基于二次散射的水污染遥感模型及其在珠江口水域的应用

根据水中悬浮物、污染物和水分子等的散射和吸收物理机制建模是实现水污染定量遥感的有效途径.基于一次散射的水污染遥感模型简单易行,但在浑浊度较大时其精度不高.在基于一次散射模型的基础上分析了多次散射的能量组成特点,提出再考虑二次散射可使模型的精度显著提高且不至于使模型过于复杂;导出了二次散射的补偿因子,同时给出了考虑二次散射因子的简单计算方法.将该模型应用于珠江口水域的水污染遥感的结果表明,较之基于一次散射的模型,考虑二次散射的水污染遥感模型在精度上有明显改进.遥感提取结果显示,珠江口水域重污染区主要分布在伶仃洋东北部,香港维多利亚港和深圳湾.     

流动注射-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定海洋沉积物样品中痕量铅

铅是一种具有累积性的有害元素,是海洋监测调查中沉积物介质的必测元素之一,常用测定方法有双硫腙分光光度法、火焰原子吸收光谱法、无火焰原子吸收光谱法等[1],前两种方法灵敏度较低,测定时一般需要预富集,操作较繁琐;后一种方法虽然灵敏度高,但仪器昂贵,对操作人员要求高.氢化物发生原子荧光法由于灵敏度高、检出限低且线性范围宽,在铅的分析中日益被重视.     

现场海水中有机污染物光学测量方法研究

介绍了一种用光学方法对海水中的有机污染物（主要包括：叶绿素-a、黄色物质、石油）进行测量的光学系统，该系统可同时测量海水中多种有机污染物的种类和浓度。     

基于GIS的无人机地面监控系统的设计与实现

在分析无人机领域飞行数据特征的基础上,设计实现了一套功能较为完善的无人机地面监控系统。该系统主要完成了无人机飞行状态实时显示、航线规划和航线回放等功能模块。系统借助于G IS技术,导入矢量形式的电子地图,利用丰富的地理信息来辅助实现无人机的地面监控,在V isual C 6.0开发环境下利用基于异步方式和事件驱动方式的串口通信实现了系统与地面控制站的通信,利用地图控制文件实现了地图数据的调度,利用显示缓存实现了视图实时刷新。经过实际联调,系统运行良好,实用性较好。     

温度、pH和金属离子对仿剌参蛋白酶活力影响的研究

利用分光光度计比色法测定了温度、pH值和Hg^2＋等9种金属离子对体长24．2cm±0．7cm仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）消化道中蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明，蛋白酶的最适温度为40℃，对热不稳定，最适pH为7．2。Hg^2＋，Mn^2＋，Ag^＋，Pb^2＋，Ba^2＋，Ca^2＋对蛋白酶的活性有抑制作用，抑制作用由强至弱依次为Hg^2＋〉Ag^＋〉Mn^2＋〉Pb^2＋〉Ca^2＋〉Ba^2＋，其中Hg^2＋和Ag^＋与对照差异极显著（P〈0．01），表现出极强的抑制作用；Cu^2＋，Zn^2＋，Mg^2＋则对酶活有一定的促进作用，其促进作用大小依次为Mg^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cu^2＋，Mg^2＋与对照差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

赤道暖池区漂流浮标运动轨迹分析

TOGA—COARE强化观测期间,对赤道暖池区海流作了多种方法、多层次的观测;根据美国释放的漂流浮标不同时刻位置的资料,分别对赤道及其南、北海域的表层漂流状况作了计算分析,指出:从1°N向北存在单一的北向流;从1°N～1°S这个近赤道区域内为东向流;1°N～2°S区域为过渡区,以东向流为主,个别浮标出现涡旋状运动。2°S以南为一反时针运动的大涡旋。     

A proposed directional function and wind-wave directional spectrum

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气候转型与早期人类迁徙

目前的旧石器考古证据表明，更新世早期可能发生了两次人类迁徙浪潮，时间分别在1.8-1.6MaBP和1.0MaBP左右，第一阶段，古人类演化为直立人并开始走出非洲、迁徙至其它中低纬度的热带－亚热带地区；第二阶段，直立人开始占据中高纬度的温带和干旱－半干旱地区。这两个阶段也是第四纪气候发生转型、环境产生重大调整的时期。二者在发生时间上的一致性揭示了它们之间的内在联系，推测气候转型时期环境转变是这两次人类迁徙浪潮的主要驱动力。     

Chronic sublethal effects of the water soluble fractions of no. 2 fuel oils on the marine isopod, Sphaeroma quadridentatum

Two series of experiments were carried out to assess the long-term effects of the water soluble fractions (WSF) of fuel oils on the marine isopod, Sphaeroma quadridentatum. In one experiment, juvenile isopods (one month old) were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0·1% to 15% WSF) of a fuel oil (Baytown, Exxon) at room temperatures of 24 ± 1–6°C for nine months. These isopods survived to maturity and reproduced. However, growth rate was adversely affected at concentration ≥ 3% WSF and fecundity was depressed at concentrations ≥ 1% WSF. Survival of offspring in clean seawater was dependent to a large extent on the history of the previous generation. Offspring from groups exposed to ≥ 1% WSF experienced high mortality (> 70% within five weeks) even in clean seawater. This may imply that a population of Sphaeroma exposed to WSF as low as 0·2 ppm may eventually disappear, although animals can grow to maturity and reproduce at concentrations < 3 ppm.In another experiment, adult Sphaeroma (three months old) were subjected to the WSFs of four fuel oils (Baton Rouge, Baytown, Montana and New Jersey) for one month. Fecundity was depressed at a concentration > 15% WSF, regardless of the kind of fuel oil. On the other hand, the number of young produced bythe surviving females varied with the type of fuel oil for the same level of WSF. This may be attributed to different relative amounts of toxic components present in the WSF.     

Improved form of wind wave frequency spectrum

The lower frequency part of the theoretical wind wave spectrum proposed by the authors (Wen et al. , 1988a, b,c) has been improved and the form of spectrum is appreciably simplified. In addition to the field data collected in the Bohai Sea region and used in the previous papers, those obtained in the Huanghai Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea have been employed so that the improved spectra can be verified on a more extensive observational basis. Computed results agree with the observations well. Further comparisons have been made between the proposed spectra and the JONSWAP spectrum. Though the two types of spectrum are close to each other in form, the former shows, as a whole, better agreement with the observation than the latter. By introducing an improved relation between the peak-ness factor and significant wave steepness, the spectrum contains only significant wave height and period as parameters. For spectra given in this form, the computed peak frequencies coincide approximately wit