内蒙古大青山北石兰哈达石英闪长岩构造环境讨论

内蒙古大青山北石兰哈达地区的晚古生代黑云石英闪长岩,1∶20万区域地质调查时将其置于华力西中期第二次侵入体(δο42(2)),现经岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学研究,认为该石英闪长岩为早二叠世岩浆活动的产物。岩石具高铝、高钾、高钙的特点,A/CNK<1.1,σ在2.05～2.83之间,为高钾钙碱性岩,属I型花岗岩类,产于碰撞后的抬升构造环境。岩石稀土总量偏低,LREE富集,δEu=0.8～1.0,稀土曲线呈右倾平滑型,其物质来源很可能是源于软流圈的玄武质岩浆与元古宙地壳物质混合作用的结果。     

连续降雨作用下非饱和土边坡的稳定性分析

在边坡稳定性研究中,吸力的影响经常被忽略。基于非饱和土的渗流理论,利用数值分析方法研究了一个由于连续降雨导致的非饱和土边坡失稳的工程实例。研究结果表明:非饱和土的吸力对于维持边坡稳定具有重要影响,而吸力与降雨频率、降雨量、降雨时间、蒸发量等密切相关。对于工程实践而言,吸力的监测对于维持土坡稳定具有重要意义。     

连拱隧道施工对洞口仰坡影响的三维数值分析

以江西某高速公路一浅埋偏压连拱隧道为例,采用Marc有限元程序对其出口段进行了动态施工的三维数值模拟。从施工过程中的应力集中、塑性区的分布形态和发展规律、仰坡轴向地表位移的分布特征等方面,系统研究了偏压连拱隧道施工对强风化岩体洞口仰坡的影响作用机制。结果表明:在模拟施工过程中塑性区和应力集中区只出现在洞体附近,可能的仰坡失稳往往是隧道施工失稳的累进性响应;洞口仰坡的轴向水平位移前缘大、后缘小,垂直位移后缘大、前缘小;隧道上方和近山脊一侧仰坡位移比近山谷一侧大,仰坡失稳往往从隧道上方和埋深较大一侧开始。     

准噶尔盆地陆西地区侏罗系西山窑组顶界不整合结构特征及其与油气关系

根据测井、录井资料,对陆西地区所有井的侏罗系西山窑组顶界不整合面上、下的岩性组合做了统计,并从中总结出7种具有代表性的不整合结构,对组成不整合结构的底砾岩、水解带、淋滤带的岩性特征、测井响应、孔渗特征做了系统的分析.通过研究7种不整合结构与油气的运聚关系认为,第Ⅰ种和第Ⅴ种不整合结构最易聚集成藏,第Ⅱ和Ⅲ种不整合结构较易聚集成藏,第Ⅳ种不整合结构也可以聚集成藏,第Ⅵ种和第Ⅶ种不整合结构不易成藏.最后指出,石南油田和石西油田之间未勘探区块是油气聚集的最有利地带.     

Determination of Bromine and Iodine in Twenty-three Geochemical Reference Materials by ICP-MS

Trace amounts (from nanogram to microgram levels) of bromine and iodine were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in twenty-three geochemical reference materials issued by the GSJ, USGS, IAEA etc. The pyrohydrolysis technique was used to separate bromine and iodine from samples analysed in the form of powder. The accuracy and precision of the experimental values were assessed by the comparative analysis of well established reference materials such as USGS AGV-1, BCR-1 and IGGE GBW07312. The measured values agreed well with reported values within a 10% error range. We also report reliable new data for these elements in these geochemical reference materials.     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔榴辉岩中石榴石和绿辉石原位激光探针分析及其成岩成矿指示意义

本文以中国大陆科学钻探主孔0～2000m岩芯中的榴辉岩为对象,运用EMPA和LA-ICP-MS技术,系统测定了榴辉岩中石榴石和绿辉石的主量与微量元素组成,并据此讨论了它们的成岩成矿意义.研究结果表明,CCSD主孔榴辉岩中石榴石富重稀土和Sc、Y、Co,而绿辉石则富中稀土和Pb、Sr、V,石榴石和绿辉石的高场强元素(特别是Nb、Ta)含量均很低.石榴石存在不同程度的Ce负异常,指示榴辉岩的形成过程中卷入有地表氧化条件下形成的风化沉积物.石榴石具有低的Zr/Y比值,绿辉石普遍具有高的Sr含量,这些特征说明榴辉岩(特别是高钛榴辉岩)的原岩可能为遭受过壳源物质混染与交代的富集地幔部分熔融的产物.高钛与低钛榴辉岩中石榴石和绿辉石在主量及微量元素组成上存在一定差别,总体而言,高钛榴辉岩中石榴石具高的MgO含量和较高的MgO/TFeO比值,以及较高的稀土和Sc含量,而绿辉石则相对富TFeO、MnO,并具有较高的Sr、Zr、Hf含量.高钛榴辉岩中石榴石和绿辉石常出现不同程度的Eu正异常,Cr含量均显著低于低钛榴辉岩.综合分析表明,高钛榴辉岩的原岩最可能为富斜长石的辉长质侵入岩,原岩组成的差异应是导致二类榴辉岩中石榴石和绿辉石矿物化学组成存在差异的主要原因.     

川西北平武地区南一里花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

川西北平武地区的碧口地块中出露较多的印支期岩浆侵入岩类,但缺乏精确的年代学资料.笔者运用阴极发光技术,对碧口地块西南缘的南一里化岗闪长岩中的锆石进行了细致的内部结构分析,并在此基础上利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb原位定年技术进行了同位素年龄测定.结果表明,花岗闪长岩中锆石Th/U比值较高,阴极发光图像显示锆石内部发育振荡环带,具岩浆成因特点;南一里花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄为223.1±2.6 Ma(MSWD=1.4),表明其形成时代为晚三叠世早期、南一里花岗闪长岩侵入时代晚于勉略构造带的主碰撞期,侵位于后碰撞环境,或者至少是由同碰撞到后碰撞的转折阶段.     

起伏地表条件下地震波场数值模拟有限积分变换有限差分方法

针对起伏地表条件下的地震波数值模拟问题,提出将起伏的地表映射到一个规则的长方形网格坐标系中,并在此基础上推导出变换域中的波动方程。根据导出来的波动方程应用有限余弦变换有限差分方法进行地震波场的数值模拟,以解决起伏地表条件下的数值模拟。     

探地雷达信号特征分析和分辨率提高方法研究

探地雷达信号的奇异点或突变点作为雷达信号的重要特征通常反映介质重要信息,如电性变化界面或异常体等。分析了探地雷达信号在Hilbert变换下,利用小波变换确定探地雷达信号奇异点位置的方法。解决了传统傅立叶变换只能从整体检测探地雷达信号奇异性的局限性。并且由于小波变换良好的时频局部化特性,进一步讨论了其在提高探地雷达信号分辨率的研究中的应用。     

Cold Air Activities in July 2004 and Its Impact on Intense Rainfalls over Southwest China

The severe rainfall events in the mid-summer of July 2004 and the roles of cold air in the forma- tion of heavy precipitation are investigated by using daily observational precipitation data of China and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis.The results show that the severe rainfalls in Southwest China are closely related to the cold air activities from the mid-high latitudes,and the events take place under the cooperative effects of mid-high latitude circulation and low latitude synoptic regimes.It is the merging of a cold vortex over mid-latitudes with the northward landing typhoon and eastward Southwest China Vortex,as well as the abrupt transformation from a transversal trough into an upright one that causes three large alterations of mid-high atmospheric circulation respectively in the early and middle ten days of this month.Then,the amplitude of long waves soon magnifies,leading to the unusual intrusion of cold air to low-latitude areas in the mid-summer.Meanwhile,the warm and humid southwest summer monsoon is quite active.The strong interactions of cold air and summer monsoon over Southwest China result in the large-scale convective rain- falls on the southern side of cold air. With regard to the activities of cold air,it can influence rainfalls in three prominent ways.Firstly,the incursion of upper-level cold air is often accompanied by partial southerly upper-level jet.The ascending branch of the corresponding secondary circulation,which is on the left front side of the jet center,provides the favorite dynamic upward motion for the rainfalls.Secondly,the southward movement of cold air contributes to the establishment of atmospheric baroclinic structure,which would lead to baroclinic disturbances.The atmospheric disturbances associated with the intrusion of cold air can destroy the potential instability strat- ification,release the convective available potential energy(CAPE)and finally cause convective activities.In addition,the advection processes of dry and cold air at the upper level along with the advection of humid and warm air at the lower level are rather significant for the reestablishment of potential instability in the precipitation area,which is one of the crucial factors contributing to persistent rainfalls.