临汾"8.26"区域性大暴雨过程分析

利用micaps业务平台常规资料、数值预报产品、卫星云图，对临汾市2003年8月26日区域性暴雨和大暴雨的环流背景、影响系统、热带低压登陆副热带高压东退以及物理量条件进行了诊断分析，探讨了副热带高压进退及台风登陆位置在这次大暴雨过程中起到了非常重要的作用。分析结果在暴雨预报业务及暴雨研究中有一定的指示意义。     

Coal facies evolution of the main minable coal-bed in the Heidaigou Mine,Jungar Coalfield,Inner Mongolia,northern China

The No. 6 Coal-bed from the Heidaigou Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia is a super-large Ga deposit. The dominant carrier of Ga is boehmite in coal. The study of coal facies may provide genetic enrichment information of Ga and its carrier (boehmite) in the Ga deposit. On the basis of study on coal petrology and mineralogy, it was found that the No. 6 Coal-bed from the Heidaigou Mine of Jungar was enriched in inertinites and the microlitho-types were dominated by clarodurite. The maceral morphological features and association indicate that the coal-bed was formed in a dry sedimentary environment or in a periodic dry sedimentary environment caused by the alternating variations of groundwater level. The optimum conditions for the enrichment of Ga and its particular carrier (boehmite) were dominated by four transitional conditions: (1) the upper delta plain which was the transitional zone between alluvial and lower delta plains, (2) the transitional zone between the dry and wet forest swamps, being slightly apt to the dry one, (3) the transitional tree density between the thick and loose ones, and (4) the low moor that was the transitional zone between two high moors during peat accumulation.     

Isotopic evidence of TSR origin for natural gas bearing high H<Subscript>2</Subscript>S contents within the Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan Basin,southwestern China

The northeastern area of Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, is the area with the maximal reserve of natural gas containing higher hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) that has been found among the petroliferous basins of China, with the proven and controlled gas reserve of more than 200 billion cubic meters. These gas pools, with higher H₂S contents averaging 9%, some 17%, are mainly distributed on structural belts of Dukouhe, Tieshanpo, Luojiazhai, Puguang, etc., while the oolitic-shoal dolomite of the Triassic Feixianguan Fm. (T₁f) is the reservoir. Although many scholars regard the plentiful accumulation of H₂S within the deep carbonate reservoir as the result of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR), however, the process of TSR as well as its residual geological and geochemical evidence is still not quite clear. Based on the carbon isotopic analysis of carbonate strata and secondary calcite, etc., together with the analysis of sulfur isotopes within H₂S, sulphur, gypsum, iron pyrites, etc., as well as other aspects including the natural gas composition, carbon isotopes of hydrocarbons reservoir petrology, etc., it has been proved that the above natural gas is a product of TSR. The H₂S, sulphur and calcite result from the participation of TSR reactions by hydrocarbon gas. During the process for hydrocarbons being consumed due to TSR, the carbons within the hydrocarbon gas participate in the reactions and finally are transferred into the secondary calcite, and become the carbon source of secondary calcite, consequently causing the carbon isotopes of the secondary calcite to be lower (−18.2‰). As for both the intermediate product of TSR, i.e. sulfur, and its final products, i.e. H₂S and iron pyrites, their sulfur elements are all sourced from the sulfate within the Feixianguan Fm. During the fractional processes of sulfur isotopes, the bond energy leads to the ³²S being released firstly, and the earlier it is released, the lower δ ³⁴S values for the generated sulphide (H₂S) or sulfur will be. However, for the anhydrite that participates in reactions, the higher the reaction degree, the more ³²S is released, while the less ³²S remains and the more δ ³⁴S is increased. The testing results have proved the process of the dynamic fractionation of sulfur isotopes.     

Evaluate dry deposition velocity of the nitrogen oxides using Noah-MP physics ensemble simulations for the Dinghushan Forest,Southern China

There has been a rapid growth of reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition over the world in the past decades. The Pearl River Delta region is one of the areas with high loading of nitrogen deposition. But there are still large uncertainties in the study of dry deposition because of its complex processes of physical chemistry and vegetation physiology. At present, the forest canopy parameterization scheme used in WRF-Chem model is a single-layer “big leaf” model, and the simulation of radiation transmission and energy balance in forest canopy is not detailed and accurate. Noah-MP land surface model (Noah-MP) is based on the Noah land surface model (Noah LSM) and has multiple parametric options to simulate the energy, momentum, and material interactions of the vegetation-soil-atmosphere system. Therefore, to investigate the improvement of the simulation results of WRF-Chem on the nitrogen deposition in forest area after coupled with Noah-MP model and to reduce the influence of meteorological simulation biases on the dry deposition velocity simulation, a dry deposition single-point model coupled by Noah- MP and the WRF-Chem dry deposition module (WDDM) was used to simulate the deposition velocity (V_d). The model was driven by the micro-meteorological observation of the Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Location Station. And a series of numerical experiments were carried out to identify the key processes influencing the calculation of dry deposition velocity, and the effects of various surface physical and plant physiological processes on dry deposition were discussed. The model captured the observed V_d well, but still underestimated the V_d. The self-defect of Wesely scheme applied by WDDM, and the inaccuracy of built-in parameters in WDDM and input data for Noah-MP (e.g. LAI) were the key factors that cause the underestimation of V_d. Therefore, future work is needed to improve model mechanisms and parameterization.     

我国台风路径突变研究进展

台风路径突变包括其移动方向和移动速度的显著变化,是当今台风路径预报的难题。突变路径预报的巨大误差常导致台风防御失败,这与其机理认识不足等原因有关。本文回顾了我国关于台风突变路径的研究成果和最新进展。从台风与多尺度环流系统相互作用、台风内部动力机制以及下垫面状况等方面,总结了关于台风路径突变的主要环境影响因子、物理过程和动热力结构特征等方面的认识,对台风路径突变的发生概率、预报技术和存在问题进行阐述,并提出关于路径突变研究需要关注的一些问题。     

陆面过程模式的改进及其检验

文中对陆面过程模式 (BATS)进行了改进 ,改进后的模式能较好地模拟地表物理量的年、季和日变化 ,它有两方面的特点 :采用热扩散方程模拟 7层土壤温度 ,模拟的温度可与实测值进行比较 ;在BATS的地表径流方案中 ,考虑了空间不均匀性的一般地表径流 (GVIC)过程 ,研究结果表明 :⑴模式能很好地模拟各层土壤温度的年、季和日变化。冬季土壤温度下层高于上层 ,而在夏季上层高于下层 ,这种上下层温度的转换时间大约在 4和 10月份 ,这与实测土壤温度的年变化非常一致。较为准确地模拟了各层土壤温度日变化的时滞效应。⑵用南京和武汉站的资料 ,将BATS地表径流方案模拟的地表水分分量与GVIC方案进行比较 ,BATS地表径流方案模拟的地表水分分量 ,与总水量的平衡相差较大 ,而GVIC模拟的效果相对较好 ,地表总水量基本上与降水总量达到了平衡     

2000—2021年江西省植被生态质量时空分布及其与气候因子的关系

基于卫星遥感数据和气象数据,采用距平分析、趋势分析、相关性分析等方法,分析了2000—2021年江西省植被生态质量时空变化特征,及其与气温、降水、日照等气候因子的关系。结果表明：1） 自2000年以来江西省植被生态质量整体改善明显,植被净初级生产力和生态质量指数呈明显上升趋势,年平均分别增加3.92 gC/m2和0.4,尤其2011年以后植被净初级生产力和生态质量指数处于较高水平,其中2018年最佳。2） 江西省植被生态指标低值区域位于城区周边,以及由长江和江西五大河流域的泥沙沉积形成的、以鄱阳湖为中心的冲积平原,中值区域位于中南部丘陵,高值区域分布于省境边陲山脉。3） 江西省植被生态指标与年降水量、年平均气温呈显著相关关系,与日照时数相关性不显著。与气候因子的相关性呈现地域差异,南部区域受气温影响较为明显,而中部盆地和东北区域受降水量影响更为明显。     

河南大风灾害分布特征及成因分析

本文利用全省1961-2006年的大风天气资料和大风灾情资料,对大风灾情发生的地理分布特征,月、季、年的时间变化特征进行统计分析,并对其成因作了进一步研究,结果发现,自20世纪80年代开始,大风灾情日数年际变化大幅度增加,大风日数与大风灾情日数的地理分布基本一致,大风灾情日数季节变化明显.     

气候条件和流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行期

试以流行性脑脊髓膜炎（以下简称流脑）为例,对江苏省苏州市（不含各县）和新沂市的气象和流脑疫情数据,用有序聚类的方法进行分期,进而分析气候环境和流脑疫情变化的关系。       

2003年10月风暴潮的形成及数值模拟分析

2003年10月11日发生在河北省中南部地区的特大暴雨是京津冀近50年来同期所罕见的,同时渤海湾还出现了风暴潮过程.对该过程应用非静力MM5的二重网格双向嵌套进行了全物理过程的数值模拟,并应用天津市多普勒雷达资料和常规气象资料进行了分析研究.结果表明：（1）MM5模式能够较好地模拟出风场、气压场、降水量场,在预报业务实践中有很好地参考价值;（2）海面偏东风的长时间维持,使海水堆积、海平面抬高,加上天文大潮的叠加而引发风暴潮;（3）风暴潮期间速度方位风廓线近地面的E-NE风随时间有增厚现象,在增厚的同时使降水减小,风暴潮发生.