湖南毛易矿区及外围构造分带分段特征

毛易矿区位于湖南长邵断坳北段,属于涟源坳陷中部隔挡式褶皱带,区内逆冲推覆构造较为发育。通过野外观测及资料整理,分析了研究区构造几何形态,得出矿区及其外围构造具有明显分带分段特征的结论:以向斜为主体,向斜两翼发育逆冲推覆构造,自北向南可分为北段、中段、南段;根据褶皱展布特征,自西向东可分为西带,中带和东带。研究认为,西带构造变形强于东带,研究区构造演化为共轭逆冲断层模式,受后期构造影响,煤系不均匀分布于西带和东带,其中北段东带与南段东带逆冲构造下伏地层是有利的找煤区域。     

Microbiological degradation of phenol using two co-aggregating bacterial strains

Phenol biodegradation in an aerobic batch reactor was investigated using mixed two co-aggregating strains (Flavobacterium sp. and Acetobacter sp.). Response surface methodology by the Box–Behnken model was used to evaluate the optimal cell growth and phenol degradation conditions. The optimum temperature, pH value and inoculum size were found to be 33 °C, 6.06 and 13 %, respectively. In the conditions, phenol degradation rate and biomass were predicted to be 96.97 % and 410.78 mg/L within the range examined, respectively. Less toxic acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetic ether were identified as main intermediate products from the degraded samples using GC–MS. Substrate inhibition was calculated from experimental biomass growth and phenol degradation parameters using the Haldane equation. Kinetic parameters derived from nonlinear regression with correlation factors (R ²) were 0.9682 for phenol degradation and 0.9594 for biomass growth, respectively. The phenol concentration to avoid substrate inhibition was 278.17 mg/L.     

Variable temperature and moisture conditions in Yungang Grottoes,China, and their impacts on ancient sculptures

Deterioration of grottoes induced by the negative impacts of the variable temperature and moisture conditions has been an important issue in the conservation of heritage sites in China. In this case study, the spatial distributions and varying patterns of moisture and temperature in the caves of Yungang Grottoes, China, were investigated. The relative air humidity was approximately 100 % in the deep zone of the unsaturated surrounding rocks of the grottoes where the temperature remained almost steady at around 9.4 °C. However, the indoor air temperature, relative humidity, and rock surface temperature in the caves varied significantly because of the active exchange of the air with the outside atmosphere. The condensation water appeared on cave walls in the summer when the dew point in the air was higher than the rock surface temperature. Preliminary assessments with a special collection device indicated that the thickness of the transient condensation water could reach 0.03–0.10 mm on the back wall of a cave. The occurrence of this condensation water is expected to worsen salt deterioration of the sculptures in the grottoes. As revealed by long-term observations, a wooden building in front of a cave can weaken the indoor air temperature fluctuation and reduce the condensation water, and consequently, prevent the negative effects of the microclimate for the sculptures.     

断层输导作用与油气充注作用关系分析

断层是控制油气藏形成的重要因素之一;断层的开启及闭合影响到油气运移与聚集的效率。但油气在断层中的运移与在砂层中的充注存在差异性这一问题长期被忽视。一般认为;只要发育断层;其断开的渗透层就会被油气充注;极少关注地层水和石油的压缩特性对充注的影响。本文提出;地下单断层活动时;深部油气在超压作用下以涌流方式难以快速充注进入中浅层被切割的砂体;因此;单砂体至少要存在一条断层作为泄水出口;石油才能通过其余断层充注进入砂体;即单砂体要发育两条及两条以上断层;石油才能注入砂体。在断层静止期;油气通过渗流方式沿特定深度范围断面垂向运移;对油气垂向运移距离影响较小。本文运用4个大型盆地的典型油气藏与断层分布关系讨论了本文观点。该观点对油气成藏规律研究及成藏目标评价有较重要参考意义。     

基于MODIS温度的青藏高原多年冻土活动层厚度变化研究

基于MODIS温度数据,采用TTOP模型和Stefan公式模拟了青藏高原地区的冻土分布并计算了活动层厚度,并与地面观测结果进行了对比。结果表明：2003—2019年青藏高原多年冻土面积为1.01×10⁶ km²;多年冻土活动层厚度区域平均值为1.79 m, 活动层厚度区域平均的变化率为3.67 cm/10a,且草甸地区的变化率明显大于草原地区,5100~5300 m高程带的活动层厚度变化速率最大。     

中国美丽乡村空间格局演变及其影响因素

以2014年、2017年、2020年对应的140、560、1216个美丽乡村为研究对象,运用GIS空间分析方法研究美丽乡村空间格局演变特征,采用地理探测器和多尺度地理加权回归探究美丽乡村空间格局的影响因素及其在空间上的分异。研究表明：① 美丽乡村空间分布的集聚性增强,主要集聚区呈现“带状-网状-面状”分布的演变趋势,热点区由沿海地带向内扩散。② 美丽乡村的空间分异是多因素共同作用的结果,但各影响因素对美丽乡村空间分异的解释度呈显著差异,其中非物质文化遗产、5A级景区、人口密度对美丽乡村空间分布的解释力最大。③ 主要影响因素对美丽乡村空间分布的影响作用存在空间差异,且局部不平衡性显著,正相关和负相关分析单元具有呈块状与带状的聚集特征。     

人类关键区的科学逻辑与研究趋势

人类关键区是人类社会进入人类世时代,人类所创造的地表景观在地理圈层中的特征区域。人类近万年历史对人地关系的认知可分为人类文明与地球环境、人类活动与地理环境、空间行为与土地利用3个层级。人类关键区具有全球尺度、国家尺度、区域尺度、地方尺度以及社区尺度。全球尺度的人类关键区可划分为建成区、农业区、生态区、裸露区。人类关键区未来的研究主要包括人类关键区的识别,人类关键区物质循环与能量流动,人类关键区耦合机理与动力机制,人类关键区地理模拟（器）与调控决策。人类关键区的提出为全球可持续发展提供中国地理科学的创新理论与实践路径。     

非均质条件下珠江口潮汐湿地地下水流动特征

开展非均质条件下潮汐湿地中地下水流动特征研究,成为深入揭示潮汐湿地水循环及物质循环过程的重要前提。以广州南沙区的河畔潮汐湿地为对象,基于放射性氡同位素示踪技术考察含水层非均质情况下地下水的流动特征。结果表明：1）研究区介质干容重、介质孔隙度和介质氡释放（E_{rn}）呈现空间异质性,介质氡释放是导致介质氡平衡能力（[R_n{]}_{gw}）呈现显著空间异质性（2 210.15~7 700.33 Bq/m³）的主要因素。2）非均质条件下地下水流动呈现显著的分区特征,根据氡的比活度可以划分为快速流动区和滞留区。其中,快速流动区地下水氡比活度较小,观测期内平均值为1 522.39 Bq/m³,地下水呈现由陆向海近似“U”型的流动模式。滞留区地下水氡比活度显著增大,观测期内平均值为3 858.40 Bq/m³,地下水受潮汐作用而滞留更久。滞留区地下水流动状态受潮高差影响,潮高差越大,潮汐对湿地地下水的整体驱动力越大,滞留区地下水渗出相对容易,反之滞留区地下水渗出较难。由此可见,潮汐湿地含水层介质的空间异质性是影响地下水流动特征的关键因素。     

“水-能源-粮食”视角下粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局的构建及优化

从“水－能源－粮食”3个维度对粤港澳大湾区的生态系统服务进行评价,利用珞珈一号夜光数据修正生态阻力面,运用最小累积阻力模型构建并优化湾区的生态安全格局。结果表明：1）粤港澳大湾区生态源地总面积为9 626.1 km²,主要分布在研究区东部和西部的山地、丘陵地区,对应位于江门市、惠州市中部和肇庆市;2）生态廊道共计38条,总长度为2 023.09 km,其中最短为11.76 km,最长为304.99 km,集中于植被覆盖较好的山地丘陵地区,中部无廊道分布;3）生态源地辐射区面积为28 929.5 km²,达到湾区总面积的51.88%,若要实现60%的覆盖率,则需要至少新增生态源地辐射面积4 524.856 km²;4）为了更好地优化粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局,提出在惠州市北部和南部新增两处生态源地辐射区,并构建以“一带、一轴、四组团”为核心的生态安全格局优化模式。     

On the Geometry of Broad-Line Regions in BL Lac Objects

The geometry of broad-line regions (BLRs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still controversial. We use a sample of BL Lac objects, of which the black hole masses Mbh are estimated from their host galaxy absolute magnitude at R-band, MR, by using the empirical relation between MR and black hole mass Mbh. The sizes of the broad-line regions for Mgn are derived from the widths of Mgn lines and the black hole masses. Compared with the empirical relation between BLR size RBLR and MgII line luminosity LMgII, it is found the BLR sizes in the BL Lac objects derived in this paper are 2-3 orders of magnitude higher. If the BLR geometry of these sources is disklike, then the viewing angle between the axis and the line of sight is in the range of ~ 2°-15°, which is consistent with the unification scheme.