区域性海洋要素持续测量平台新技术概述

21世纪是海洋的世纪,海洋要素现场观测对海洋学研究、海洋工程建设和海上国防安全等诸多方面具有深远的意义.比如近年来气候的剧烈变化,就是由大气和海洋共同作用的结果,且受海洋的影响较大[1],因为海洋表层储存的热量比大气多1 000多倍.     

西施舌外套膜蛋白质组双向电泳体系的构建

建立了西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)外套膜蛋白质组的双向凝胶电泳体系,比较分析了不同pH梯度胶条、水化条件的优化及不同染色方法对双向电泳结果的影响.结果表明:用pH 4～7的非线性胶条,水化时加上除盐步骤,采用硝酸银染色,即可获得高分辨率、高重现性的双向电泳图谱,为进一步研究西施舌外套膜蛋白质的组成奠定了基础.     

栉孔扇贝(♀)×虾夷扇贝(♂)子一代杂种优势的SRAP分析

采用新型的分子标记技术(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism,简称SRAP)对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)(♀)×虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)(♂)子一代及其双亲的遗传变异进行分析.从不同的引物组合中筛选出9对条带清晰、多态性丰富的组合,9对引物共产生了121条扩增带,其中多态性条带107条,平均每对引物组合产生11.89条多态标记.Shannon信息指数I分别为0.299 9、0.218 9、0.334 3,Nei's基因多样性指数h分别是0.196 4、0.141 1、0.218 9,栉孔扇贝与杂交后代的遗传距离是0.107 4,虾夷扇贝与杂交后代的遗传距离是0.228 7,聚类分析也显示了这一特点.从变异贡献率来看,3个群体的总变异中,有37.31%的变异来源于群体间,62.69%的变异来源于个体间.     

可达性度量方法及应用研究进展评述

可达性一直是地理学、土木建筑工程设计、交通运输经济学等学科的研究热点。已有的各 种可达性度量方法目前已广泛应用于交通网络与城镇发展研究、交通基础设施的区域经济效应 评价、选址分析、园林景观规划、社会文化等多个研究领域。随着应用需求的持续加大和技术研究 的不断深入, 可达性度量方法也在快速发展, 其度量体系正在形成。本文首先从两个层面对可达 性的涵义进行全面阐述; 在此基础上, 从网络特性的角度对拓扑法、距离法、累积机会法、等值线 法、重力模型法、平衡系数法、时空法、效用法等目前常用的可达性度量方法进行系统分类, 并且 从可达性影响因素入手对各种度量方法进行综合比较与评述; 然后, 针对不同的应用领域, 对各 种度量方法的应用研究现状进行详细论述与剖析; 最后, 对可达性研究的发展方向进行深入讨论 与展望。     

Influence of Spatial-Temporal and Environmental Factors on Larimichthys polyactis,Octopus variabilis,and Species Aggregated Set-Net CPUEs in Haizhou Bay,China

Set-nets are common alongshore fishing gear used in Haizhou Bay, which rely on flow to catch fish. The catch per unit effort(CPUE) of set-net is affected by spatial-temporal and environmental factors but no research has been conducted on this subject. In this study, we used generalized additive models(GAMs) to explore the influence of spatial-temporal and environmental factors on CPUEs of species aggregated, small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis), and octopus(Octopus variabilis) based on logbooks investigations conducted at 4 stations in an alongshore area of Haizhou Bay from 2011 to 2012. The results showed that all CPUEs exhibited significant spatial-temporal differences at various scales. Aggregated CPUE was high when the sea surface temperature(SST) was 15-18℃ and 20-23℃, which was mainly determined by life history traits of the octopus and small yellow croaker(optimal SSTs 14-17℃ and 19-24℃, respectively). Chlorophyll-a concentration had significant influences on the aggregated, small yellow croaker and octopus CPUEs at optimal ranges of 3.8-6.2 mg m~(-3), 4.2-4.8 mg m~(-3) and 4.5-5.5 mg m~(-3), respectively. Flow through the net had positive relationships with CPUEs. The approximate logarithmic trends in regression curves had a critical point of 2.5 Mm~3 d~(-1), which was the dividing point that differentiated whether the major factor affecting CPUEs was the flow velocity or the fishery resource. Our results from this study will help guide fishery production and improve catch rate of set-net fishing in Haizhou Bay.     

集成学习和动态融合算法在福建省短时强降水预报中的应用

为了提高短时强降水预报准确性,在2019—2020年4—9月福建省逐时降水实况观测资料与中国气象局广东快速更新同化数值预报系统(CMA-GD)模式预报产品的基础上,应用LightGBM集成学习算法框架,建立以30 mm·h^-1为阈值的逐时降水预报模型。通过特征处理、自助聚合及超参数搜索等技术对模型进行优化,结合AUC、AUPR与传统分类指标,设计了包括业务模拟测试在内的多项试验,通过对比各建模方案验证了模型对于较长时效的短时强降水预报的适用性。结果表明:模式预报本身的命中率和空报率均较高,各建模方案具有不同程度的改善作用。自助聚合可以增强模型预测稳定性,轻微不平衡子训练集能降低模型预测空报率而取得更高的综合评分,在验证集中最佳TS评分可达17.5%;对分类信息增益贡献最大的特征变量为K指数,其次为500 hPa露点温度和时间参数特征;试验指标从优到劣依次为:随机交叉验证、小时划分的随机交叉验证、业务模拟测试,可见模型有效性主要来自相同或相邻时刻的样本信息;设计基于逻辑回归的异质模型动态融合方案以改善静态同质模型表现,各项指标均有小幅提升,在命中率接近50%时削减空...     

3S技术在神农架滑雪场生态环境影响评价中的应用

神农架滑雪场位于国家级自然保护区的边缘地带。运用景观生态学原理和方法,采用3S技术,对滑雪场景观生态体系的结构和功能状况进行评价,通过景观多样性指数、景观聚集度指数等指标量化计算及比较分析,预测了项目建成后对所在区域生态完整性的影响程度及将造成的敏感生态问题。结果表明,评价区自然系统的生物量将减少430.26 t,平均净生产力降低为881.55 g/m2.a,项目建设不会改变林地的模地地位,其对生态环境质量仍有较强的调控能力。3S技术结合景观生态学方法将生态环境影响评价由定性评价转向定量预测,为建设项目生态影响评价研究作了有益的探索。     

微生物絮凝剂絮凝活性研究

用微生物絮凝剂对2g/L,200目高岭土悬浊液絮凝率的测定,得出培养液中絮凝活性分布及活性菌产生絮凝剂时的最佳条件.这种菌产絮凝剂的最佳条件如下pH值7.5～9.0,温度28～30℃,300r/min摇床培养45～60h.     

Role of climate in the rise and fall of Neolithic cultures on the Yangtze Delta

Climatic changes in the Yangtze Delta have played an important role in the emergence, persistence and collapse of civilization. Archaeological excavations in the region over many years have demonstrated that there are several layers of fine sand or organic mud that interrupt the consecutive culture strata in a number of Neolithic culture sites. Continuous biostratigraphical and sedimentological records from the Maqiao cultural site, Shanghai, suggest that the fine sand and organic mud units resulted from expansion of water bodies both by sea-level fluctuations and from increased flooding during cold and humid episodes of Holocene climates. The absence of human settlement from 7240 BP to 5320 BP in the region was mainly caused by higher sea levels resulting from a warm and humid climate. The Neolithic cultures developed under conditions of lower and more stable sea level as well as warmer and dryer climates between about 4410 BP and 3250 BP. A flood-induced lake expansion interrupted the civilization in the region at about 4200 BP. Later, higher water tables and expansion of lakes between 3250 BP and AD 618 under a cold and moist climate temporarily terminated settlement on the delta. Later, during the Tang Dynasty, beginning at about AD 618, the region again became suitable for human settlement under conditions of more favourable climate and lower water tables.     

青山-横塘矿区铅锌矿床控矿断裂特征及找矿评价

黔西北铅锌成矿区海西期经历了北西向水城断陷的发育演化,沉积了巨厚的泥盆系、古炭系地层,形成区域内主要的矿化层位。青山－横塘矿区位于威水铅锌成矿带之水城中部矿田,区内构造发育,成矿条件有利,产出了青山、横塘等中小型矿床,从矿区内控矿断裂的同生活动特征分析,断陷盆地内ＮＷ 断裂的同生活动控制了矿带,活动较强烈地段控制了矿区,ＮＥ向断裂的同生活动控制了矿床。