A Machine Learning-based Cloud Detection Algorithm for the Himawari-8 Spectral Image

Cloud Masking is one of the most essential products for satellite remote sensing and downstream applications. This study develops machine learning-based (ML-based) cloud detection algorithms using spectral observations for the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite. Collocated active observations from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) are used to provide reference labels for model development and validation. We introduce both daytime and nighttime algorithms that differ according to whether solar band observations are included, and the artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) techniques are adopted for comparison. To eliminate the influences of surface conditions on cloud detection, we introduce three models with different treatments of the surface. Instead of developing independent ML-based algorithms, we add surface variables in a binary way that enhances the ML-based algorithm accuracy by ~5%. Validated against CALIOP observations, we find that our daytime RF-based algorithm outperforms the AHI operational algorithm by improving the accuracy of cloudy pixel detection by ~5%, while at the same time, reducing misjudgment by ~3%. The nighttime model with only infrared observations is also slightly better than the AHI operational product but may tend to overestimate cloudy pixels. Overall, our ML-based algorithms can serve as a reliable method to provide cloud mask results for both daytime and nighttime AHI observations. We furthermore suggest treating the surface with a set of independent variables for future ML-based algorithm development.     

咸阳城区热储流体混合作用研究及模拟计算

应用水文地球化学模拟方法对咸阳城区热储流体混合作用分析和混合比例的计算.结合研究区的地热地质和水文地质条件,进行地下热水混合作用和混合程度的研究.结果表明,咸阳城区地下热水在不同程度上都存在与较低温度地下热水的混合作用。应用PHREEQC模拟软件、稳定同位素D和温度计算热水与冷水的混合比例,估算在平衡条件下咸阳城区地下热水与冷水的混合比例在0.09～0.63之间。     

甘肃舟曲县庙儿沟泥石流形成条件及运动特征研究

庙儿沟为白龙江中游右岸河段的一条沟谷,历史上曾发生多次泥石流。在查明泥石流形成条件的基础上,分析了庙儿沟泥石流的运动特征,包括泥石流的流速、流量、冲击力。这一结论为评价该泥石流对该地区居民的生命安全及财产的影响具有现实意义。建议右岸前期施工场地和右岸上游备料场沿江设置挡墙,且场地要注意少占行洪断面,防止泥石流沉积淤塞河道。     

东天山四顶黑山层状岩体地质特征及成矿潜力分析

东天山黄山岩带因发育众多镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体和岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床而备受地质学者关注。四顶黑山岩体位于该岩带最东端,具有层状岩体特征;岩石类型有单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉石角闪岩、辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、闪长岩,主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、透辉石、普通角闪石和斜长石,岩体分异较好,蚀变较发育。通过矿物显微结构特征观察以及计算得出:四顶黑山岩体中橄榄石最先结晶,其开始结晶温度大约在1419℃左右;古铜辉石和透辉石在橄榄石之后开始结晶,结晶温度分别在1100℃左右和900～1100℃之间,两矿物相在岩石中可以共存。岩体中橄榄岩相、苏长岩相发育,以及贵橄榄石+古铜辉石的矿物组合特征,表明岩体具有形成铜镍(铂)矿床的有利条件。     

贵州兴旺煤矿开采地表塌陷预测方法探讨

以贵州六枝特区兴旺煤矿地表塌陷为例,采用概率积分法作为地表移动及变形预测的模式,选取下沉系数、主要影响角、主要影响半径和水平移动系数为地表移动参数,计算得出井田开采后地表最大下沉值为1425．3mm,影响面积约1．85km^2。并比较说明除移动参数外各类煤柱的留设也是其中需要考虑的因素。     

新疆阿尔泰南缘加尔巴斯套铁矿床成矿时代及成矿作用研究

加尔巴斯套铁矿床位于阿尔泰南缘克兰火山沉积盆地中。该矿床与产于额尔齐斯构造带北侧的可斯尔鬼花岗岩有直接的成因关系,属于典型的矽卡岩型富铁矿。岩体SHRIMP U-Pb年龄表明,该矿床略晚于287 Ma形成;流体包裹体和稳定同位素研究显示,成矿阶段流体除岩浆水外,还有较多大气降水的参与,成矿流体主要表现为中低温、低盐度、中低密度特征;成矿物质主要来源于走滑-伸展背景下的可斯尔鬼花岗岩。结合前人研究成果,笔者认为在晚石炭世—早二叠世时期,阿尔泰南缘由走滑-伸展引发的大规模岩浆作用造就了区内有关铜、锌、镍、金、铁等广泛的成矿作用。     

北部湾东部海域表层沉积物稀土元素组成及物源指示意义

对北部湾东部海域70个表层沉积物样品的稀土元素(REE)分析结果表明,研究区沉积物 REE 呈现轻稀土元素(LREE)富集、重稀土元素(HREE)平坦以及中等程度的 Eu 异常等特征.REE 组成受沉积物粒度和生物碳酸盐含量的制约,具有典型风化上陆壳 REE 特征,其源岩以上陆壳的长英质岩石为主.根据研究区沉积物 REE 分布规律,研究区可划分为4个地球化学分区,各区域上陆壳标准化曲线明显的不同.物源判别显示研究区的西部、海南岛西南侧(Ⅰ区)呈多源沉积特征,来自以下几个物源区:(1)海南岛西南侧河流沉积物和沿岸侵蚀物;(2)由南向北输入的外海沉积物(冬季);(3)夏季或冬季由北部湾西北部和西部搬运来的沉积物.研究区中部粗粒沉积区(Ⅱ区)与北部湾西部沉积物来源是相同的,主要来源于红河输砂.东北部砂质区(Ⅲ区)沉积物可能来源于雷州半岛西北部近岸基岩侵蚀.研究区东北部(Ⅳ区)沉积物主要来自北部湾北部沿岸侵蚀、琼州海峡和雷州半岛西部的沿岸侵蚀.此外,部分沉积物还可能来自珠江流域以及南海北部陆架区和北部湾西北部     

盆地动力学研究综述及展望

沉积盆地是地球系统的浅层组成部分,是壳-幔、岩石圈-软流圈两级圈层相互作用的浅部表现形式。沉积盆地分析不仅可以揭示不同类型化石能源、沉积型层控矿产、砂岩型铀矿等资源的分布规律,为矿产勘探提供直接依据,而且可以为大地构造演化过程、重大构造事件、全球环境变迁及气候演变提供丰富资料和详细证据。当代盆地分析不断从单一沉积学分析拓展到综合分析,从静态要素分析拓展到过程和动力机制分析。盆地动力学研究内容包括3部分,即以沉积学分析为主的盆地充填动力学、以构造地质学分析为主的盆地形成演化动力学和多学科交叉的盆地流体动力学研究。近10多年来,盆地动力学研究在深水沉积学、高精度层序地层学、源-汇系统、源区剥蚀过程及其深部响应、大陆边缘盆地动力学及盆地流体动力学等方面取得了长足的进展。     

Molar‐Tooth Structure from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Lingyuan,Yanshan Region,North China,and Geological Implications

Although its origin has not yet reached a consensus so far, MTS (Molar-Tooth Structure) has been documented for more than 100 years. Current study reports a discovery of MTS from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, Lingyuan, Yanshan Region, North China, and the features and geological implications of MTS are further discussed. Here, straitigraphic horizons of MTS’s occurrences show that it was mainly located within the top part of the Wumishan Formation, i.e., limestone unit. Four kinds of morphology of MTS, i.e., fine fusiform, debris, ribbon, ptigmatic and nodular (irregular), were recognized and thought to be highly related to the sedimentary environments and facies. Geochemistry of MTS including oxides, trace elements and C, O and Sr isotopes indicates that the horizons of MTS-bearing is of higher Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg ratios, lower positive δ13C and highly negative δ18O values than the adjacent stratigraphic levels of rare MTS. Lithology, morphology and geochemistry of MTS in the Wumishan Formation suggest that MTS occurs mainly in shallow subtidal near the storm wave base, which is typically characterized by warm temperature, oversaturated calcium carbonate seawater and high organic productivity. Furthermore, occasional enrichment of algae bacteria here is more favorable for the calcification of calcium oozes and catalytic for MTS. C isotope composition of the Wumishan Formation and MTS of this study is well correlated with that of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup, North America and Riphean, Siberia, suggesting that MTS acts as a sedimentary record responding to global changes and is a perfect indicator in Precambrian stratigraphic correlation worldwide.     

大青沟铜铅锌多金属矿地质特征及找矿标志

大青沟铜铅锌多金属矿区位于吉南鸭绿江多金属成矿带上,矿化类型主要为矽卡岩型。通过对该区成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征的研究,提出找矿标志,为以后的找矿工作提供方向。