地气测量研究现状及其影响因素

地气测量是寻找深部隐伏矿床的一种化探新方法,目前这一方法已在许多国家和地区应用并迅速发展.作者着重综述了地气测量的研究历史、现状及存在的问题,指出了季节的变化、土壤中氢氧化铁及温度与pH值对纳米微粒的吸附作用等问题,是地气测量效果的显著影响因素.     

考虑地形运动学边界条件的斜压大气发展倾向计算

本文讨论在大范围高空温压场的斜压发展短期数值预报中考虑地形运动学边界条件的具体方法,并用张弛法计算了二个实例的高度倾向.计算结果说明在天山阿尔泰山一带地形变高在700mb 上可以大到70—80米/24小时,下层更大,是需要考虑的.但是由于地面风决定的困难,还需要考虑改进模式,在高速电子数学计算机上大量试验,才能在日常预报中使用.     

摩擦层中湍流系数

摩擦层中湍流系数,利用风标的分布,可以测定之。1902年,爱克曼创立了摩擦层中风标螺线,利用风标螺线,可以测定摩擦层中的湍流系数。1953年,莱赫特曼考虑了气压场随高度的变化,即热成风的因素,获得了良好的结果。但是,莱赫特曼公式之应用,只限定于恒态吹流,或恒态均匀温压场的条件之下,方能准确使用。这样是在一般情况之下难以满足的。关于摩擦层非恒态问题,1947年赵九章、裘碧克曾经讨论过。本文仅就非恒态湍流系数测定问题予以进一步探讨。并得到了较有广泛意义之公式。而莱赫特曼公式,系属温压场恒态,温压场中温度、压力梯度在均匀情况之下,该公式之特解。爱克曼范式,系属气压场稳定,温度梯度恒态为零时,该公式之特解。这样,该公式的计算,使得湍流系数测定工作精确化和广泛化。 最后,本文作了一些实际资料的计算与分析,和讨论在自然环境中湍流系数的变化。     

地转气流中的重力惯性内波

本文用一个一维线性的二层模式,分析了地转气流中重力惯性内波的动力学性质。讨论了重力惯性内波的不稳定性、相速度和群速度后,指出: 1)当地转风速大于重力内波波速时,某些尺度的重力惯性内波可以产生不稳定性,这种不稳定性可以用来解释某些中系统的发展。 2)某些波长的重力惯性内波,它的群速度可以大于相速度;因此在某一地区有中系统发展时,它的能量可以很快地传到下游,而在某下游产生新的系统。     

对流发展局部气象条件的初步理论分析

分析了线性化后的小尺度动力学方程组出现不稳定解的条件,从而讨论了对流发展的局部天气条件,指出盛行风的垂直二次切变是一个稳定因子。同时指出,大范围对流云成排出现与风速垂直二次切变的存在有关。     

流式细胞术对微微型浮游植物识别初探

利用流式细胞术对东、黄海水域中微微型浮游植物进行识别测量的初步探讨，实验结果表明，可以直接利用细胞内含有的不同色素，经氩离子激光器488nm波长的蓝光激发产生的自发荧光，通过FACScan流式细胞仪进行识别，进一步的研究可以建立近岸生物群体分布和丰度研究的实验分析方法。     

On the Triassic Stratigraphy of Szechuan

正 Since the illuminating study on the Mesozoic stratigraphy of Szechuan by C. Y. Lee [40] and the valuable contributions by T. Y. Hsu [26-32], much light has been thrown upon the Triassic stratigraphy and palaeontology of that region.     

On the Occurrence of Melonechinus in Kuangsi, China

正 This short paper is meant to record the discovery of the interesting genus, Melonechinus, in eastern Kuangsi, China. It is well known that most species of the genus are found in the St. Louis limestone of the Meramec group in North     

ESTIMATION OF SOIL EROSION IN A RESERVOIR WATERSHED USING ^137CS FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDE

Sedimentation from soil erosion is a critical reservoir watershed management issue. Due to the difficulty of field investigations, empirical formulas are commonly used to estimate the soil erosion rate. However, these estimations are often far from accurate. An effective alternative to estimating soil erosion is to analyze the spatial variation of 137Cs inventory in the soil. 137Cs can be adsorbed by the soil and is widely assumed to change its distribution only when disturbed by rainfall and human activities. Thus, 137Cs distributed in soils can be a useful environmental tracer to estimate soil erosion. In this study, the net soil loss estimate is 108,346 t/yr and the gross erosion and net erosion rates are 10.1 and 9 t/ha yr respectively. The sediment delivery ratio is therefore estimated to be 0.9 based on the two erosion rates. Because of the steep hillsides in the watershed, only 10% of the sediment yield stayed in the deposition sites and 90% was transported to the river as the sediment output. Soil erosion estimates from spatial variations of the 137Cs activity in the Baishi river watershed showed satisfactory accuracy when compared to sediment yield data. Using soil 137Cs concentrations is therefore a feasible method for estimating soil loss or deposition in Taiwan. Data sampling, analysis and result of this approach are given in this paper.