基于层次分析法的南麂列岛海域人工鱼礁社会效果评价

人工鱼礁建设具有生态效果、经济效果和社会效果。为科学指导人工鱼礁的建设方向,进一步促进海洋牧场建设以及海洋渔业资源和海洋生态环境的可持续发展,文章采用改进的层次分析法,从人工鱼礁与社会的适应性、对社会环境的影响、对社会生活的影响以及对其他行业发展的影响4个方面,选取政策符合性等10个评价指标,通过问卷调查的方式,对南麂列岛海域人工鱼礁的社会效果进行评价,填补该研究领域的空白。研究结果表明:根据各评价指标的权重和效果判定值,南麂列岛海域人工鱼礁产生了较好的社会效果,其中海洋生态环境、项目长远性、改善渔民生活质量和海洋捕捞业等指标发挥作用较大;未来将开展长期和连续的调查研究,提高评价可信度。     

气候变化背景下海南东寨港红树林生态系统的脆弱性评估

鉴于红树林生态系统对气候变化背景下海平面上升和极端台风事件有高度敏感性,应用1980—2018年的海洋大气观测资料和实地调查数据,分析了海口东寨港地区的海平面、温度和台风最大风速的变化特征,并基于IPCC气候变化综合风险的理论框架,构建了"暴露度-敏感性-适应性"的脆弱性评价指标体系和估算方法,评估了海平面上升和台风事件背景下东寨港红树林生态系统的脆弱性主要特征。结果显示:①东寨港红树林生态系统的致灾影响因子主要为该地区沿海海平面的快速上升,其上升速率可达4. 6 mm/a,远高于全球和中国沿海平均值;其次为1993年之前和2006年之后,在海口地区250 km范围内出现的热带气旋或台风事件;②东寨港红树林脆弱性指数的平均值为0. 31,属于中度脆弱等级,其中三江片区的红树林脆弱性相对最高,演丰片区最低。构建的评价指标体系可较好地反映出海平面快速上升和热带气旋或台风影响下红树林生态系统的脆弱性特征。     

Spatio-temporal variability of small fishes related with environmental factors in a typical domestic tap water lake,Eastern China

The knowledge of prey small ?sh stock, distribution and abundance is necessary to guide stocking of piscivorous ?sh for the biomanipulation in domestic tap water lakes. This study describes the current status of small ?sh community in Kuilei Lake(China), and examines the spatial and seasonal variations of the community in relation to key environmental factors. Based on submerged macrophyte cover and water depth, the lake was divided into ?ve major habitats:(1) macrophyte covered shallow habitat of water depth< 2.00 m,(2) uncovered or less-covered shallow habitat(2.00 m–3.50 m),(3) uncovered medium shallow habitat(3.50 m–5.00 m),(4) uncovered medium deep habitat(5.00 m–6.50 m) and(5) uncovered deep habitat(6.50 m–8.50 m). The abundance and composition of small ?sh were monitored by benthic fykenet sampling from April 2013 to January 2014. A total of 2881 individuals belonging to 5 families and 21 species were collected. Based on their abundance(accounted for 88.96% of the total) and occurrence(more than 33.33%), Acheilognathus chankaensis, Acheilognathus macropterus, Microphysogobio microstomus,Pseudorasbora parva and Rhinogobius giurinus were recognized as dominant small ?sh species. The results of correlation analysis identi?ed that species richness( Sr), Shannon-Wiener diversity index( H′)and Margalef′s richness index( D) were signi?cantly negatively correlated with water depth, but positively correlated with biomass of submerged macrophytes.Redundancy analysis(RDA) revealed that the spatial distributions of most small ?shes were negatively associated with water depth. The details of these ?ndings are bene?cial to understanding the adaptation of the small ?shes in degraded environments, and to developing suitable biomanipulation strategies for the management of ?sh resources and water quality in the lakes along the lower reach of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River basin.     

新工科理念下的实验课程教学改革与实践探索

近年来为适应创新人才的培养,"卓越计划"开启了全新教学模式。基于新工科理念,为了更好地进行实验课程教学,以"3ds Max软件三维建模"为例,笔者从课程内容安排、教学方式、考核机制等方面进行了教学探索和实践。本文以应用软件实验类课程项目教学的实践经验为基础,注重学生团队合作和交流能力、实践能力、创新能力培养,以及多渠道快速学习新事物的能力,通过与测绘新技术下多软件融合,使学生拥有知识整合能力,为提高实践教学提供参考和借鉴,以更好地适应新工科理念下的创新人才培养。     

基于面片裁切技术的点云轮廓线生成算法

随着点云在各个领域的广泛应用,对点云处理相关技术的研究更为活跃。目前,研究的热点主要集中在点云去噪、配准、分割、增强、特征提取和重建等方面。其中,特征提取起着承前启后的作用,具有十分重要的研究价值。基于面片裁切技术的点云轮廓线生成算法。首先,对点云数据进行面片提取,通过面片生长、融合生成特征面片,并根据提出的面片双向索引法快速构造特征线,最终实现点云平面轮廓线的生成。实验证明,本算法可快速、准确、有效地实现点云轮廓线的生成。     

商业房产共用面积分摊模型的研究

针对房产测绘中复杂商业房产分摊数据计算量大、分摊对象不明确易产生纠纷的问题,本文在传统的房产共用面积分摊模型的基础上,提出了改进的共用面积分摊模型。该模型灵活地应用功能区的概念,将功能和用途都不同的套内面积整合在一起,合并成为一个功能区,有效地解决了复杂房产分摊问题,在复杂房产分摊方面较传统模型大大减少了数据计算量,可以更加直观地体现出共用面积的服务对象。     

一种病态EIV模型正则化的修正算法

针对解决变量中含有误差(EIV)模型参数估计算法的降正则化性导致即使模型参数初值可靠,参数估值也可能在迭代过程中发散的问题,该文分析现有EIV模型参数估计算法具有的降正则化性质,讨论EIV模型参数估计算法具有的降正则化性对模型正则化的影响,建立一种病态EIV模型的实时修正算法。通过算例验证该文所建立的算法,算例结果表明,该文建立的算法能够有效解决EIV模型参数估计存在的上述问题。该文所建立的病态EIV模型正则化算法更具普适性。     

西昆仑-喀喇昆仑造山带锂矿成矿特征与成矿规律初探

西昆仑- 喀喇昆仑造山带中生代花岗伟晶岩相当发育,主要分布于麻扎- 康西瓦缝合带以南的喀喇昆仑造山带,构成了西自木吉—塔什库尔干,东到大红柳滩长达600 km的喀喇昆仑稀有金属成矿带。通过多年的研究,本文对西昆仑- 喀喇昆仑造山带37处稀有金属矿床(点)进行了全面系统的梳理,认为喀喇昆仑- 喀喇昆仑造山带表现为“西铍东锂”的格局,稀有金属成矿年龄集中213~206 Ma。将喀喇昆仑造山带稀有金属成矿带划分为木吉- 塔什库尔干稀有金属成矿亚带、赛图拉- 大红柳滩稀有金属成矿亚带,从西向东可划定4个矿化集中区：木吉- 布伦口稀有金属集中区、塔什库尔干- 塔吐鲁沟稀有金属矿化集中区、康西瓦稀有金属矿化集中区、大红柳滩- 白龙山稀有金属矿化集中区。同时,认为西昆仑- 喀喇昆仑造山带西段下一阶段的找矿可放在西合休南锂铍找矿远景区、阿然保泰铍找矿远景区、木吉西锂铍找矿远景区。     

Preface to the special issue China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES): on-going progresses and future prospects

In 2018, the International Conference for the Decade Memory of the Wenchuan Earthquake in connection to the 4th International Conference on Continental Earthquakes (4th ICCE) and the 12th Assembly of Asian Seismological Commission (ASC) officially announced the establishment of China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES) in the Sichuan-Yunnan region. CSES focuses on the field experiments on a broad spectra of scientific problems in earthquake science, from the tectonics and physics of earthquakes and faulting to the engineering countermeasures for disaster risk reduction. In spring of 2021, approved by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China, CSES as a key state scientific infrastructure was enlisted in the 14th national five-year plan (2021–2025) of economic and social development and the long-term vision of 2035, which is considered as a major step for promoting earthquake science in China. Since 2018, the planning, construction and functioning of CSES have attracted much attention in earthquake science (CSES, 2020a, b, c; Wu ZL et al., 2021a, b, c, d). This special issue of Earthquake Science, similar to other publications (e.g., Li YG et al., 2021), reflects a profile of the on-going works of CSES, by CSES, and for CSES. Totally 8 articles are included in the present issue, covering some aspects of research scopes of CSES.