渤海海冰微波散射特性研究

Microwave remote sensing has become the primary means for sea-ice research, and has been supported by a great deal of field experiments and theoretical studies regarding sea-ice microwave scattering. However, these studies have been barely carried in the Bohai Sea. The sea-ice microwave scattering mechanism was first developed for the thin sea ice with slight roughness in the Bohai Sea in the winter of 2012, and included the backscattering coefficients which were measured on the different conditions of three bands(L, C and X), two polarizations(HH and VV), and incident angles of 20° to 60°, using a ground-based scatterometer and the synchronous physical parameters of the sea-ice temperature, density, thickness, salinity, and so on. The theoretical model of the sea-ice electromagnetic scattering is obtained based on these physical parameters. The research regarding the sea-ice microwave scattering mechanism is carried out through two means, which includes the comparison between the field microwave scattering data and the simulation results of the theoretical model, as well as the feature analysis of the four components of the sea-ice electromagnetic scattering. It is revealed that the sea-ice microwave scattering data and the theoretical simulation results vary in the same trend with the incident angles. Also, there is a visible variant in the sensitivity of every component to the different bands.For example, the C and X bands are sensitive to the top surface, the X band is sensitive to the scatterers, and the L and C bands are sensitive to the bottom surface, and so on. It is suggested that the features of the sea-ice surfaces and scatterers can be retrieved by the further research in the future. This experiment can provide an experimental and theoretical foundation for research regarding the sea-ice microwave scattering characteristics in the Bohai Sea.     

北京环线建设驱动的土地利用变化遥感检测与分析

近年来,北京市的环线建设大大改进了北京的交通状况,促进了环线周边的商业发展和房地产开发的繁荣,同时也带来了环线周边地区的土地利用的变更。在“科技奥运”科技攻关项目和在研自然科学基金项目的支撑下,选择了1988,1994,2001和2003年5—6月份的TM数据,在影像经过几何校正和辐射归一化校正后对其应用高精度的自组织神经网络分类和利用高分辨率的航空照片验证;在分类数据和变更信息的基础上,采用了空间自相关分析模型、频率指数模型和潜力模型分别对北京各种用地类型的频率指数和建设用地的Moran系数和Geary系数,以及城市增长的潜力指她进行计算。一系列计算显示了环线驱动的北京市土地利用变化情况。结果表明:在环线建设的驱动下,北京市的建设用地围绕环线呈快速增长趋势;绿地面积在四环、五环的环线一带也呈增加趋势;城市增长潜力从四环到六环呈逐渐增大趋势。     

有限差分的时间和空间频散及其对逆时偏移和全波形反演的影响

有限差分是最常用的地震波方程数值模拟方法,但时间和空间离散会产生数值频散.正演是逆时偏移和全波形反演的基本单元,成像和反演的精度很大程度依赖于所采用的数值模拟算法.本文研究了有限差分的时间和空间频散特性及其对逆时偏移和全波形反演的影响.通过时间有限差分+伪谱法、时间频散校正+空间有限差分、时间频散校正+伪谱法获取时间频散、空间频散和无频散数据;发展了抗时间频散、抗空间频散、抗时间+空间频散的逆时偏移和全波形反演方法;采用理论模型和实际资料对提出的方法进行了测试.数值结果表明:逆时偏移同时受时间和空间频散影响,时间频散导致同相轴不聚焦、成像位置偏离,空间频散会产生高频噪声和虚假反射界面;全波形反演在低频大尺度反演中几乎不受时间和空间频散影响,高频精细反演中时间频散引起波形相移、降低反演精度,空间频散增加多解性、导致反演不收敛;抗频散方法可以有效缓解时间和空间频散影响,获得高质量的偏移剖面和反演结果.     

基于微服务架构的地震站网全流程一体化监控平台设计与实现

地震站网全流程一体化监控平台是基于微服务框架,应用数据库、通信、并行计算等传统信息技术,结合新兴的云计算、大数据进行建设的信息服务平台。该平台采用Hadoop分布式处理方案,应用Spring Cloud框架搭建,进行Docker容器封装,以标准RESTful API作为服务接口的微服务架构,实现了各应用服务模块之间的高内聚、低耦合及灵活、可扩展的特性,最终实现对地震台站运行的实时监测、高效运维和一体化管理。     

地震预警系统在提高中国台湾地区地震速报时效性中的作用

利用地震预警系统对中国台湾地区地震进行速报,与传统地震告警软件对比后发现,预警系统能够在较短时间内得出地震三要素并告警,可为地震速报人员争取较长速报用时。总结了地震速报过程中需要注意的若干细节问题。     

南昆仑造山带西段构造样式及构造序列

南昆仑造山带西段发育逆冲推覆构造、平行走滑构造、地垒一地堑构造和阿尔卑斯式褶皱、侏罗山式褶皱,前两类构造尚有韧性剪切带伴生;其构造组合在平面上具有内带一外带一前陆带明显的分带性,且形成了逆冲推覆构造一平行走滑构造一地垒一地堑构造的构造序列。     

新型土钉墙支护技术在基坑工程中的应用研究

文章结合北京市某基坑支护工程实际,介绍了一种新型的地面锚拉式土钉墙支护结构的加固机理、设计计算及应用情况等.工程实践表明该项支护技术比较适合于较厚杂填土地层的深基坑工程,其技术经济效果显著.     

Classification of 24 New Ordinary Chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica

Petrography and mineral chemistry of 24 ordinary chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica, have been studied in order to identify their chemical-petrographic types. These samples were selected from a total of 4448 Grove Mountains (GRV) meteorites collected during the 19th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition so as to make an estimation of the large GRV meteorite collection. The chemical-petrographic types of these meteorites are presented below: 1 H3,2 H4, 4 H5, 2 H6, 1 L4, 7 L5, 5 L6, 1 LL4 and 1 LL6. The new data weaken the previous report that unequilibrated ordinary chondrites are unusually abundant in the Grove Mountains region. However, this work confirms significant differences in distribution patterns of chemical-petrographic types between the Grove Mountains and other     

GIS专业人才的素质特征、知识结构与培养方案研究

GIS学科的工具性、工程性及横断性等特征促使GIS的应用格局以及社会对GIS专业人才的需求朝着多层次、多元化的方向发展。该文在调查分析国内外GIS专业人才培养现状的基础上,指出GIS专业人才应具备以下素质特征:1)融厚实的数理、空间知识基础与精湛的GIS专业知识于一体;2)融扎实的GIS基本技能与迫切的GIS求知、创新欲望于一体;3)融GIS研究、技术开发本领与GIS项目管理能力于一体。同时,GIS专业人才应掌握与之相对应的、立体的知识结构,即以数理基础和空间基础为宽度,以应用背景与应用领域为广度,以专业知识及专业技能为深度的知识结构。笔者还对GIS专业人才培养模型与GIS高、中级人才的培养方案进行探讨。     

Distribution Characteristics of Effective Source Rocks and Their Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: A Case Study from the Dongying Sag, Eastern China

The exploration conducted in the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China has demonstrated that the abundant petroleum resources have close affinities to the hydrocarbon kitchen with rich organic matter. A number of oil-generating associations with various characteristics of organic geochemistry and assemblages of multiple reservoir facies are developed due to the multi-center sedimentation, multi-source supply and multi-cycle evolution of filling, which have resulted in the formation of multiple oil and gas accumulation zones of various layers and trap styles. Among them the Paleogene Shahejie Formation is the most important hydrocarbon accumulation combination in the Dongying sag. Heretofore, its proved reserve has reached nearly 1.8×109t, which accounts for more than 90% of the total proved reserves of the Dongying sag. Based on previous studies, more than 600 source rock samples and 186 crude oil samples of the Shahejie Formation, collected from 30 oilfields, have been treated with organic geochemical testing