信息时代地图技术美的研究与实践

通过分析现代地图表现形式及存在的问题，探讨了信息时代地图制图技术美的含义和地图技术美的表现形式。并在技术美创新理念指导下，对利用计算机技术和图形图像处理技术来改进地图符号设计，提高地图表现力进行了一些理论探讨和技术尝试．同时也得到了一些有益的启示。     

Study of statistically correcting model CMAQ-MOS for forecasting regional air quality

Based on analysis of the air pollution observational data at 8 observation sites in Beijing including outer suburbs during the period from September 2004 to March 2005, this paper reveals synchronal and in-phase characteristics in the spatial and temporal variation of air pollutants on a city-proper scale at deferent sites; describes seasonal differences of the pollutant emission influence between the heating and non-heating periods, also significantly local differences of the pollutant emission influence between the urban district and outer suburbs, i.e. the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutant is closely related with that of the pollutant emission intensity. This study shows that due to complexity of the spatial and temporal distribution of pollution emission sources, the new generation Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model developed by the EPA of USA produced forecasts, as other models did, with a systematic error of significantly lower than observations, albeit the model has better capability than previous models had in predicting the spatial distribution and variation tendency of multi-sort pollutants. The reason might be that the CMAQ adopts average amount of pollutant emission inventory, so that the model is difficult to objectively and finely describe the distribution and variation of pollution emission sources intensity on different spatial and temporal scales in the areas, in which the pollution is to be forecast. In order to correct the systematic prediction error resulting from the average pollutant emission inventory in CMAQ, this study proposes a new way of combining dynamics and statistics and establishes a statistically correcting model CMAQ-MOS for forecasts of regional air quality by utilizing the relationship of CMAQ outputs with corresponding observations, and tests the forecast capability. The investigation of experiments presents that CMAQ-MOS reduces the systematic errors of CMAQ because of the uncertainty of pollution emission inventory and improves the forecast level of air quality. Also this work employed a way of combining point and area forecasting, i.e. taking the products of CMAQ for a center site to forecast air pollution for other sites in vicinity with the scheme of model products "reanalysis" and average over the "area".     

Delayed geochemical hazard: Concept, digital model and case study

Delayed Geochemical Hazard (DGH briefly) presents the whole process of a kind of serious ecological and environmental hazard caused by sudden reactivation and sharp release of long-term accumulated pollutant from stable species to active ones in soil or sediment system due to the change of physical-chemical conditions (such as temperature, pH, Eh, moisture, the concentrations of organic matters, etc.) or the decrease of environment capacity. The characteristics of DGH are discussed. The process of a typical DGH can be expressed as a nonlinear polynomial. The points where the derivative functions of the first and second orders of the polynomial reach zero, minimum and maximum are keys for risk assessment and harzard pridication.The process and mechanism of the hazard is due to the transform of pollutant among different species principally. The concepts of "total releasable content of pollutant", TRCP, and "total concentration of active specie", TCAS, are necessarily defined to describe the mechanism of DGH. The possibility of the temporal and spatial propagation is discussed. Case study shows that there exists a transform mechanism of "gradual release" and "chain reaction" among the species of the exchangeable and the bounds to carbonate, iron and manganese oxides and organic matter, thus causing the delayed geochemical hazard.     

沙坡头没蒿和柠条叶片δ13C 和 N 含量的季节变化特征

通过对腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头人工固沙区油蒿和柠条叶片稳定碳同位素分辨率（△）和N 含量的测定，研究了不同种植方式下油蒿和柠条叶片△ 和 N 含量的季节变化及其关系。结果表明：在不同种植方式下，两种植物的△ 与 N 含量在不同月份之间均存在显著差异。油蒿叶片 △ 极显著高于柠条的：在不同种植方式下，油蒿单种下 △ 显著高于混种，柠条则反之。 油蒿叶片 N 含量极显著低于柠条的：不同种植方式下柠条叶片 N 含量无显著差异，而单种油蒿叶片 N 含量则显著低于混种。在 △ 与 N 含量的关系中，柠条叶片 △ 与 N 在两种生境、单种和混种下均极显著正相关，雨明柠条叶片 N 含量可以作为其 △ 与 N 含量的季节变化及其关系在不同微生境有所差异。     

山西省平陆县关西沟一带铜铅锌多金属矿利用θ函数处理数据找矿研究

文章以关西沟矿区为试验区（矿区西部为已知矿带），对全矿区进行了1：10000水系沉积物测量，通过对元素迁移过程的主要因素分析和产在同一地形类的多基元景观的共生组合分析，编制出组合元素组，计算θ函数值，利用θ函数值圈定异常，作为判断矿致异常和非矿异常的依据。布设了5条岩石剖面，以进行异殿堂检查，除西部异常带与已知矿化带对应外，在中部发现了铅异常带，在东部发现了铜异常带，进一步证实了应用θ函数处理数据的方法可获得用以指导找矿的重要信息。     

Multi-dimensional Seismic Response Analysis of Base-Isolated Frame Structure with 3D Isolator

INTRODUCTIONAs a new and effective method for withstandingthe horizontal component of earthquake motion on abuilding structure, the base isolation technique hascome to the engineering application phase ( Hu,1988). However, for some important buildings andfoundation facilities in an earthquake region, it is im portant to consider the effects of 3D aseismatic analy sis, including the vertical component, due to themulti dimensional characteristics of earthquakes (Suand …     

西藏自治区乃东县劣布铜矿综合地质特征

文章介绍区域地质背景、矿区地物化特征，对成矿时代、流体包裹体特征进行初步研究，并指出找矿远景，希望对矿区的矿产勘查具有借鉴和指导意义。     

太原盆地地下水资源模拟研究

山西省太原盆地由于地下水长期超采,引发了地下水降落漏斗、地面沉降等环境地质问题。通过GMS建立地下水水流三维数值模型,基于模型预测了现状开采条件下地下水水位的变化趋势,并提出合理利用地下水资源的措施,为地下水资源的优化管理提供科学依据。     

基于小波包变换特征向量提取的隐蔽水声通信性能评价方法研究

针对水声通信系统的隐蔽性缺乏客观、有效的评价手段,提出一种基于小波包变换提取信号特征向量并比较特征向量相似度的信号隐蔽性评价算法。为了区别截获信号和环境噪声,考虑从能量分布特征的角度,提取截获信号的特征参数。所提算法利用小波包变换具有更高的时频分辨率、自适应选择频带等特点,获取信号的小波包能量占比、小波包能量熵、小波包尺度熵,采用上述 3 个特征参数组成特征向量和利用余弦相似度算法判别信号隐蔽性。仿真实验和海试结果表明,所提方法得到的信号隐蔽性能基本符合实际信号隐蔽性能随信噪比变化规律,为隐蔽水声通信系统评估设计和水声对抗性能评级提供有效参考。     

基于多模态感知的水下目标检测应用构想

水下目标检测在海洋生物研究、考古探索、军事防御等多领域广泛应用,随着人工智能快速发展,水下目标检测也朝着无人化、智能化发展。深度学习采用神经网络挖掘信息特征,在速度和精度上均表现出优异的性能,成为了计算机视觉技术的主流算法,然而水下环境复杂,将其应用于水下图像目标检测仍存在较大的挑战。水下目标各模态信息互补,特征丰富,有利于目标检测识别,因此结合应用场景调研现有技术,然后设计基于深度学习的多模态水下目标检测系统,同时对比分析了现有关键技术的优缺点,最后对多模态目标检测系统未来发展进行总结与展望,具有重要意义。