面向2035年我国能源发展的思考与建议

富油煤作为一种集煤、油、气为一体的特殊非常规油气资源,通过原位热解可转化为高附加值焦油、可燃气及半焦固体燃料等,具有解决传统煤炭工业发展过程中绿色开发、清洁低碳利用难题的潜力。在减少煤炭开采污染、提高能效利用等方面,为碳达峰碳中和(“双碳”)目标的实现提供了新的解决方案,也为我国寻求油气资源战略依赖突围提供了重要路径参考。然而,目前国内富油煤地下原位热解的研究仅限于少数先导性试验研究,对于富油煤原位热解的地质环境影响研究与全生命周期地质保障技术探索亟待开展。

基于富油煤开发原位热解的地质环境扰动响应特征,重点探讨了富油煤原位热解对热解区岩体变质、覆岩损伤变形、地下水扰动、地表沉降及地表生态环境等方面的影响,总结了富油煤原位热解地质条件评价与过程监测主要内容和测试技术,梳理了富油煤原位热解地质保障面临的挑战。同时,结合理论研究、技术方法、感测装备、传感单元、数据解译、多源信息融合和工程实践等内容认识,提出了构建富油煤原位热解地质保障技术体系的思考。

分析认为,在富油煤原位热解的新型资源转化利用模式条件下,迫切需要研发与之相匹配的地质保障技术,制定完整的开发、设计、施工、评价方法和标准,以规范和引导富油煤热解技术的发展与应用。此外,还需要在充分挖掘和利用富油煤油气资源固有优势的基础上,积极推动富油煤清洁利用技术的研发创新、安全生产标准的提升以及生态环境保护的深度融合,为煤炭工业实现绿色转型和高效可持续发展提供全面的战略对策与保障。

     

Has climate change driven spatio-temporal changes of cropland in northern China since the 1970s?

Improving the understanding of cropland change and its driving factors is a current focus for policy decision-makers in China. The datasets of cropland and cropland changes from the 1970s to the 2000s were used to explore whether climate change has produced spatio-temporal changes to cropland in northern China since the 1970s. Two representative indicators of heat and water resources, which are important determinants of crop growth and productivity, were considered to track climate change, including active accumulated temperatures ≥10 °C (AAT10) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Our results showed that rapid cropland change has occurred in northern China since the 1970s, and the area of cropland reclamation (10.23 million ha) was much greater than that of abandoned cropland (2.94 million ha). In the 2000s, the area of cropland with AAT10 higher than 3,000 °C·d increased, while the area of cropland with an SPEI greater than 0.25 decreased compared to the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. It appears that climate warming has provided thermal conditions that have aided rapid cropland reclamation in northern China since the 1970s, and drier climatic conditions did not become a limiting factor for cropland reclamation, especially from the 1990s to the 2000s. Approximately 70 % of cropland reclamation areas were located in warmer but drier regions from the 1990s to the 2000s, and approximately 40 % of cropland abandonment occurred in warmer and wetter conditions that were suitable for agriculture during the periods from the 1970s to the 1980s and the 1990s to the 2000s. Our results suggest that climate change can be considered a driving factor of cropland change in the past several decades in northern China, in addition to socioeconomic factors.     

Hadoop环境下基于SparkSQL海量自动站数据查询统计初探

在Hadoop分布式计算和存储架构下,自定义ETL数据清洗规则将海量自动站小时单站文件按所属年和站号合并为大文件流转存储至HDFS中,并运用SparkSQL并行计算框架进行统计处理生成常用气象要素日统计值。结果表明,数据处理和获取时效较关系型数据库方式有显著提升。采用SparkSQL并行计算框架对多气象要素多站点和长时间序列进行数据统计处理查询均能达到秒级别响应,并随着统计站点数的不断增加和时间跨度的延长其优势更为明显,能更高效地支撑此类气象数据服务,为海量气象数据处理从关系型数据库到大数据分布式架构的转换处理提供了新思路。     

地震通信中常用短波天线的设计与架设

任何无线电通信设备都是通过天线发射电波来传送信息的,因而,它在无线电通信 中占有极其重要的地位．笔者在本文中结合实际工作中的体会讨论了短波天线的类型和基本 特性,并提出了地震通信中常用短波天线的设计方法和架设要求．     

基于AutoCAD的DLG自动化质量检查探究

介绍了基于AutoCAD和Microsoft Access工具软件在VB.NET环境中开发实现的DLG质量检查工具,该工具实现批量自动化检查功能,包含幅内检查和幅间检查两大模块,对DLG进行实体的属性和几何拓扑等质量要素的检查,并将检查结果输出为报表。     

Defining the range of ecological shelter zones in the shore zone of Three Gorges Reservoir,China

To maintaining a health ecological environment in Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area, ecological shelter zones (ESZ) need to be built in the TGR shore zone urgently. Based on the implication and function of ESZ, this study first analyzed the relationships amongst three subsystems of the TGR area, including the upstream production-living land, the downstream reservoir water body, and the ESZ. Then a simple and practical hydrological environment model for controlling the eutrophication of the TGR water body was constructed to determine ESZ range of TGR. Additionally, based on the pollutant degradation efficiency of ESZ and the assimilative capacity of reservoir water body, a raster reverse tracking method was proposed to determine the range of ESZ. Thirdly, take Yangdu town in Zhongxian county as a typical region, the ESZ range under three scenarios of different rainfall intensity, degradation efficiency and inflow water quality that corresponding to the three decisive factors of defining ESZ range were discussed. Finally, the statistical laws of the ESZ’s width at each boundary points were discussed to facilitate the ESZ construction projects, and selected standardized rate at 70, 90, and 99 % were labelled as “General”, “Good” and “Excellent” level to represent the performance of the width of the ESZ range. In conclusion, it suggest “Good” level width as basic width of ESZ, and additionally a special protection zone should be put on upstream environment for the extreme large width at the boundary points.     

地质异常的奇异性度量与隐伏源致矿异常识别

以个旧锡多金属矿床为例,研究了致矿地质异常的非线性特征.从异常地质事件和成矿作用的奇异性出发,定量分析了地质异常的奇异性、不连续性、非平稳性、混沌性、自相似性、临界性等非线性特征.在此基础上,详细介绍了局部奇异性分析原理和方法,论述了奇异性指数对隐伏源异常的识别能力.结果表明,奇异性分析方法在个旧地区水系沉积物地球化学数据处理和隐伏源地球化学异常识别和圈定应用中是有效的.分析结果一定程度上消除了隐伏源深度的影响,所圈定的局部地球化学异常不仅在个旧东区较好地对应了已发现的大型锡矿床的分布,而且在其他低缓地球化学异常区也圈定了多处局部异常,为进一步开展锡矿勘查提供了重要靶区.奇异性理论和方法有望为深部矿产预测、隐伏矿预测、覆盖区矿产预测等特殊环境开展矿产预测提供了新的实用性理论和方法技术.      

Trace element and REE geochemistry of the Zhewang gold deposit,southeastern Guizhou Province,China

The quartz vein-type gold deposits are widely hosted by the Neoproterozoic （Xiajiang Group） epimeta- morphic clastic rock series in southeastern Guizhou Province, China. The Zhewang gold deposit studied in this paper occurs in the second lithologieal member of the Pinglue Formation of the Xiajiang Group. Trace element geochemis- try of host rocks, quartz veins and arsenopyrite has revealed that ore-forming fluid was enriched in sulphophile ele- ments such as Au, Ag, As, Sb, Pb and Zn, and simultaneously concentrated some magmaphile elements such as W and Mo, which probably provides some evidence for multi-stage mineralization or overprinting of magmatic hydro- therm. Quartz veins and arsenopyrite were characterized by depletion in HFSE and enrichment in LREE. Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La imply that the ore-forming fluid was probably a NaC1-H20 solution system enriched in more C1 than F; Th/U values reflect the strong reducibility of the ore-forming fluid, coincident with the sulfide assemblages. The values of Co/Ni reflect that magmatic fluids may have partly participated in the ore-forming process and Y/Ho values have proved that the ore-forming fluid was associated with metamorphism and exotic hydrotherm which has reformed former quartz veins during late mineralization. The concentrations of REE, Eu anomalies and Ce anomalies of this deposit display that ore-forming elements mainly were derived from host rocks and possibly from a mixed deep source, and the ore-forming fluid was mixed by dominant metamorphic fluid and minor other sources. The physical-chemical conditions of ore-forming fluid changed from the initial stage to the late stage. The metamorphic fluid is responsible for the mineralization. Therefore, the Zhewang gold deposit is classified as a quartz vein-type gold deposit which may have been reformed by magmatic fluids during the late stage.     

贵州喀斯特地区碳酸盐岩表生古菌群落结构及多样性研究——以南江大峡谷为例

为了研究贵州喀斯特地区碳酸盐岩表生古菌群落结构的多样性,应用16S rDNA文库技术,对采集于贵州南江大峡谷的白云岩和石灰岩样品进行基因文库的构建和限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析。用限制性核酸内切酶MspⅠ对两个文库中分别随机挑选的300个阳性克隆子进行酶切分型,白云岩和石灰岩16S rDNA基因文库各得到14和13个基因型,其覆盖率分别为95.4%和91.3%,香农指数分别为2.14和1.93。系统发育分析表明白云岩和石灰岩表生古菌克隆子全部归属于泉古菌门（Crenarchaeota）,代表性克隆与GenBank数据库已有16S rRNA序列的相似性为96%～100%,且最高相似性序列均来源于土壤及岩石环境的未可培养古菌序列。      

基于逆重复m序列信号的岩矿石电性参数采集方法研究

归纳总结了岩矿石电性参数实验过程中激励场源性质与实验装置类型,提出基于伪随机逆重复m序列信号为激励场源的实验方案,进而设计了新的观测装置.发送机产生的伪随机信号序列采用恒流源形式输出,频带宽度为1.0×10-3～1.0×104 Hz;接收机采用FGPA+ARM架构进行数据记录,在对比变频法、2n 伪随机序列与逆重复m序...