Whole-basin,mass-balance approach for identifying critical phosphorus-loading thresholds in shallow lakes

Lake Lochloosa, Florida (USA) recently underwent a shift from macrophyte to phytoplankton dominance, offering us the opportunity to use a whole-basin, mass-balance approach to investigate the influence of phosphorus loading on ecosystem change in a shallow, sub-tropical lake. We analyzed total phosphorus (TP) sedimentation in the basin to improve our understanding of the forcing factor responsible for the recent shift to phytoplankton dominance. We measured ²¹⁰Pb activity, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC) and TP in short sediment cores from 20 locations to develop a comprehensive, whole-basin estimate of recent mass sedimentation rates (MSR) for bulk sediment, OM, OC and TP. The whole-basin sedimentation models provided insights into historic lake processes that were not evident from the limited, historic water quality data. We used Akaike’s Information Criteria to differentiate statistically between constant MSR and exponentially increasing MSR. An eightfold, exponential increase in TP accumulation over the past century provided evidence for the critical role of increased P loading as a forcing factor in the recent shift to phytoplankton dominance. Model results show increased TP retention and decreased TP residence time were in-lake responses to increased TP loading and the shift from macrophyte to phytoplankton dominance in Lake Lochloosa. Comparison of TP loading with TP retention and historic, diatom-inferred limnetic TP concentrations identified the TP loading threshold that was exceeded to trigger the shift to phytoplankton dominance.     

广西南流江三角洲地区绿色自生矿物颗粒的透射电镜初步研究

本文应用分析透射电镜对广西南流江三角洲地区的绿色颗粒进行了研究。依据其矿物组成,它们为海绿石相蒙皂石和磁绿泥石-鲕绿泥石两种绿色颗粒。它们由很细小的自形层状晶体构成,以富铁(总氧化铁25—40％)为特征。透射电镜观察揭示,它们是细小晶体在基质孔隙中自生生长形成,并逐渐替代基质。富铁自生矿物的矿物种与基质孔隙的局部地球化学条件密切相关。海绿石相蒙皂石形成于前三角洲,磁绿泥石-鲕绿泥石形成于三角洲前缘斜坡和残留砂中,而针铁矿形成于潮间带。本区海绿石相蒙皂石和磁绿泥石-鲕绿泥石的形成水深远小于以往研究所提出的水深。