区域风能资源评价分析的动力降尺度研究

不同于以往的统计风能评估方法,本研究将动力降尺度方法应用到江苏省的风能评价分析中。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料与江苏省65个地面气象观测站1971～2000年的观测资料,建立了动力降尺度区域气候模式MM5V3的初始场和边界条件,用较高分辨率（水平分辨率为5 km）评估了江苏省60 m高度的风能分布,分析了动力降尺度方法在区域风能资源评估中的有效应用。结果表明,江苏省风能资源由东部沿海向西部内陆递减,以西连岛为代表的东部沿海风能资源最丰富,其次为长江三角洲地区,太湖、洪泽湖及高邮湖地区的风能资源也比较丰富,徐州市与南京市的风能资源最贫乏。分析表明,动力降尺度方法能够用较高分辨率模拟局地环流和地面风的主要分布特征,可以作为区域风能资源评价分析的有效手段。     

非典型积雨云的观测

本文主要阐述在地面观测中不按云的演变规律发展的积雨云出现的几种情况,及怎样及时、准确观测积雨云。     

Energy-Casimir方法在中尺度扰动稳定性研究中的应用

考虑湿空气中的水汽效应,引进Casimir函数(它是虚位温的单值函数),在x方向动量方程和总能量方程的基础上,采用Energy-Casimir方法建立了三维非地转平衡和非静力平衡的拟能量波作用方程,由于该方程建立在非地转平衡和非静力平衡的动力框架下,因此可用于讨论层结稳定大气内中尺度扰动系统的发展演变.理论分析表明,拟能量波作用方程具有非守恒形式,其中的拟能量波作用密度主要由扰动动能、有效化能和浮力能三部分组成;拟能量波作用密度局地变化除了受拟能量波作用通量散度影响之外,纬向基本气流切变、科氏力作功以及山非绝热加热和水汽相变所构成的波作用源汇项对其也都有贡献.诊断分析结果表明,对流层中低层的拟能量波作用密度与观测的6 h累积地面降水在水平空间分布和时间演变趋势上比较接近,说明拟能量波作用密度能够较好地抓住强降水区上空对流层中低层动力场和热力场的扰动特征,并在一定程度上可以有效地表征降水系统的发展演变,因而与地面降水量存在紧密联系.波作用方程各项的计算分析表明,波作用通量散度与拟能量波作用密度局地变化的倾向以及强降水区的变化比较一致,并且在强度上强于纬向基本气流切变项和科氏力作功项,因此波作用通量散度对拟能量波作用密度的局地变化具有重要贡献.     

应变参数的抗差解及误差影响

应用弹性力学的应变分析理论和抗差估计原理,推导了应变参数的抗差解及其误差影响函数.实际算例表明,应变参数的抗差解可以有效地抵制粗差的异常影响,得到应变参数的可靠解,这对于利用高精度GPS复测资料研究大尺度的地壳运动和变形具有实际意义.     

华南震旦系陡山沱组磷质震积岩及其与多细胞生物群相关性初探

埃迪卡拉纪（震旦纪）陡山沱期是Rodinia超大陆裂离的重要地质时期,是多细胞生物起源和发展的重要转折时期和磷质聚集时期,也是化学、气候和环境变化的剧烈时期。液化岩脉、液化角砾岩、脉化变形构造、以及阶梯状层内断层等磷质震积岩的发现,表明扬子地区在陡山沱期晚期至少发生过两次以上的地震事件。地震构造运动将地球内部积累能量快速地释放,可能是磷质来源和热水活动一种重要的方式或通道。海水中磷等无机营养盐分的增加,海水温度的升高,有利于多细胞生物的起源和发展,同时多细胞生物的繁盛又有利于磷的聚集。     

拖担水库大坝左岸滑坡形成机制与治理措施

拖担水库大坝左岸为一古滑坡,在水库扩建开挖过程中,诱发古滑坡体复活.在分析了滑坡工程地质特征的基础上,研究了其形成机制,通过反演计算,确定了底滑面的力学参数,提出了抗滑桩、开挖和挖锚结合三种处置方案,其中挖锚结合方案又分别对比了滑坡体上部开挖至2035.0m高程+下部锚固和滑坡体上部开挖至2015.0m高程+下部锚固两种方案.研究结果表明:古滑坡体为一基岩顺层滑坡,滑动模式为"滑移(弯曲)—剪断"型,左岸古滑坡体由于施工扰动,沿坡体内部软弱层面产生二次滑动;结合大坝工程设计,经技术经济比较,确定左岸滑坡体采取开挖治理措施.     

考虑楼板作用的SRC柱-钢梁混合框架动力时程分析

为了解楼板空间作用对型钢混凝土(SRC)柱-钢梁混合框架抗震性能的影响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS分别建立带有楼板和不带楼板的两跨三层SRC柱-钢梁框架,选取2组天然波和1组人工波对其进行弹塑性分析,对比2种框架结构的型钢应力分布、混凝土板损伤、层间相对位移角以及框架基底剪力,分析楼板在结构抗震中的影响规律。结果表明:增加楼板可以有效增加框架抗侧刚度,最大可使层间位移角降低38.7%;同时可以减小核心区梁端塑性区域的面积,减缓型钢上翼缘应力发展速度;而且楼板的存在可使最大基底剪力提升60.7%,有利于减小结构损伤和提高抗震性能。     

渤海海峡BHS01孔沉积物磁性地层学研究

磁性地层学研究是建立渤海地区第四纪沉积序列地层年代框架的主要技术手段之一。通过对渤海海峡地区BHS01孔(孔深121.3 m)进行详细的磁性地层学研究,结果表明:BHS01孔岩心记录了布容(Brunhes)正极性时至松山(Matuyama)负极性时底部,包括贾拉米洛(Jaramillo)和奥尔都维(Olduvai)正极性亚时。早、中更新世界线即布容(Brunhes)正极性时/松山(Matuyama)负极性时界限(B/M)深度位于该钻孔的46.4 m处。根据沉积速率,推测钻孔底部121.3 m处的年龄约2.25 Ma。综合沉积物的岩性、磁性及沉积速率变化特征,将BHS01孔沉积物记录的区域沉积过程自下而上划分为3个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(2.25～1.46 Ma)以河流相沉积为主;阶段Ⅱ(1.46～0.78 Ma)为稳定的湖泊相沉积;阶段Ⅲ(0.78～0 Ma)发育海陆交互相沉积。这一研究为该钻孔提供了可靠的年代标尺,为渤海海峡及邻区第四纪地层的划分对比和沉积演化过程提供了新的依据。     

Early Cretaceous Adakitic Rocks in the Northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China: Implications for the Final Closure of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and Regional Extensional Setting

A large amount of igneous rocks in NE China formed in an extensional setting during Late Mesozoic. However, there is still controversy about how the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean effected the lithosphere in NE China. In this paper, we carried out a comprehensive study for andesites from the Keyihe area using LA-ICP-MS zircon UPb dating and geochemical and Hf isotopic analysis to investigate the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of these andesites. The U-Pb dating yields an Early Cretaceous crystallization age of 128.3±0.4 Ma. Geochemically, the andesites contain high Sr(686–930 ppm) and HREE contents, low Y(11.9–19.8 ppm) and Yb(1.08–1.52 ppm) contents, and they therefore have high Sr/Y(42–63) and La/Yb(24–36) ratios, showing the characteristics of adakitic rocks. Moreover, they exhibit high K_2O/Na_2O ratios(0.57–0.81), low Mg O contents(0.77–3.06 wt%), low Mg# value(17–49) and negative εHf(t) values(-1.7 to-8.5) with no negative Eu anomalies, indicating that they are not related to the oceanic plate subduction. Based on the geochemical and isotopic data provided in this paper and regional geological data, it can be concluded that the Keyihe adakitic rocks were affected by the Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic regime, forming in a transition setting from crustal thickening to regional extension thinning. They were derived from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust. The closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean may finish in early Early Cretaceous, followed by the collisional orogenic process. The southern part region of its suture belt was in a post-orogenic extensional setting in the late Early Cretaceous.     

Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic,and Mineral Inclusion Studies on the Diamonds from the Pozanti‐Karsanti Chromitite,Turkey

He Pozanti‐Karsanti ophiolite (PKO) is one of the largest oceanic remnants in the Tauride belt, Turkey. Micro‐diamonds were recovered from the podiform chromitites, and these were investigated based on morphology, color, cathodoluminescence, nitrogen content, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, internal structure and inclusions. The diamonds recovered from the PKO are mainly mixed‐habit diamonds with sectors of different brightness under the cathodoluminescence images. The total δ¹³C range of the PKO diamonds ranges between ?18.8 ‰ and ?28.4 ‰, with a principle δ¹³C mode at ?25 ‰. Nitrogen contents of the diamonds range from 7 to 541 μg/g with a mean value of 171 μg/g, and the δ¹⁵N values range from ?19.1 ‰ to 16.6 ‰, with a δ¹⁵N mode of ?9 ‰. Stacking faults and partial dislocations are commonly observed in the Transmission Electron Microscopy foils whereas inclusions are rather rare. Combinations of (Ca_0.81Mn_0.19)SiO₃, NiMnCo‐alloy and nano‐size, quenched fluid phases were observed as inclusions in the PKO diamonds, confirming a natural origin of these diamonds. We believe that the δ¹³C‐depleted carbon signature of the PKO diamonds is a remnant of previously subducted crustal matter. These diamonds may have crystallized in metal‐rich melts in the asthenospheric mantle at depth below 250 km which were subsequently carried rapidly upward by asthenospheric melts/fliuds. We concluded that diamond‐bearing asthenospheric melts were likely involved in the formation of the Pozanti‐Karsanti podiform chromitite.