数理统计方法在制图作业中的应用

本文分析了数理统计方法在制图应用中不能推广的原因，举例说明该方法在研究制图物体实地分布规律中的作用，并对如何改进数理统计在制图中的应用提出了设想。     

Source and dispersal of suspended sediment in the macro-tidal Gulf of Kachchh

The macro-tidal Gulf of Kachchh, covering nearly 7000 km(2), is located about 150 km south of the Indus River mouth. In spite of semi-arid climate and lack of major rivers flowing into it, the Gulf is highly turbid with suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) during October-November 2002 ranging between 0.5 and 674 mgl(-1). Highly turbid waters are observed towards the northern portion of the mouth of the Gulf, at the head of the Gulf and adjacent to the numerous shoals present within the Gulf. Perennial high SSC in the Gulf is due to resuspension of sediments by strong tidal currents, shallow bathymetry and presence of fine-grained sediments on the sea floor. Numerical model studies show that there is a dynamic barrier in the central Gulf, which prevents the exchange of water and suspended sediments between the outer and inner Gulf. This dynamic barrier associated with strong east-west tidal currents restricts the turbid waters mainly to the northern Gulf, resulting in relatively clear waters (SSC<10 mgl(-1)) in the southern and central portions of the Gulf. Laser particle size distribution, clay mineralogy and geochemistry of the suspended matter show that the main source of sediments to the Gulf of Kachchh is the Indus River. Although the Indus discharge has been severely curtailed in the recent decades due to construction of numerous dams and barrages, the Gulf of Kachchh continues to receive resuspended sediments from the numerous meso and macro-tidal creeks of the Indus delta. The sediments at the head of the Gulf appear to be a mixture of sediments derived from the Indus as well as the numerous seasonal rivers draining the Rann of Kachchh.     

Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of alkyl porphyrins from the Triassic Serpiano oil shale

The carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of seven of the most abundant alkylporphyrins from the Serpiano oil shale (marine, Triassic) were determined. For the C31 and C32 butanoporphyrins, values of delta 13CPDB and delta 15NAIR averaged -24.0% and -3.1%. In contrast, the C31 and C32 methylpropanoporphyrins, DPEP, and a C30 13-nor etioporphyrin had delta 13C and delta 15N values averaging -27.5 and -3.3%, respectively. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic values for kerogen averaged -30.8 and -0.9, whereas those for total extract averaged -31.6, and -4.0%. The butanoporphyrins apparently derive from a biological source different from that giving rise to the other porphyrins, their 13C enrichment not being related to carbon isotopic fractionation accompanying diagenetic reactions. The delta 15N values for all the porphyrins indicate that the depletion of 15N observed in the kerogen is of primary origin. Consistent with the very high abundance of hopanoids and methyl hopanoids in the aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction, it is suggested that cyanobacterial fixation of N2 may have been the main cause of 15N depletion.     

Micro—station软件包的应用

Ｍｉｃｒｏ—ｓｔａｔｉｏｎ软件包的应用徐肇忠，石亮（武汉测绘科技大学１１３００７０）１．Ｍｉｃｒｏ—ｓｔａｔｉｏｎ软件包简介Ｍｉｃｒｏ—ｓｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣ是美国ＩＮＴＥＲＧＲＡＰＨ公司研制的一种图形软件包，该软件包与ＶＡＸ－ｂａｓｅｄＩｎｔｅｒｇｒ...     

城市大气环境质量的超标加权评价方法

根据大气环境中３种主要污染的监测数据，采用超标加权方法，利用灰色决策模型进行综合评价。参与评价的信息量大，为城市环境质量综合评价提供了一种新的方法。     

用模糊综合评判原理确定地图上制图物体选取的一种数学模型

采用一般的数学方法对制图综合的研究，仅能获得物体选取的数量指标。本文在鲍罗金等比数列法的基础上，用模糊综合评判原理对制图物体进行定性研究得出确定地图上制图物体选取的一种较完备的数学模型。文中以确定河流选取为例，介绍使用本模型来确定河流选取的方法和步骤，重点讨论因素集合U中各因素隶属度μ_A（x）的确定，并且进行样图试验以及介绍确定地图上各要素选取的模型的基本方法。本文把模糊数学的概念用于制图综合中，使制图综合可能利用更多的地图信息，为制图综合的研究提供了新的手段。同时，也为地图数据库和机助自动编图提供了新的研究途径。     

城市发展中的门槛分析法及工程选址方案的F-G局势决策

城市规划与城市发展决策有着丰富的经济内涵。只有把规划工作与经济学有机地联系起来,规划与决策才能真正地有效地影响和驾驭城市发展过程。门槛理论在规划领域中的应用已经形成一种专门的方法——门槛分析法,该方法把规划与经济紧密联系起来。城市工业和市政建设中,工程建设选址可能有许多方案,但综合地考虑各方面的因素影响,可以优选出最优方案。本文中,首先介绍城市发展中的门槛分析法,并在此基础上,对工程建设选址方案采用Fuzzy-Grey局势决策选优,图形及数据处理在微机上进行。