人工防雹作业浅析

1引言人工防雹[1],是对将要降雹的冰雹云施加人工影响,以减少和避免冰雹灾害。目前,人工防雹作业在理论和实践上都取得了很大的进展,积累了宝贵的经验,成为群众所愿意接受的减灾手段,受到各地有关部门的大力支持。防雹作业后,冰雹的密度、质量、个体减小,减轻了雹灾程度。冰雹云内存在着雷电和强大的升降气流,给观测和试验研究带来了困难,人工防雹至今仍处于试验研究阶段[4]。随着科学技术的发展,人们对雹云认识的深入,人工防雹工作必将为人类作出更大的贡献。2冰雹的预报冰雹预报有下面几种主要方法。有天气图方法、点聚图、T-LnP图及高…     

地壳流体与地震活动关系及其在强震预测中的意义

以地球科学发展的新近研究成果为基础,讨论了地壳中流体与强震活动的关系,包括上地壳热流体对强震活动的影响、中地壳流体对强震活动的控制、断裂带中古流体活动与地震活动旋回的关系,从而提出由地壳流体分布与活动特征来判定强震危险性的新途径     

Preliminary Discussion on the Implication of Determination of Source Depth of Earthquakes

In an earthquake catalog,the source depth of earthquakes is one of the most basic parameters; however it is also one of the most difficult to measure.The source depths in the PDE bulletin,the centroid depths from CMT inversion of USGS and Harvard University,and those obtained by depth phases of broadband waveform data are not equal to each other,and they are also have different meanings.Also,the depth obtained from broadband waveform modeling is another kind of depth of different a rupture "core." This paper preliminarily discusses the physical implication of the source depth of earthquakes with different measuring methods.     

张家口Ms4.2地震前的地下流体异常

１９９７年５月２５日张家口ＭＳ４．２地震是１９９７年上半年首都圈地区发生的显地震,虽然该地震震级不高,但地下流体的短临异常十分显。作主要介绍了该地震前地下水流体短临异常的特征高此得到的科学启示 。     

ODONATE COMMUNITIES （ODONATA： INSECTA） IN A TROPICAL RIVER BASIN, MALAYSIA

Odonata larvae were sampled from 16 tributaries of Kerian River in the Kerian River Basin (KRB) using a kick samphng technique from September 1998 to May 1999 encompassing both rainy and dry seasons. The distribution of odonate genera was significantly different ( F15.16 = 3.99) among rivers in both seasons ( F15.16 = 4.70) at P = 0.05. However, no seasonal influence was detected. Protoneuridae and Libellulidae were the most dominant families in this basin. Other families Gomphidae, Coenagrionidae, Macromiidae, Chlorocyphidae and Calopterygidae, were common but Aeshnidae and Eupheidae were rare. Several common species, Prodasineura autumnalis, Brachythemis contaminata, Macromia gerstaeckeri, Paragomphus, Orthetrum brunneum, Rhinocypha quadrimaculata and Copera marginipes were identified. The calculated values of biological indices ( H‘, D, E, R1 and R2) showed that the dragonfly fauna in this river basin was slightly poor. Varied physieo- chemical parameters of the river possibly as a result of human activities in surrounding areas were found to influence the distribution of the dragonfly larvae in the KRB. This study showed that the KRB provided favorable habitats for Protoneuridae and 1Libellulidae. Two most dominant species Prodasineura autumnalis and Brachythemis contaminata were obviously favoured slightly acidic water of the Kerian river tributaries.     

Plasticity‐fibre model for steel triangular plate energy dissipating devices

Properly fabricated triangular‐plate added damping and stiffness (TADAS) devices can sustain a large number of yield reversals without strength degradation, thereby dissipating a significant amount of earthquake‐induced energy. A pronounced isotropic‐hardening effect is recognized in the force‐deformation relationships of the TADAS devices made from two grades of low yield strength steel. The proposed plasticity‐fibre model employing two surfaces (a yield surface and a bounding surface) in plasticity theory accurately predicts the experimental responses of the TADAS devices. This model is also implemented into a computer program DRAIN2D+ to investigate a frame response with the TADAS devices. Substructure pseudo‐dynamic tests and analytical studies of a two‐storey steel frame constructed with the low yield strength steel, LYP‐100 or LYP‐235 grade, TADAS devices confirm that the dynamic structural response can only be predicted if the proposed plasticity‐fibre model is used for LYP‐100 steel TADAS device. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于发展我国地下流体前兆流动观测问题的建议

介绍了地下流体前兆流动观测及其目的与意义、国内外地下流体前兆流动观测的历史与现状、我国目前存在的主要问题；针对现状与问题，提出了建议我国地下流体前兆流动观测系统的建议，其中包括指导思想、发展目标、观测网的类型与布设、观测点的建议、观测项目与观测仪器的选择、观测工作的组织与实施、观测数据的产出与共享等科学与技术问题。     

大同－阳高地震前静乐井水位记震能力的异常及其意义

本文系统分析了大同６．１级地震前静乐井水位记震能力增强的异常现象，并依此为基础结合国内有关资料，初步提出了利用井水位记震能力的异常变化进行中期强震危险性判断的方法，讨论了建立这种方法的科学依据。     

分县逐日滚动MOS预报模式研制及其应用

本文介绍了江苏分县逐日滚动1－5天时效的MOS预报的研制，包括降水的概率MOS法和量级MOS法，预报量设置、季节分型和样本选择，因子的构造及其加工，概率统计模型的选择及其因子预选、筛选。最后介绍了MOS工具在省台MICAPS平台上的业务应用及其效果。     

地下水动态映震机制的试验与观测研究

本文根据一系列室内外试验与观测研究结果,论述了震前地下水位动态异常信息形成的四个基本环节:①地壳应力活动与含水层应力状态的变化,②含水层变形破坏与孔隙压力的变化;③孔压变化信息在井—含水层系统中的传递;④孔压变化信息在井孔地下水动态中的表现。在此基础上,提出了地下水动态映震特性的若干观点。