论西北地区生态环境建设问题与战略

分析评价了西北地区生态环境的基本现状，指出了影响生态环境改善的最大制约因素。在反思了过去生态环境建设的教训的基础上，提出了西北地区生态环境建设的目标。分析了当前大规模的生态环境建设中面临的亟待研究和解决的有关问题，并指出对这些问题的有效解决有助于构建生态建设的科学和社会支撑体系。最后，提出了生态建设和保护的若干对策建议。     

有限元离散模型中的出平面运动形式

波动在有限元离散模型中传播时,会出现许多不同于连续介质中波动的现象.本文引用经典物理学中晶格动力学的分析方法,由有限元离散形式的出平面波动方程得到频散关系,在此基础上,讨论了集中质量有限元模型中各种可能的出平面运动形式,并分析了考虑时域离散化影响下各种形式可能存在的频率范围.     

BOREHOLE STONELEY WAVE PROPAGATION ACROSS PERMEABLE STRUCTURES1

This study investigates the propagation of borehole Stoneley waves across permeable structures. By modelling the structure as a zone intersecting the borehole, a simple 1D theory is formulated to treat the interaction of the Stoneley wave with the structure. This is possible because the Stoneley wave is a guided wave, with no geometric spreading as it propagates along the borehole. The interaction occurs because the zone and the surrounding formation possess different Stoneley wavenumbers. Given appropriate representations of the wavenum-ber, the theory can be applied to treat a variety of structures, including a fluid-filled fracture. Of special interest are the cases of permeable porous zones and fracture zones. The results show that, while Stoneley wave reflections are generated, strong Stoneley wave attenuation is produced across a very permeable zone. This result is particularly important in explaining the observed strong Stoneley wave attenuation at major fractures where it has been difficult to explain the attenuation in terms of the single planar fracture theory. In addition, by using a simple and sufficiently accurate theory to model the effects of the permeable zone, a fast and efficient method is developed to characterize the fluid transport properties of a permeable fracture zone.     

地理信息系统数据的不确定性问题

在总结当前GIS数据不确定性问题的研究进展和动态的基础上,论述GIS数据不确定性的框架体系,并分析探讨GIS数据不确定性的核心理论和主要研究内容,特别是位置不确定性、属性不确定性、时域不确定性、不确定性传播和管理等问题,最后对GIS数据不确定性的数学研究方法进行分析、归纳和阐述。     

油气勘探开发项目投资决策路径的设计

研究油气勘探开发项目投资决策路径的根本目的在于规避风险,以利润极大化为原则,兼顾社会目标,正确选择投资方向,合理安排投资规模,保证石油化工企业油气资源的持续安全供应和可持续发展,提高集团的竞争力.油气勘探开发项目具有明显的实物期权特性,传统的NPV方法已经不适应此类项目的评价与决策,本文结合中石化的实际,从企业目标和社会目标2个方面着手,提出了基于实物期权的油气勘探开发项目投资决策路径,从而丰富了项目投资决策的思路和方法.     

变异函数在异常空间插值中的应用

针对数据空间架构中异常点对地质数据解译过程的干扰，以协方差数学理论为基础，提出界定空间数据分布方法-变异函数。着重阐述变异函数的求取过程，对新疆贝克滩水系沉积物化探数据处理，预测误差均值为0．1032、平均预测标准差为21．12、标准均方根预测误差为0．9841。预测值与样品实测值误差较小，界定的空间数据分布与实际矿床（点）分布吻合较好。     

基于Godunov格式的溃坝水流数学模型

为了更好地把握溃坝洪水风险,减小因溃坝洪水而造成的人员生命和财产损失,建立了基于Godunov格式的一维、二维溃坝水流耦合数学模型。一维溃坝水流模型采用HLL格式的有限体积法求解,二维溃坝水流模型采用基于非结构网格的Roe格式离散求解,在一维、二维模型的链接处采用重叠计算区域的方法实现一维模型和二维模型之间的水力要素信息交换。经弯道溃坝算例和断面突变溃坝算例验证,该耦合模型具有良好的可靠性和适用性,验证后的耦合模型为大尺度的溃坝水流数值模拟打下了基础。     

花鲈Argonaute基因家族的快速进化与表达分析

RNA干扰(RNA interfering,RNAi)是广泛存在于动植物等生物中的一种高度保守、序列特异的RNA降解机制.Argonaute蛋白是RNAi途径的关键组成部分,其结构、功能和进化模式在无脊椎动物中已得到广泛研究,但在脊椎动物特别是硬骨鱼中的报道还十分有限.本研究从已测序物种的基因组中鉴定了12种哺乳动物和...     

Summer Monsoon Rainfall Variability in Central China over the Past 4700 Years and Its Possible Link to Solar Activity

Based on 467 pairs of δ~(18) O and δ~(13) C records and 8 230 Th dates from a stalagmite(BF4) from Xiniu Cave, central China, we present a reconstruction of ~9-yr resolution monsoon rainfall record for the past 4700 years. Our δ~(18) O record shows good coherence with East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) rainfall proxies from adjacent regions during the overlapping intervals, suggesting that δ~(18) O signal in BF4 can be interpreted as a monsoon rainfall proxy. The δ~(13) C variations are related to changes in local processes at the cave site, and regional rainfall and temperature changes.Based on the δ~(18) O record, a series of dry periods can be identified at 4500–4200, 3500–3200, 2800–2500,1900–1600, 1400–1200, 700–500, and 400–200 yr BP, while a series of wet periods can be identified at 4200–3600,2400–2200, 3200–2800, 1100–900, 600–400, and 200–100 yr BP. Power spectrum analysis on our δ~(18) O record reveals significant cycles at ~470 and ~80 yr, coinciding with the typical solar periodic variations. This result suggests that changes in solar activity play a dominant role in driving centennial–decadal monsoon rainfall variation in central China. Due to minor changes in solar irradiance(less than 1.5 W m~(-2)) over the past 4700 years, our record was further compared to the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) proxies,confirming that solar forcing on monsoon rainfall changes might be amplified by the ENSO and PDO variations.From 600 to 150 yr BP(the Little Ice Age, LIA), a positive shift of ~2‰ can be revealed in both the δ~(18) O and δ~(13) C records, indicating a cold/dry climatic pattern. By comparing our δ~(18) O and δ~(13) C records with historical documents,we suggest that the climatic deteriorations between 450 and 250 yr BP may have caused serious social unrest at the end of the Ming Dynasty.     

区域水资源可持续利用评价

水资源可持续利用评价是可持续发展战略研究的核心问题之一,选取合适的评价方法是正确评价水资源可持续利用的基本前提。在目前提出的评价方法中,关键性的问题是如何合理确定各个评价指标的权重,层次分析法是解决这一问题常用的有效方法。但是,层次分析法没有给出判断矩阵一致性的调整方法;而且评价结果也只能表明各个指标对水资源可持续利用的影响大小,并不能判断研究区水资源可持续利用程度。本文在层次分析法的基础上,探讨了判断矩阵一致性的修正方法,构造出判断水资源可持续利用程度的综合指数,并对云南省水资源可持续利用程度进行评价。