青藏高原DEM的生成与应用

数字高程模型（DEM）不仅可以实现三维地形可视化，而且还能由其进一步获得与高程有关的地形要素。针对青藏高原DEM生成和应用过程中碰到的数据量大、区域广阔、应用难度大等问题，本文给出了相应的解决方案，提出一套DEM制作和应用流程：以1：25万地形图矢量等高线数据内插方式生成青藏高原DEM数据，在此基础上，运用Mask处理后相交分析思想与多级金字塔、DEM水淹分析、高程分带等处理技术实现了青藏高原三维地形可视化、三维遥感影像制作、及其它生态地质环境因素的变化分析。基于此方法生成的青藏高原DEM数据，不仅精度高，三维地形可视化效果好，而且解决了海量DEM数据与其它资料综合分析的问题。     

城市地下排水网雨水入流预测模型研究

引入水箱模型进行城市地下排水设施降雨一侵入水的模拟，探讨了初期蓄流值对模拟结果的影响并提出了相应的解决办法；由于模型参数多、非线性，参数的率定采用通用优化分析计算平台PowerFit，并获得了满意的结果，表明：①水箱模型适用于地下排水设施雨洪模拟和预测，可为市政规划设计和城市灾害预报提供可靠依据；②PowerFit全局优化能力强、简单易用，可广泛应用于水利水电等工程领域中的优化计算。     

个旧老-卡岩体接触-凹陷带锡-铜多金属矿地质特征及成因分析

个旧老—卡岩体接触—凹陷带是个旧矿集区最重要的锡-铜多金属成矿构造带,该带中锡、铜矿产资源十分丰富。通过对凹陷带内矿体地质特征、围岩地层含矿性、微量元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素等的研究,结合大地构造环境,结果认为,凹陷带矿体是多种成矿物质来源,经历多种地质作用、多个大地构造演化阶段的多因复成矿床,接触-凹陷带锡-铜矿体形成主要与燕山中晚期花岗岩岩浆作用有关,其次与印支期海底火山-沉积与海底（火山）喷流-热水沉积成矿作用有关。     

X-ray diffraction investigation of native Si-Fe alloy minerals from Luobusha, Tibet

The origin of native Si-Fe alloy mineral is thought to be related with mantle and aerolite. The native Si-Fe alloy minerals from podiform chromites of the Luobusha ophiolite in the Yarlong Zangbo suture zone were examined by a new method for powder-like diffractograms of small single crystals, using an SMART APEX-CCD area-detector X-ray diffractometer. The powder diffraction pattern shows that the minerals are composed of FeSi, FeSi₂, β-FeSi₂ and native silicon. The association of these minerals suggests that the crystallization order of the mineral may be from early to late FeSi→FeSi₂→native silicon, accompanied by gradually increasing deoxidization. Translated from Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2005, 24(5): 453–456 [译自: 岩石矿物学杂志]     

黄土高原大南沟流域非耕地中土壤养分变化

选取黄土高原区大南沟流域非耕地中灌木林地、摞荒地、荒草地、林地土壤养分数据,利用常规数据处理软件进行分析,得出如下结论:(1)水土流失造成摞荒地中土壤养分最低,需要把摞荒地改为灌木林地或林地;(2)磷含量从生长季开始随着时间推移一般呈现逐渐降低趋势,主要是水土流失造成的;(3)改变非耕地土地利用结构,增加地表植被覆盖率;占黄土高原一半以上的非耕地区是环境脆弱区之一,非耕地区土壤养分变化对环境产生重要影响,为土地利用结构的改变和当地的可持续发展提供理论支持.     

沙拐枣属（Calligonum L.）7种植物总DNA提取方法的改进及鉴定

 摸索沙拐枣属（Calligonum L.）七种植物沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. ）、泡果沙拐枣（C. junceum (Fisch. et Mey.) Endl.）、无叶沙拐枣（C. aphyllum (Pall.) Gürke）、红果沙拐枣（C. rubicundum Bge.）、心形沙拐枣（C. cordatum E. Kor. ex N. Pavl.）、密刺沙拐枣(C. densum Borszcz.)、乔木状沙拐枣（C. arborescens Litv.）的总DNA提取方法并对DNA样品的纯度和浓度进行鉴定,对传统的CTAB法进行方法和材料的改进,开展与总DNA相关的PCR扩增和其他遗传学分析,并取得满意的结果。其结果对于沙拐枣属植物的有关研究提供了有效的实验手段。     

双平方根单程波动方程叠前τ偏移方法

本文将常规双平方根（DSR）单程波动方程从深度域变换到双程垂直走时（τ）域，由此推导出可从数学上实现“沉降观测”的单程波DSR传播算子. 其递归波场延拓算法包含波数域针对常速背景的相移处理和空间域针对横向速度扰动的相位校正，可以应对上覆地层速度横向变化对构造成像的影响. 结合零炮检距、零时间成像条件，提出了在τ域进行波场延拓与成像的DSR方程叠前偏移新方法. 为了克服其全三维偏移算法在实际应用中可能面临的困难，本文采用稳相近似，在crossline常炮检距偏移理论基础上推导了实用的共方位角叠前τ偏移方法. 数值试验表明，DSR方程叠前τ偏移在强横向非均匀介质中的成像精度与分辨率优于传统的时间域成像技术.     

Deriving Acceleration from DGPS: Toward Higher Resolution Applications of Airborne Gravimetry

Although airborne gravimetry is now considered a fully operational technique, errors due to motion compensation using differential GPS (DGPS) continue to influence both its accuracy and the range of applications in which it can be used. In typical medium-resolution applications such as airborne geoid mapping, errors due to DGPS contribute considerably to the error budget of an airborne gravity system. At the same time, efforts to increase the resolution of such systems for demanding applications such as resource exploration remain impedded by errors in DGPS. This article has three objectives. The first one is to compare eight industrially relevant DGPS software packages for the determination of aircraft acceleration. The second objective is to analyze and quantify the effect that each relevant portion of the DGPS error budget has on the determination of acceleration. Using data sets that represent a wide range of operational conditions, this is done in the frequency domain over a range of frequencies corresponding to spatial resolution as high as 450 m. The third objective is to use that information to recommend and demonstrate approaches that optimize the estimation of aircraft acceleration for determining the geoid and for resource exploration. It is shown, for example, that the time of day in which the survey is carried out and the dynamic characteristics of the aircraft being used are two of the most crucial parameters for very high-resolution gravity field estimation. It is demonstrated that when following the above-mentioned recommendations, agreements with ground daa of better than 1.5 and 2.5 mGal can be achieved for spatial resolutions (half-wavelengths) of 2.0 and 1.4 km, respectively. ? 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

带权约束参数平差在工程控制网优化中的应用

介绍用带权约束平差原理编制的工程控制网试验修正法设计和平差程序,并用于设计工程导线和平差变形观测控制网等实际工程的例子,据此提供一些结论和建议.