北方冬小麦冬季冻害及播期延迟应对

全球变暖背景下, 我国北方冬麦区冬季冻害是否仍是主要气象灾害,冬小麦播期延迟是否能作为应对气候变化的措施,成为当前亟待解决的科学问题。研究表明：1981—2000年北方冬麦区偏北地区冬季冻害指数与冬小麦减产率相关系数为0.62(达到0.001显著性水平),即2000年前冬季冻害是冬小麦减产的主要气象灾害之一;2000年后冻害与冬小麦减产率相关不显著,即冬季冻害已不再是冬小麦减产的主要影响因子。2018—2021年的冬小麦分期播种试验分析表明：山东泰安和陕西咸阳主栽的冬小麦品种播期推迟,冬前积温和生长季积温明显减少,导致冬小麦植株高度、地上总干重和叶面积指数减小;播期推迟对产量结构造成不利影响,有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均分别减少,导致减产,播期推迟10 d平均减产22%,推迟20 d平均减产40%。因此,冬小麦推迟播期并未产生积极效应, 可能原因是当前冬小麦播期和主栽的冬小麦品种已适应当地气候变化。     

渤海南部碎屑石英表面微结构特征等沉积环境

运用扫描电镜研究渤海南部碎屑石英颗粒表面微结构,并根据各种形痕的组合特征,判断沉积物所处的沉积环境,定性分析控制沉积环境的主要因素。     

Evaluating relationships between soil chemical properties and vegetation cover at different slope aspects in a reclaimed dump

Conducting research about the relationships between soil chemical properties and vegetation coverage at different slope aspects is especially important in reconstructed ecosystems of vulnerable ecological regions. This study was conducted in the first reclaimed dump within the Pingshuo mining area of Shanxi Province, China, to analyze patterns of soil chemical properties (soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil available phosphorus (SAP) and soil available potassium (SAp) and vegetation coverage (NDVI) and their correlations at different slope aspects. In the reclaimed dump, 26 quadrats were established along four slope aspects (i.e., shady, semi-shady, sunny and semi-sunny slopes). There was no significant difference in SOM or STN among different slope aspects, while SAP differed between shady slopes compared to semi-shady, sunny and semi-sunny slopes; SAP differed significantly between semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes. The NDVI of semi-sunny slopes differed significantly from that of the other three aspects. There was variation in the relationships between NDVI and soil chemical properties, depending on the slope aspects. The logarithm of SOM and NDVI was related linearly on shady and semi-shady slopes, while NDVI was inversely related to the natural logarithm of the logarithm of SOM on sunny and semi-sunny slopes. STN and NDVI had a first-order function relationship on shady and semi-shady slopes, yet a quadratic function relationship on sunny and semi-sunny slopes. The relationships between SAP and NDVI were inverse on all types of slopes. On shady and semi-shady slopes, NDVI had a quadratic relationship with the logarithm of SAp, but it was well fitted by using a cubic function on sunny and semi-sunny slopes. The sensitivity coefficients of soil chemical properties and NDVI were different, and soil chemical properties changed differently depending on changes in NDVI at different slope aspects.     

新疆乌鲁木齐东部早二叠世枕状玄武岩火山岩系的发现及大地构造意义

新疆乌鲁木齐东部野生动物园附近的下二叠统下部发育了一套以枕状玄武岩为代表的火山岩系。该玄武岩在公路上发育有两层,上部一层较厚,可达7～8m,下部一层2～3m。岩枕近圆形、肾状、枕状、条带状或蠕虫状等,多呈顶突底凹。岩枕长轴平行排列,长轴基本顺层面分布;有的岩枕中含大量海百合茎、珊瑚及腕足等生物化石。在TAS图中大部分样品位于玄武粗安岩,而在K_2O-SiO_2图上主要落在低K拉斑玄武岩区间。MnOTiO_2-P_2O_5图解显示以岛弧为主,常量元素的特征总体上更接近岛弧玄武岩。在Hf/3-Th-Ta图解上也以岛弧为主;在Zr/4-2Nb-Y图解显示以火山弧为主,常量元素的特点总体上更接近岛弧玄武岩。微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图表明为同源岩浆产物,具高度相似的演化过程,多种微量元素判别图揭示岛弧-弧后盆地环境;稀土总量明显较低,在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解上,其稀土分布曲线一致性较好,呈轻稀土富集右倾型,Eu为负异常,揭示了乌东玄武岩岩浆有一定分异。稀土元素配分曲线与弧后盆地玄武岩(BABB)具有很好的一致性。U-Pb和谐年龄为283±8Ma,结合地层及古生物资料推测乌东玄武岩喷发的时间为早二叠世早期。乌东枕状玄武岩-灰岩之下有一套(磨拉石)底砾岩,初定为石炭-二叠系的界限。底砾岩之下为下石炭统的中厚层灰岩,具有明显的喀斯特化,为不整合接触,揭示在两者之间发生了造山作用。通过对新疆乌东早二叠世早期的枕状玄武岩的地质特征、地球化学特征、形成环境和时代的研究,表明乌东一带早二叠世主要为一个岛弧和弧后盆地环境,进一步揭示了北天山北缘石炭-二叠世碰撞闭合造山之后又发生了松弛扩张形成了弧后盆地,海水再度大规模入侵。最终的闭合碰撞造山的时间最早可能在晚二叠世。由于乌东枕状玄武岩在喷出地表后受到了生物化石和陆源碎屑的污染,再加上侵入过程中地壳的污染,使其具有非常复杂的地球化学特点和多解性。乌东玄武岩的研究对于了解博格达山、甚至天山中段在晚古生代的构造沉积演化及造山作用具有重要意义,同时对准噶尔盆地、吐哈盆地及三塘湖盆地油气资源的形成与分布具有重要意义。     

不同前处理方法和测量时间对泥炭中无机矿物颗粒粒度的影响

用常规方法分析长江口泥炭全样粒度数据时,发现粒度频率分布曲线末端出现含量很低的一个或两个次主峰的奇怪现象.不同的前处理方法对泥炭粒度的测量结果表明:粒度数据应选取样品上机后第3 min内的测量结果;由于长江口泥炭样品中碳酸盐含量很少,粒度分析采用加H2O2加热去除有机质再加分散剂经超声波处理后的前处理方法测量即可.频率...     

我国地面气温参考站点遴选的依据、原则和方法

由于城市化和观测环境变化的影响,我国现有国家级气象台站网观测的地面气温资料许多已不能满足气候变化检测研究的要求。利用我国全部气象观测站网的台站信息,对地面气温资料序列质量进行了系统评价,遴选出可用于气温变化研究的参考站点。这项工作建立了地面气温参考站点遴选的原则、方法和步骤,并据此确定了138个地面气温参考站。这些台站可代表背景地面气温场,其长期气温观测资料可用作城市台站或国家级台站城市化增温评价的参考,也可直接用于我国地面气温变化的检测分析。     

An Analytical Solution for Mechanical Responses Induced by Temperature and Air Pressure in a Lined Rock Cavern for Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage

Mechanical responses induced by temperature and air pressure significantly affect the stability and durability of underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) in a lined rock cavern. An analytical solution for evaluating such responses is, thus, proposed in this paper. The lined cavern of interest consists of three layers, namely, a sealing layer, a concrete lining and the host rock. Governing equations for cavern temperature and air pressure, which involve heat transfer between the air and surrounding layers, are established first. Then, Laplace transform and superposition principle are applied to obtain the temperature around the lined cavern and the air pressure during the operational period. Afterwards, a thermo-elastic axisymmetrical model is used to analytically determine the stress and displacement variations induced by temperature and air pressure. The developments of temperature, displacement and stress during a typical operational cycle are discussed on the basis of the proposed approach. The approach is subsequently verified with a coupled compressed air and thermo-mechanical numerical simulation and by a previous study on temperature. Finally, the influence of temperature on total stress and displacement and the impact of the heat transfer coefficient are discussed. This paper shows that the temperature sharply fluctuates only on the sealing layer and the concrete lining. The resulting tensile hoop stresses on the sealing layer and concrete lining are considerably large in comparison with the initial air pressure. Moreover, temperature has a non-negligible effect on the lined cavern for underground compressed air storage. Meanwhile, temperature has a greater effect on hoop and longitudinal stress than on radial stress and displacement. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient affects the cavern stress to a higher degree than the displacement.     

南美Oriente盆地北部海绿石砂岩油藏特征及成藏规律

南美厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地斜坡带发育的白垩系Napo组高伽马特征的UT海绿石砂岩段是成熟探区新发现的隐蔽含油层段。本文分析了海绿石砂岩储层的矿物组成、孔隙结构、成岩作用、物性特点,并结合烃源岩评价与石油空间分布探讨海绿石砂岩油藏的成藏特征。海绿石粘土矿物以颗粒形式存在,与石英共同构成海绿石砂岩的颗粒组分,海绿石砂岩的孔隙结构具有双峰特征,束缚水含量高,属于中-低孔、中-低渗储层类型,孔隙类型主要是剩余粒间孔。海绿石砂岩储层中石英次生加大属Ⅱ级,长石碎屑颗粒发生溶蚀作用,含铁碳酸盐类胶结物发育,结合泥岩低的I/S混层比和高的最高峰温值T_max,指示海绿石砂岩层段属于中成岩阶段A期的产物。与海绿石砂岩油藏紧邻的大面积分布的Ⅱ₁腐泥型成熟烃源岩就是缓翼斜坡带的生烃中心,大面积连续发育的海绿石砂岩与之构成优越的源储组合,有利于上生下储式成藏。海绿石砂岩油藏表现为近源性、成藏晚期性等特点,规模发育的海绿石砂岩储层得以成藏的主要运聚机制是体积流和扩散流运聚机制。这对盆地其它油区同类油藏的发现具有重要的借鉴意义。     

一次孟加拉湾风暴和冷空气影响下滇西大暴雨中尺度分析

应用MICAPS资料, 通过天气诊断分析, 结合FY-2卫星云图及德宏CINRAD-CC雷达体扫资料, 分析了发生在2004年5月18日滇西地区的大暴雨过程。发现本次大暴雨过程天气尺度影响系统为初夏孟加拉湾风暴及南下冷锋切变; 大暴雨发生在高能高湿的水汽辐合中心、700 hPa螺旋度正值区及湿 Q 矢量散度大值辐合区内; 卫星云图上, 多个β-中尺度对流系统在大暴雨区发展; 多普勒雷达回波为絮状混合型降水回波, 强度在30~44 dBz之间, 频繁出现的逆风区、低空急流、中尺度辐合线等中小尺度系统是造成本次大暴雨的直接影响系统。     

环渤海地区4～10天风速预报中相似预报法的应用

依据逐步相似过滤法和最小相似离度原理,利用NCEP逐日再分析资料、T213数值预报产品和环渤海72站1958—2008年地面观测站风速资料,建立不同因子组合的相似过滤方案,制作环渤海72站4～10天每日4次、日最大风速预报。通过多个相似过滤方案预报准确率检验,确定“最佳”逐步相似过滤方案。经过2007—2008年预报检验表明：每日4次风速预报中,0~2级风速的预报效果最好,4～10天平均TS评分达到67%;日最大风速预报中,3~4级4～10天平均TS评分为54.1%,5级及以上的TS评分为17.1%。在风力不太强的情况下,该方法对于中期风速预报有一定的参考价值。