川西北早志留世陆源碎屑──碳酸盐混积缓坡

研究区位于扬子地块西北缘，由一套巨厚的页岩、泥岩层夹生物礁及透镜状和不规则层状风暴生屑灰岩、瘤状灰岩组成。根据区内特征的岩石类型及其组合、分布和相应的化石生态，作者认为本区兰多维列期至早温洛克期时为一典型的陆源碎屑－－碳酸盐混积均斜缓坡，并且从浅到深划分为滨岸、浅缓坡、深缓坡及盆地等亚环境。滨岸区位于潮间带，以潮坪碳酸盐岩为代表；浅缓坡位于浪基面至风暴浪基面之间，岩性组合为Ａ、Ｂ类风暴岩，Ａ、Ｂ类瘤状灰岩、生物礁灰岩及粘结岩；深缓坡位于风暴浪基面至最大风暴浪基面之间，岩性以Ｄ、Ｅ类风暴岩、Ｃ类瘤状灰岩及泥页岩组合为特征；盆地处于最大风暴浪基面之下，为黑色泥页岩沉积。结合早志留世时全球冰川作用，文中讨论了海平面变化的原因及对环境的影响。     

The thermodynamic influence of subgrid orography in a global climate model

Assessments of the impacts of climate change typically require information at scales of 10 km or less. Such a resolution in global climate simulations is unlikely for at least two decades. We have developed an alternative to explicit resolution that provides a framework for meeting the needs of climate change impact assessment much sooner. We have applied to a global climate model a physically based subgrid-scale treatment of the influence of orography on temperature, clouds, precipitation, and land surface hydrology. The treatment represents subgrid variations in surface elevation in terms of fractional area distributions of discrete elevation classes. For each class it calculates the height rise/descent of air parcels traveling through the grid cell, and applies the influence of the rise/descent to the temperature and humidity profiles of the elevation class. Cloud, radiative, and surface processes are calculated separately for each elevation class using the same physical parametrizations used by the model without the subgrid orography parametrization. The simulated climate fields for each elevation class can then be distributed in post-processing according to the spatial distribution of surface elevation within each grid cell. Parallel 10-year simulations with and without the subgrid treatment have been performed. The simulated temperature, precipitation and snow water are mapped to 2.5-minute (~5 km) resolution and compared with gridded analyses of station measurements. The simulation with the subgrid scheme produces a much more realistic distribution of snow water and significantly more realistic distributions of temperature and precipitation than the simulation without the subgrid scheme. Moreover, the 250-km grid cell means of most other fields are virtually unchanged by the subgrid scheme. This suggests that the tuning of the climate model without the subgrid scheme is also applicable to the model with the scheme.     

全国异常高温酷热 淮河出现暴雨洪涝—2000年7月—

7月份 ,东北地区东部、华北中南部、淮河、汉水流域及西南地区大部、华南东部的降水量接近常年或偏多 ,黄淮的一些地区发生不同程度的暴雨洪涝灾害 ;全国其余大部地区降水显著偏少 ,气温偏高 ,京、津、晋、内蒙古、辽、甘、青及新疆大部出现持续高温酷热天气。本月共有 4个热带风暴生成 ,其中一强热带风暴在我国登陆。1　天气概况　　 7月 ,主要雨带位于东北东部、河北南部、黄淮中西部、汉水流域、西南大部以及华南东部等地 ,东北地区东部、华北平原中南部、汉水流域、西南地区大部、华南大部月降水量一般有 1 0 0～ 30 0 mm,部分地区达 30…     

北京市秋季城区和郊区大气边界层参数观测分析

应用2001年9月北京城区和郊区同步大气边界层观测资料,对大气边界层热力和动力参数进行了计算分析.结果表明:北京市秋季,逆温出现的时间城区滞后于郊区;逆温层高度城区大于郊区,200m通常为郊区的逆温层顶和城区的逆温层底部;逆温层强度城区弱于郊区;城市热岛强度为3℃;城区感热通量的输送大于郊区;城区下垫面粗糙度远大于郊区;郊区总辐射和紫外辐射的强度明显大于城区.     

A numerical investigation on the interaction of turbulent and long-wave radiative fluxes in the surface layer

The interaction of turbulent and radiative transfer applied to a number of plausible atmospheric situations in the surface layer under the stably stratified condition is discussed.The calculated results show that the long-wave radiative flux has a great influence upon the thermal structure of the surface layer, and that it usually acts in such a way as to weaken the thickness of the constant turbulent heat flux layer. In the case of low wind velocities and strongly stable stratifications, the thickness of the turbulent heat flux layer will become very thin and/or inexistent.     

Detrimental effects of reduced seawater pH on the early development of the Pacific abalone

The hatching process of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai was prolonged at a pH of 7.6 and pH 7.3, and the embryonic developmental success was reduced. The hatching rate at pH 7.3 was significantly (10.8%) lower than that of the control (pH 8.2). The malformation rates at pH 7.9 and pH 8.2 were less than 20% but were 53.8% and 77.3% at pH 7.6 and pH 7.3, respectively. When newly hatched larvae were incubated for 48 h at pH 7.3, only 2.7% of the larvae settled, while more than 70% of the larvae completed settlement in the other three pH treatments. However, most 24 h old larvae could complete metamorphosis in all four pH treatments. Overall, a 0.3-unit reduction in water pH will produce no negative effect on the early development of the Pacific abalone, but further reduction in pH to the values predicted for seawater by the end of this century will have strong detrimental effects.     

基于强震动记录测定近场地震参数方法研究

本文基于大理州的23个强震动台2007年以来记录的11组3.5级以上近场地震共51条强震记录,根据数字地震仪台网系统测定地震参数的基本原理,讨论了通过强震动台网测定近场地震参数的方法,并对测定近场地震参数的计算机软件MDEPS系统的编制进行了介绍。     

太阳能供电系统在天津测震台站的应用

利用太阳能供电系统解决天津市部分台站无法接入交流供电的问题,对部分台供电系统进行改造,采用复合式供电模式,避免农忙或雷雨季节停电问题,以提升台网整体数据传输连续率。     

古浪黄羊川断裂晚更新世以来活动特征的初步研究

黄羊川断裂西起天祝县冷龙岭东北缘,经关家台,穿曹家湖水库,沿黄羊川河的北侧断续延至米家山和营家山的北坡,总体走向北东东,长200余公里,其东端有可能与中卫一同心断裂带相接。     

Spatio-temporal GIS data model based on event semantics

There are mainly four kinds of models to record and deal with historical information. By taking them as reference, the spatio-temporal model based on event semantics is proposed. In this model, according to the way for describing an event, all the information are divided into five domains. This paper describes the model by using the land parcel change in the cadastral information system, and expounds the model by using five tables corresponding to the five domains. With the aid of this model, seven examples are given on historical query, trace back and recurrence. This model can be implemented either in the extended relational database or in the object-oriented database.