关于地震地下水观测井建设的若干问题

根据有关的国家与地震行业技术标准,结合建井的实践经验,本文论述了地震地下水观测井的定位、观测井结构设计与钻井施工的技术要求。     

Torsional phenomena in 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake

It is well known that there are some torsional damages in earthquakes. In Taibai park, Jiangyou city, Sichuan province, most of the stone statues, which were placed upon the banisters of one zigzag bridge, exhibited different torsional phenomena in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This paper introduces the torsional phenomena of all the statues on the zigzag bridge firstly. Then one eccentricity model is established and the equivalent rotational accelerations are calculated in order to analyze the causes of the to...     

Seismicity anomalies before the great earthquake of <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>S</Subscript>=8.1 in the Kunlun Pass and its significance to earthquake prediction

A great earthquake of M _S=8.1 took place in the west of Kunlun Pass on November 14, 2001. The epicenter is located at 36.2°N and 90.9°E. The analysis shows that some main precursory seismic patterns appear before the great earthquake, e.g., seismic gap, seismic band, increased activity, seismicity quiet and swarm activity. The evolution of the seismic patterns before the earthquake of M _S=8.1 exhibits a course very similar to that found for earthquake cases with M _S≥7. The difference is that anomalous seismicity before the earthquake of M _S=8.1 involves in the larger area coverage and higher seismic magnitude. This provides an evidence for recognizing precursor and forecasting of very large earthquake. Finally, we review the rough prediction of the great earthquake and discuss some problems related to the prediction of great earthquakes.     

关于前兆台阵的概念及地下流体前兆台阵建设的方案讨论

中国地震局在“十五”期间把建设地震前兆台阵列入计划之中,为了使该前兆台阵建设具有创造性,科学性与实用性,笔者提出了前兆台阵的概念与科学目标,建设台阵的科学思路与地下流体台站建设的建议,以便与同行专家进行讨论。     

A statistical analysis of gamma-ray bursts based on the beaming model

We assume that gamma-ray bursts come from relativistic beaming in random directions, with the bursts being standard candles in their own rest frames and following a power-law distribution, and that the rate of occurrence is a constant in the comoving frame of the Ω = 1, Λ = 0 Friedmann universe. This model is very sensitive to the beaming velocity. For a Lorentz factor Γ < 10 and a power-law index n < 1.0 our calculated statistics agree with the BATSE data of weak bursts and the PVO data of strong bursts.     

三峡井网地下流体动态在水库蓄水前后的变化

在系统分析长江三峡诱发地震地下水动态监测井网2001～2002年8个井台16个测项的地下流体正常动态及其影响因素的基础上，调查研究了井网外围50km范围内两个中等地震震例，对比分析了2003年三峡水库蓄水前后各测项动态的变化。发现水库蓄水对三峡井网地下流体动态的影响是局部的．推测三峡库首区近期诱发中等以上水库地震的可能性不大；同时分析了受水库蓄水影响测项的异常特征及其机理，认为深入研究此类问题对推进地震监测与预报科学的发展有重要意义。     

广东三水盆地古近系心组生油层的元素地球化学特征

沉积物的元素地球化学特征是对沉积盆地水体环境以及古气候条件变化的响应。本文根据元素（Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、K、Na、P、V、Ni、Co、Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba、Cd、Li、Mn、Pb、Ti）的含量及其比值（Al/Ti、Fe/Mn、Sr/Ba、Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca、Na/Ca、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ni/V）的变化，对三水盆地古近系心组红岗段生油层的沉积条件进行了系统分析。心组红岗段下部（亚段A）表现为较稳定的地球化学特征。各元素丰度及其比值指示这一时期陆源输入持续较高、且物源组成变化不大。由于海水入侵的影响，湖盆水体盐度相对较高，底部水体以弱氧化条件为主，O₂-H₂S界面位于水/沉积物界面附近。红岗段中上部（亚段B、C）的元素地球化学特征变化较为频繁且幅度很大，反映古气候和湖盆沉积条件的迅速变迁。在潮湿气候条件下，沉积物的地球化学特征表现为以Al、Ti为代表的外源元素含量及其比值较高，而Mg、Ca等盆内化学沉积元素含量较低。古氧气指标指示底部水体为还原环境，有利于有机质保存。因而，相应于较高的有机碳含量。在间歇性干旱时期，陆源输入减少，外源元素含量及其比值显著降低。随着蒸发作用的加强，水体盐度加大，内源元素丰度以及Mg/Ca、Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca和Na/Ca比值大幅度上升。底部水体为氧化环境，O₂-H₂S界面多位于水/沉积物界面或沉积物中。上述两种气候条件在红岗段中上部沉积时期交替出现。红岗段沉积后期由于淡水的长期输入，湖水出现逐渐淡化趋势。     

新疆东部地区夏季暴雨的分析

利用1961-2000年共40年新疆东部地区6站夏季降雨量资料、NCEP1°×1°的6小时再分析资料和常规探测等资料，对我国新疆东部地区夏季暴雨的天气气候特征、环流形势、影响天气系统及其暴雨形成的机制进行分析研究，并给出典型个例清晰的物理概念模型，提供了有参考意义的前兆依据。     

北极海洋沉积物中可培养细菌及其多样性分析

利用Zobell 2216E培养基和涂布平板法对北极海洋沉积物中可培养细菌进行分离纯化,并利用16SrRNA基因进行分子鉴定与系统发育分析。根据菌落形态学特征,从59个站点的沉积物样品中共分离纯化获得570株细菌;基于16SrRNA基因的分子鉴定与系统发育分析表明,分离到的可培养细菌分别属于细菌域的4个门,5个纲,12个目,23个科,47个属,102个种,其中γ-Proteobactria占绝大多数;有14株菌株与模式菌株的16SrRNA基因序列相似性小于97%,为6个潜在的新种。北极海域的海洋沉积物中存在着丰富的微生物种质资源,为开发新型生物活性物质和特殊功能基因打下了基础。