邯郸豪群大厦的地基处理与监测

该建筑物的基本横跨黄河故道及堤岸,并贯穿有地下防空洞。本文介绍了这一建筑物的复杂的地基的处理,建筑物已使用０余,经多次监测,基本没有发生异常沉降。     

红层泥岩填料的力学特性及本构模型研究

在红层泥岩地区进行道路工程施工时,考虑到材料短缺和成本问题,常常采用就地取材的方式作为路基填料。为了研究红层泥岩填料的适用性,选取甘肃省永登县某工点的风化红层泥岩填料为研究对象,在室内开展一系列三轴CU剪切试验,探究含水率、围压和压实度对应力-应变曲线、峰值(残余)强度、抗剪强度指标的影响,并对不同类型的应力-应变曲线,分别采用相应的模型进行拟合。研究结果表明：含水率、围压和压实度对其物理力学特性具有显著影响;对符合应变软化型规律的曲线,采用沈珠江的双曲线模型拟合的规律一般;对符合应变硬化型规律的曲线,采用Duncan-Chang模型拟合的规律较好。研究结果可以为甘肃省红层泥岩路基的病害处治与维修提供参考依据。     

利用复合光谱纹理特征进行城市边缘区不透水层提取

城市边缘区是城市化活跃的地区,在遥感影像上呈现出错综复杂、异质强的特征,对该地区不透水层的遥感提取带来一定的困难。本文引用扩展支撑向量机（extended support vector machines,ESVM）的软硬分类方法,结合光谱和纹理特征变化,对正在发生快速土地覆盖变化的城市边缘区的不透水层进行了提取。本文提出的方法将纹理变化作为有效信息表示城市边缘区的变异,并结合软硬分类方法的特征进行了不透水层纯净、混合像元的识别。研究区城市边缘区的试验结果表明,将纹理特征作为描述不透水层的空间特征指数能够将纯净、混合像元的识别效率提高10%,整体分类精度提高1%~5%,优于传统的软分类、硬分类方法。     

近50多年来澜沧江流域农业灌溉需水的时空变化

利用澜沧江流域云南境内8 个气象站1950s-2007 年的逐月气象数据,现状作物种植、农业耕作、田间水分管理等资料,应用Mann-Kendall 法和R/S 分析法,探索50 多年来流域区的干湿变化、农业灌溉定额转折变化趋势及分布规律。结果表明：年、季平均温度普遍地显著升高,降水量干季增加、湿季减少;大部分地区的参照作物腾发量ET0在年度及干、湿季都呈增加趋势,仅在流域中段大理、剑川、耿马的部分时段为减少,干湿指数大多数地区都是降低;水稻及农业综合灌溉需水定额从流域上游到下游逐渐呈减少、增-减并存到增加的趋势。气象因子、ET0、干湿指数、水稻灌溉及农业综合灌溉定额发生转折变异现象都集中在澜沧江中下段的耿马、思茅、景洪、勐腊等地,且时间系列的转折变异点在1960s-1990s 的各个时期均有出现。水稻灌溉定额随纬度方向变化的相关系数为0.513,随海拔高程变化为0.610,最高值出现在维西,最低值为勐腊;农业综合灌溉定额受作物种植结构和水稻种植面积的影响较大,二者相关系数达到0.826,但其与纬度、海拔的变化规律不明显,最高值在大理,最低值在维西。灌溉定额在小范围内的多样性变化,表明在纵向岭谷特殊环境对地表水汽输送、气温和气流场分布等的“通道-阻隔”作用下,澜沧江河谷农业灌溉需水量时空变化的复杂性。     

模数转换器对导航信号的影响分析及最优量化参数选择方法设计

结合导航信号的具体物理模型,从信息量和信噪比两个角度入手,对ADC前后导航信号所含有效信息量及信噪比变化规律进行推导计算。从理论上证明2~3 bit量化已能满足一般接收机正常工作的需要,在此基础上归纳不同的量化门限选择对信号信噪比的不同影响,发现在特定的干扰下,合理地选取量化门限反而会增加信号的信噪比这一反常规现象。最后提出一种合理选取量化门限的方法,以获得最优的信噪比增益,并进行了试验仿真的验证,对接收机前端设计具有一定的启发意义。     

工程移民的生计变迁与文化适应——以泸沽湖机场移民为例

在实地调查和深入访谈的基础上,对泸沽湖机场建设移民搬迁后移民的生计转变、文化调适和社会整合等进行了阐述和分析。研究表明,从高寒山区下移安置到现居地后,移民原有的生计模式、经济结构、饮食习俗和居住格局纷纷被打破重构,同时还面临家支血缘关系网络解体、宗教信仰和观念淡化以及精神文化缺失等社会和心理方面的冲击与挑战。相关研究应加强对移民文化变迁、社会适应和心理认同的关注,从人本出发促进移民地区的文化融合与和谐发展。     

Influence of climate and tectonic movements on granite landforms in China

Present granite landform characteristics and distribution are the integrated result of climate, tectonics and lithology. Various types of granite landforms in China signify climate zonality and differential vertical movement of earth surface, while published research results on Chinese granite landforms are very rare, especially in international journals. Based on the process analysis of chemical weathering and physical disintegration, four granite landform regions in China are classified according to the present climate regime. On the Tibetan Plateau, the cold and freezing climate induced periglacial landscapes; the northeast region is characterized by physical disintegration and low round mounds are widespread; in the northwest region controlled by arid climate, wind-carved minor landscapes are extremely prominent. The most spectacular granite landscapes in China are presented in southeast as a result of longtime chemical weathering under humid and warm conditions, as well as the differential uplift after Neogene. Correlating the weathering crust in southern China, Tibetan Plateau and India, a possible unified planation surface in Neogene is proposed. With corestones as indicators of original weathering front, the differential uplift extent of dissected planation surfaces can be estimated. At least three landforms implying uplift can be identified in southeastern China, with elevations of 300–400 m, 2000 m and 3600 m above the sea level respectively.     

适用于矢量瓦片缓存替换的视点相关预测区域算法

传统的缓存置换策略未充分考虑数据访问的空间特征,也不适用于基于矢量瓦片的替换。该文根据矢量瓦片的空间数据结构,提出一种适用于矢量瓦片缓存替换的视点相关预测区域算法:首先根据瓦片存储中多分辨率金字塔结构进行空间单元划分,并根据用户操作类型求解矢量瓦片及空间单元热度,从而构建用户视点位置相关的预测区域;然后综合考虑瓦片层级、空间单元热度及距离等因素进行预测区域分析,获得瓦片缓存价值并进行瓦片置换。通过与传统的FIFO、LRU和LFU缓存策略相比较,该算法的瓦片命中率比FIFO和LRU分别提高了近50%和20%,瓦片的请求耗时分别缩短了50%和30%左右,相比LFU也有明显优势。该研究为WebGIS提供了一种更具潜力的瓦片缓存方法。     

海相淤泥用于种植土改良技术研究

沿海港口、航道建设及维护过程中,产生大量海相淤泥,其含盐量高,理化性质差,难以直接利用。本文通过淋滤试验,探究土壤pH值、土壤含盐量与淋滤量的关系,并利用秸秆、砂、生物炭、有机肥、脱硫石膏等材料组成的掺入剂对海相淤泥进行改性试验。研究结果表明,试样土样经过间歇性1000 mL淋滤量,土壤pH值、土壤含盐量等参数降至规范标准值以内;淋滤初期存在土壤碱性不减反而略微升高的现象;土壤含盐量随淋滤次数增加而降低,中间阶段（4~8次）淋滤时因土柱中形成渗流通道,土壤含盐量降低效率减小。海相淤泥先经过淋滤\     

Impacts of Coastal Reclamation on Natural Wetlands in Large River Deltas in China

Little information is available on the impacts of coastal reclamation on wetland loss in large-river deltas at a regional scale.Using remote sensing data of coastal wetland and reclamation in four deltas in China from 1978 to 2014, we tracked their continuous area changes in four periods: 1978–1990, 1990–2000, 2000–2008, and 2008–2014. The areal relation between wetland loss and reclamation was quantified and used to identify coastal reclamation mode intensity coupled with another three indicators: reclamation rate,accretion rate and land-use intensity of coastal reclamation. The results showed that coastal reclamation driven by economic development reduced, or even reverse the original growth of delta which was determined by the offset between wetland acceleration rate and wetland loss rate. Generally, the area of reclamation showed a positive linear correlation with the area of wetland loss. The findings imply that human activities should control reclamation rate and intensity to alleviate total wetland loss and maintain wetland ’net gain’.Inappropriate coastal reclamation modes can magnify total wetland loss;therefore, coastal reclamation with a slow increment rate and low impervious surface percent is of great importance for sustainable development in future coastal management.