“3S”技术在四川生态环境动态监测中的应用研究

为有效实现四川省生态环境的动态监测,运用RS、GIS和GPS技术,以2004年中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02)遥感影像数据为信息源,2000年TM遥感影像解译的数据为基础,对2004年遥感影像进行解译,修改2000年数据库;手持GPS接收机,在野外对解译成果进行验证,更新数据库;利用GIS技术的空间分析功能,提取出2000～2004年期间土地利用/覆被变化信息,得到2000～2004年期间四川省高精度的土地利用/覆被变化数据库。最后对四川省土地利用/覆被变化信息进行分析,对四川省生态环境的下一步研究指名了方向。     

Tephra Discovered in High Resolution Peat Sediment and Its Indication to Climatic Event

Floating tephra was deposited together with ice core,snow layer,abyssal sediment,lake sediments,and other geological records.It is of great significance to interpret the impact on the climate change of volcanic eruptions from these geological records.It is the first time that volcanic glass was discovered from the peat of Jinchuan(金川)Maar,Jilin(吉林)Province,China.And it is in situ sediments from a near-source explosive eruption according to particle size analysis and identification results.The tephra were neither from Tianchi(天池)volcano eruptions,Changbai(长白)Mountain,nor from Jinlongdingzi(金龙顶子)volcano about 1 600 aBP eruption,but maybe from an unknown eruption of Longgang(龙岗)volcano group according to their geochemistry and distribution.Geochemical characters of the tephra are similar to those of Jingiongdingzi,which are poor in s.Jica,deficient in alkali,Na20 content is more than K20 content,and are similar to distribution patterns of REE and incompatible elements,which helps to speculate that they originated from the same mantle magma with rare condemnation,and from basaltic explosive eruption of Longgang volcano group.The tephra,from peat with age proved that the eruption possibly happened in 15 BC-26 AD,is one of Longgang volcano group eruption that was not recorded and is earlier than that of Jinglongdingzi about 1 600 aBP eruption.And the sedimentary time of tephra is during the period of low temperature alteration.which may be the influence of eruption toward the local climate according to the correlativity of eruption to local temperature curve of peat cellulose oxygen isotope.     

空间智能:地理信息科学的新进展

在总结多年来研究GIS智能计算的理论与实践基础上,提出地理信息科学发展的新方向:空间智能.空间智能强调发现与应用空间模式,以增强GIS处理复杂数据和解决复杂问题的能力.空间智能主要的技术体系由空间分析、空间优化和空间模拟三大模块构成,其技术基础包括空间统计与索引、智能代理、高级启发式,以及数学规划等系列智能技术.由于空间智能融合了机器学习、统计分析和人工智能等多个学科理论,面向解决实际工程需求中大量存在的复杂时空问题,因此理论上具有广阔的发展空间,实践上也有重大的应用需求.随着空间智能体系的完善和技术的进一步成熟,它将在实际应用中具有巨大的价值.     

频谱分析在虎门大桥动态监测中的应用研究

采用了频谱分析法对虎门跨海悬索大桥进行安全监测,通过利用GPS RTK技术方法获取虎门大桥在台风激励下的动态监测数据,对动态监测数据进行时程分析和频谱分析,获取虎门悬索大桥的振动特性,得到了大桥的运营特征和实时位移特征.     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

民和盆地上侏罗-下白垩统储层特征及影响因素分析

民和盆地储怪物性较差,普遍具有低孔、低渗或低孔、特低渗的物性特征,通过对上侏罗—下白垩统储集层的沉积相特征、砂体展布、岩石结构类型、物性特征及期影响因素的系统分析,发现高地温场、成岩过程中的压实与胶结作用是造成盆地物性差的主要原因.古埋藏浅、次生孔隙发育、易形成裂缝的环凹陷周缘斜坡带及凹中继承性隆起带储层物性相对有利,为盆地下步勘探目标优选的有利领域.     

The distribution and geological significance of carbazole compounds in Silurian paleo-pools of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China

The results presented in this paper indicated that the carbazole-type compounds have high thermal stability and also show stability in oxidation and bio-degradation. This kind of compounds still has high concentrations and a complete distribution in the analyzed dry asphalt samples, showing that they are particularly useful in the study of hydrocarbon migration of the paleo-pools. The difference in the contents of nitrogen compounds in the Silurian dry asphalts from the Awati, Tabei and Tazhong areas is attributed to the difference in the extent of oxidation and （or） bio-degradation for the areas; the Awati and Tabei areas underwent relatively strong oxidation and bio-degradation. During the first stage of hydrocarbon pool formation in the Silurian system in the Tazhong and Tabei areas of the Tarim Basin （at the end of the Silurian period） and at the second stage in the Awati area （in Permian）, the hydrocarbons experienced a long-distance migration.     

基于圆增长特征的点状要素群选取算法

控制点、独立地物等在地图上呈点群状表达,如何高效、合理地实现此类要素的自动综合是地图多尺度表达的重要问题。文中在前人研究的基础上,提出一种基于圆增长特征的点状要素群结构化选取算法,实现点状要素群的自动选取。其基本原理是：根据一个点与其周围点重要性程度的比较来确定该点删除与否,从而确保其拓扑关系和几何信息的正确性。实验证明：该算法实用、有效。     

基于Auto CAD的规划电子报批系统

城市建设项目的申报和审批是城市规划管理的重要环节,介绍基于AutoCAD的城市规划电子报批系统的设计与实现。系统将属性数据存贮于图形的扩展属性中,以实现空间数据和属性数据的一体化,并在此基础上实现属性输入、技术经济指标表自动生成、GIS数据输出等功能。     

珲春中部土壤常量元素地球化学特征

采用XRF-X荧光光谱法,研究了吉林省珲春中部常量元素在表层土壤中的含量以及在土壤剖面中的迁移分布等土壤地球化学特征.结果表明:表层土壤中MgO(0.85%)、CaO(0.95%)的含量平均值低于全国土壤平均值(分别为1.8%和3.2%),Fe2O3(3.41%)、K2O(2.61%)、Al2O3(13.33%)、SiO2(69.25%)含量平均值与全国平均值基本相当(分别为3.40%,2.50%,12.60%和65.00%),Na2O(1.83%)含量平均值高于全国平均值(1.60%).暗棕壤和白浆土两种类型土壤剖面常量元素组成差别不大,在垂向上呈现出不同的规律性.Sa、Saf和ba指标反映出暗棕壤土壤的风化淋溶度略强于白浆土,在剖面不同层次上,随土壤深度的增加,Sa和Saf呈现下降的趋势,而表层土壤的ba值比深层土壤高.