基于自发地理信息的人行道路信息提取

人类的行为轨迹可快速提取到车辆难以通行的人行道路以及人行道路设施等信息,这些信息是行人LBS的关键性元素,它的完备性程度决定了行人LBS服务质量的高低。本文使用志愿者数据集与百度地图,研究了一整套基于VGI数据的人行道路信息提取方法。通过轨迹数据清洗、道路几何路网提取、人行道路设施的检测与识别3个主要板块实现了人行道路信息的提取。算法在完成道路几何路网信息提取的同时,实现了人行横道、过街天桥、地下通道等道路设施信息的获取。     

GPS天线相位中心校正对GRACE卫星精密定轨的影响

使用GRACE卫星星载GPS观测数据,研究地面获取的先验PCV模型和利用残差法估计的在轨PCV模型对低轨卫星精密定轨的影响,并采用GFZ精密轨道对比和SLR检核手段对其进行评估。结果表明,使用先验PCV模型会降低GRACE卫星定轨精度,相反利用在轨PCV模型可以提高定轨精度,提升数量级可达mm级。     

非等间距GM(1,1)模型的总体最小二乘算法及其病态问题

在非等间距GM(1,1)模型中,系数矩阵中有无误差的常数项和有误差的随机项,并且系数矩阵与观测向量误差同源,即系数矩阵与观测向量中有相同的元素存在,这些相同元素应该有相同的改正数,为此本文推导了一种适合非等间距GM(1,1)模型求解的总体最小二乘算法。同时,考虑到非等间距GM(1,1)模型中存在病态问题时影响总体最小二乘计算结果的稳定性,提出对系数矩阵常数列乘以某一常数的方法,以改善病态问题。     

Laboratory Experiments on an Internal Solitary Wave over a Triangular Barrier

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution of interfacial internal solitary waves(ISWs) incident on a triangular barrier. ISWs with different amplitudes were generated by gravitational collapse. The ISW energy dissipation and turbulence processes were calculated as waves passed over the triangular barrier. Experimental results showed that ISWs were reflecting back off the triangular barrier, and shoaling ISWs led to wave breaking and mixing when waves propagated over the obstacle. Wave instability created the dissipation of energy as it was transmitted from waves to turbulence. The rate of ISW energy dissipation, the maximum turbulent dissipation, and the buoyancy diffusivity linearly increased with the increase in the incident wave energy.     

Reverse-Time Migration of Converted S-Waves of Varying Densities

Ocean-Bottom Node(OBN) acquisitions provide both non-converted and converted reflection energy. There is a clear advantage to independently imaging both P-and S-waves, as they provide more information collectively than either does alone. In many conventional converted-wave pre-stack migration algorithms, density is treated as a constant, which is not the real-life case on earth. S-wave velocity and density information is crucial for hydrocarbon detection because it helps in the identification of porefilling fluids. In this paper, we focused on the effect of density on imaging, and developed a method of reverse-time migration(RTM) on converted s-waves of varying densities(VD-RTMCS). Phase correction was required prior to pre-stack migration to avoid constructive interference between data from adjacent sources. Synthetic data examples showed that when density variations were included, image profiles showed advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, vertical resolution and imaging of complex structures.     

Compression characteristics of saturated re-compacted glacial tills in Tianmo Gully of Tibet,China

Glacial tills are highly compressible soils composed of loosely cemented sandy silt particles. Their role, for instance, as initial filler materials in geo-technical projects along temperate glacier regions warrant a systematic evaluation of their compressive characteristics. As such, we carry out a series of onedimensional compression tests on re-compacted glacial till samples obtained from Tianmo Gully, Tibet, with the aims of evaluating their compressive behavior under controlled initial stress conditions. The yield stress was determined from the void ratio versus consolidation pressure(e-log) planes. Its compression and swelling behaviors were observed during the primary and secondary compressions of the consolidation tests. From the compression curves, a correlation can be found between the consolidation stress and the void index. In addition, we find that the compression curves of glacial tills collapse into a single curve when normalized by the compression index. The experimental results in this study provide a basic understanding of the compression characteristics of the glacial tills in Tibet, China.     

Fish Assemblage Responses to a Low-head Dam Removal in the Lancang River

Dam removal is becoming an effective approach for aquatic biodiversity restoration in damming river in order to balance the aquatic ecosystem conservation with large-scale cascade damming. However, the effects of dam removal on fish communities in Asian mountainous rivers, which are dominated by Cypriniformes fishes, are still not well known. To determine whether dam removal on a mountainous river benefit restoration of fish diversity, we investigated the response of fish assemblage to dam removal using a before-after-control-impact design in two tributaries of the Lancang River(dam removal river: the Jidu River, and control river: the Fengdian River). Fish surveys were conducted one year prior to dam removal(2012) and three years(2013–2015) following dam removal. We observed rapidly and notably spatio-temporal changes in fish biodiversity metrics and assemblage structure, occurring in the Jidu River within the first year after dam removal. Overall, fish species richness, density and Shannon-Wiener diversity all increased immediately in above-and below-dam sites, and maintained a stable level in subsequent years, compared to unchanged situation in the control river. All sites in the Jidu River experienced shifts in fish composition after dam removal, with the greatest temporal changes occurred in sites below-and above-the former dam, resulting in a temporal homogenization tendency in the dam removed river. These findings suggest that dam removal can benefit the recovery of habitat conditions and fish community in Asian mountainous rivers, but the results should be further evaluated when apply to other dammed rivers since the dam age, fluvial geomorphology and situation of source populations could all affect the responses of fish assemblages.     

Cu在TaN(111)表面团聚行为的分子动力学模拟

原子层沉积(ALD) 是下一代超大规模集成电路的首选工艺, 但是Cu籽晶层在阻挡层上的团聚限制了ALD工艺在半导体工业中的应用.目前对Cu在阻挡层TaN表面的团聚机理和行为还缺乏足够的理论认识, 为此利用第一性原理密度泛函理论(DFT) 对不同覆盖度下Cu原子在TaN (111) 表面的吸附能和电荷转移进行了研究, 结果显示, Cu在TaN (111) 表面的吸附强度随着Cu覆盖度的增加而减弱.利用从头算分子动力学模拟了500K温度下Cu单分子层在TaN (111) 表面的吸附动力学行为, 结果表明, 在这一典型的ALD温度下, Cu层在TaN (111) 表面发生团聚, 与实验中的观察结果相符.      

斜压海洋能量传递对风场的响应

风是海水运动的重要动力因素,也是海洋内部的主要能量来源.本文在应用陆架海洋模式HAMSOM对东中国海海水运动进行数值模拟的基础上,通过傅里叶变换、旋转谱分析等研究方法,对风向海洋的能量输运进行研究.研究结果显示,风场向海洋输运的最有效途径是风杨扰动量与流场扰动量的相互作用;惯性能量主要来源于海洋表层,由风场提供,向下传递;而潮频率能量大部分来自海底的内潮与底地形相互作用,向上传递.     

基于FLUENT的海洋内孤立波数值水槽模拟

基于FLUENT商业软件及其二次开发功能,在标准κ-ε湍流模型下,采用VOF方法追踪两层流体内界面,通过给定入口速度和水位的设置造波边界法,建立了可有效模拟弱非线性内孤立渡的分层流数值水槽,并与仿物理的双板造波方法进行了比较.采用设置边界法所造的波形与理论值符合较好,这为数值分析内孤立渡与海洋结构物相互作用问题提供了一条更加有效的途径.