农牧交错带水土流失的危害及其成因--以内蒙古四子王旗为例

农牧交错带位于我国北方半湿润农业区和半干旱、干旱牧业区接壤的过渡地带,是环境演变的敏感地带;其生态环境具有很强的脆弱性和过渡性,波动性大,极易受到干扰,导致生态系统的破坏和环境质量下降,水土流失是其中最突出问题之一;文章讨论了内蒙古四子王旗东南部的水土流失及其危害,探讨了其成因,认为自然环境本身的不稳定性、人类生产活动的波动性和不合理性与气候要素、地理环境的恶劣性相叠加,是导致该区水土流失和人民生活贫困的主要根源。     

沉降控制复合桩基的试验研究及适用范围探讨

沉降控制复合桩基在上海软土地区得到了广泛的应用,但某住宅小区由于其地质条件的特殊性,不能满足上海市< 地基基础设计规范>(DGJ08-11-1999)中沉降控制复合桩基对桩端持力层的特定要求,超出了其适用范围,通过多组原位试验研究,探讨了沉降控制复合桩基在这种特殊地质条件下桩土共同作用的工作机理,分析了在这种地质条件下应用沉降控制复合桩基的可行性.     

区域生态环境评价中宏观评价指标和工作方法简介

应用遥感技术和地理信息系统的手段及方法，拟定出一套较完善、系统的生态环境宏观评价指标，并编制景观生态类型图，指出该方法可以快速、廉价地开展区域环境评价。     

Joint multivariate statistical model and its applications to synthetic earthquake predic-tion

IntroductionSeismologistsinChinahaveestablishedmanyseismologicalmethodsandearthquakepredic-tionfactorsintheearthquakeforecastpracticesinthelastthirtyyears.Atpresent,morethanonehundredseismometricfactorsareusedinthemedium-termandmedium-short-termearthquakepredictions,suchastheb-valuetomirrorthestressstateandthedistributiondegreeofthemedium,themf-valuetoexpressiftheseismicactivityisincreasedornot(WANG,etal,1994),thequanti-tativeparameterA(b)todescribetheseismicactivitiesinadistrict(WU,CAO,19…     

Deep seismic reflection profiling revealing the complex crustal structure of the Tongling ore district

Deep seismic reflection profiling has been the dominant method for probing the deep structure of continental crust since the initiation of the COCORP in 1974[1,2]. Over the past few decades, this tool has been applied to diverse geologic features from the Appalachian area of the United States, to the Rhine-graben area in Western Europe and to the Tibetan Pla-teau[36]. In recent years, the Australian Geodynamic Cooperative Research Center ( AGCRC ) has applied this technique to the stu…     

断层破碎带对非发震断层场地地震动的影响

运用动接触单元对断层场地中的非发震断层的实际运动状态进行了模拟，并结合有限元模型分析了断层场地中非发震断层对场地地震动的影响。通过计算和比较无摩擦力、有摩擦力和无断层三种工况，探讨了动接触单元模拟非发震断层的合理性。计算中还考虑了断层破碎带及断层破碎带土的一些性质，结果表明考虑断层破碎带的存在对于地震动是有影响的。同时还指出，在研究实际非发震断层对场地地震动影响时，应具体考虑场地诸因素的复杂性。     

南水北调西线一期工程区断层活动性及工程地质评价

南水北调西线一期工程位于青藏高原东部的边缘地带,海拔3 500 m以上,地质条件复杂,断层密集分布,褶皱强烈发育,构造活动频繁.通过ETM卫星影像和野外考察分析了工程引水隧洞线路区断层的空间分布及活动特征.工程区以桑日麻断裂、鲜水河断裂和甘德南断裂等对工程的影响最大,是潜在的发震断裂.深埋长引水隧洞在较高地应力作用下,软弱围岩及宽大断层带物质易产生大变形和长期流变.引水线路区褶皱、断层构造发育,有利于地下水富集、运移.在静、动水压力下,引水隧洞穿过断层及破碎带时易发生涌水、碎屑流和坍塌等地质灾害.     

梅子沟联拱隧道中导洞锚喷支护FLAC模拟研究

梅子沟联拱隧道处于复杂的浅埋地层环境中,其穿越地层多数为强风化与全风化地层.根据联拱隧道动态设计施工的实质内容和新奥法施工原理,采用三维有限元差分法(FLAC)对梅子沟隧道中导洞锚喷支护设计进行了力学响应动态模拟,并分析了锚喷支护机理以及围岩体应力场和位移变形状况,由此提出了联拱隧道合理的施工工序.     

出现于β-A1_2TiO_5的固相合成及热分解过程中的待定归属相

在由-αA l2O3和T iO2合成-βA 12T iO5时,文献报道有待定归属相(称作x相)先于-βA 12T iO5出现在煅烧后的混合物内,该x相表现出中间产物相特征,据说它在混合物内的含量随煅烧温度升高而增大,1 400℃时出现-βA 12T iO5,且x相与未转化反应物均转变成-βA 12T iO5。研究煅烧共凝胶法前驱体制备-βA 12T iO5的固相反应以及-βA 12T iO5的热分解过程,以了解该待定归属相的生成、演变规律。同文献报道的x相相比该相的初始生成温度、转化为-βA 12T iO5的温度均有明显降低,1 150℃煅烧共凝胶法前驱体所获产物的XRD图谱(18°≤2θ≤58°)内出现3个归属该x相的衍射峰,它们的峰中心分别位于2θ=41.2,°44.0,°24.9°(按相对峰强大小排列)。M gO掺杂使该x相与少量-βA 12T iO5相共同出现于1 150℃及1 200℃煅烧物内。1 250℃煅烧使该相失稳,转变为-βA 12T iO5,同时使未转化的金红石、-αA l2O3完成固相反应。对比表明x相的转变温度具有阈值特征,前驱体的微细化使之大大降低。本研究首次发现,伴随-βA 12T iO5在1 100℃下的热分解,该待定归属相重新出现,说明该相随热过程条件改变具有生成-消亡-重新生成的可逆性。它的消亡及重新生成体现出同-βA 12T iO5此消彼长的相关性。它应该是除-βA 12T iO5、A 12T i7O15以外的第三种铝、钛复合氧化物。     

Seasonal variations of gravity waves revealed in rawinsonde data at Pohang,Korea

Summary Seasonal variations of gravity wave characteristics are investigated using rawinsonde data observed at Pohang observatory, Korea (36°2′N, 129°23′E) during the one-year period of 1998. Analysis is carried out for two atmospheric layers representing the troposphere (2–9 km) and stratosphere (17–30 km). There exist clear seasonal variations in amplitudes of temperature and wind perturbations and wave energy in the stratosphere, with their maxima in wintertime and minima in summertime. A strong correlation is found between the wave activity and the strength of the jet stream, but there is no clear correlation between the wave activity and the vertical gradient of static stability. The intrinsic frequency and vertical and horizontal wavelengths of gravity waves in the stratosphere are 2f–3f, where f is the Coriolis parameter, and 2–3 km and 300–500 km, respectively. The intrinsic phase velocity directs westward in January and northeastward in July. The vertical flux of the stratospheric zonal momentum is mostly negative except in summertime with a maximum magnitude in January. Topography seems to be a major source of stratospheric gravity waves in wintertime. Convection can be a source of gravity waves in summertime, but it is required to know convective sources at nearby stations, due to their intermittency and locations relative to floating balloons.