,黄土地层的碎屑颗粒分形特征呈弧形分布,但断层样品更趋于线性分布。此外,在其中一个剖面的样品中,发现了震击物(seismite)的一些微观标志,如球状体构造、负荷构造和流体通道构造等。所有研究结果表明,显微构造和显微沉积学分析是黄土地层中活动断层研究的有效手段。     

Modeling Groundwater in Multimodal Porous Media with Localized Decompositions

In the present paper, a new stochastic framework is introduced to decompose random variables. This decomposition method is shown to better capture and reflect the medium heterogeneity for multimodal porous media than the classical Reynolds decomposition does. In particular, with this decomposition method, the variance of log conductivity is decomposed into two parts. The first one measures the mean differences of log conductivity across different units having high contrasting conductivity. The second part measures the variation of log conductivity arisen within individual units. Based on this localized decomposition, a new stochastic model is proposed for flow in a highly heterogeneous porous media. This stochastic model shall produce much sharper approximations under the assumption that only the second part of the variance of log conductivity is small. Therefore, the proposed model can partially overcome the assumption of small composite variance for log conductivity in current theory for both flow and transport.     

生态环境质量评价体系建设的探讨

针对党的十八大提出的生态文明建设新要求,通过对生态环境质量的科学内涵、国内外研究现状、生态环境质量评价体系建设的深入分析,提出了目前我国生态环境质量评价工作中在评价指标体系建立、评价指标选择和评价结果上存在的主要问题。在制定科学生态环境质量评价原则的基础上,建立了涵盖山、水、林、田、气等5个方面的生态环境质量评价指标体系和不同等级评价指标,这些指标具有简单明了、客观易得、计算方便等特点。以2014年吉林省为例进行了试评价,评价结果与实际情况比较一致,可将此评价结果列入生态文明建设考核指标体系,以促进生态环境的良性治理。