吡喹酮和克螨特复配驱虫制剂对一些水生饵料生物的毒性

由吡喹酮和克螨特组成的复配制剂对小球藻、轮虫、蚤状溞、水蚯蚓和卤虫的毒性实验结果显示：复配制剂对轮虫的半致死浓度(LC50)为13．9mg／dm^3(24h)和3．03mg／dm^3(48h)．安全浓度(SC)为0．0432mg／dm^3；对蚤状溞的LC50为345．14mg／dm^3(24h)和17．5mg／dm^3(48h)，SC为0．0135mg／dm^3；对水蚯蚓的LC50为636．80mg／dm^3(24h)和79．07mg／dm^3(48h)，SC为0．366mg／dm^3；对卤虫无节幼虫的LC50为201．84mg／dm^3(24h)和8．91mg／dm^3(48h)．SC为0．00519mg／dm^3,复配制剂对水环境生物的破坏作用小．     

南四湖湖内浅槽工程施工对水环境的影响及控制措施

南四湖湖内工程是沂沭泗河洪水东调南下续建工程的单项工程,工程区位于山东省省级自然保护区内;挖泥船施工将对湖内水环境产生一定影响。本文从排泥场回水污染物、生产废水和生活污水三个方面阐述了工程施工对水环境的影响程度,并且提出了相应的控制措施。     

Second-Order Wave Diffraction Around 3-D Bodies by A Time-Domain Method

A time-domain method is applied to simulate nonlinear wave diffraction around a surface piercing 3-D arbitrary body. The method involves the application of Taylor series expansions and the use of perturbation procedure to establish the corresponding boundary value problems with respect to a time-independent fluid domain. A boundary element method based on B-spline expansion is used to calculate the wave field at each time step, and the free surface boundary condition is satisfied to the second order of wave steepness by a numerical integration in time. An artificial damping layer is adopted on the free surface for the removal of wave reflection from the outer boundary. As an illustration, the method is used to compute the second-order wave forces and run-up on a surface-piercing circular cylinder. The present method is found to be accurate, computationally efficient, and numerically stable.     

Heavy metals in marine sediments of Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy)

Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn concentrations have been determined in surface sediment samples collected in the Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy) in order to evaluate their levels and spatial distribution in this important area of the Mediterranean Sea. For various metals, the geoaccumulation index has been calculated as a criterion to assess if their concentrations represent contamination levels or can be considered as background levels. The results show that metals concentrations in sediments can be considered near the background levels found in the Mediterranean Sea.Analytical results have been elaborated by using a Geographical Information System (GIS) software to show metals accumulation areas. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we evaluate the possibility to distinguish the sampling stations, in relation to their geographical position. Results have showed metals distribution in the Taranto Gulf is principally influenced by industrial and urban wastes, located mostly in the northern coastal area of the Ionian Sea. Rivers in the Basilicata region and prevailing anticlockwise marine currents are further factors influencing metal accumulation in sediments.     

饵料对中间球海胆生长发育的影响初探

实验结果表明 :单独投喂牟氏角毛藻或与三角褐指藻、绿色巴夫藻混投 ,中间球海胆幼虫成活率最高 ,其生长速度也最快 ,中间球海胆稚幼海胆培育的最好饵料是前期投喂的石莼等薄嫩的海藻 ,后期投喂海带其生长速度最快     

酶解鲐鱼蛋白制备低分子肽制品

介绍了以鲐鱼为原料 ,采用双酶水解技术 ,制备高质量的低分子肽粉末制品的最佳工艺。对鲐鱼水解液 4种脱苦脱腥的方法进行了比较 ,认为活性碳脱除法既可脱腥 ,又可脱苦、脱色 ,是鲐鱼水解液脱苦脱腥较好的方法。经正交试验得其最佳组合 :每升水解液中活性碳的用量为 1 0 g;时间为 40 min;温度为 40℃。制品为一种淡黄色粉末 ,含有较多的二肽、三肽等低分子肽 ,氨基酸种类齐全 ,富含人体所需矿物质元素的高质量的食品原料。     

太平洋三海区热液烟囱物的氧同位素特征及形成温度

使用氧同位素方法 ,测试了西太平洋马里亚纳岛弧、马里亚纳海槽、冲绳海槽和东太平洋加拉帕戈斯裂谷的海底热液烟囱和硫化物全岩样品。结果表明 :马里亚纳岛弧上的埃斯梅拉尔达破火山口的热液硫化物的形成温度最高 (达 2 75℃ ) ,而成为高温产物的代表 ;冲绳海槽和加拉帕戈斯裂谷烟囱 ,表现为中高温类型 ,其氧同位素温度在 1 5 0℃左右 ;马里亚纳海槽以蛋白石为主要矿物的烟囱物 ,则显示出典型的低温热液类型 ,少量黄铁矿砂试样则表现出中温类型特征。但上述区域大都不同程度地存在有闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等中高温热液矿物 ,说明研究区除马里亚纳海槽明显有中低温热液活动类型外 ,其它区域皆具备中高温热液活动特征     

Biomarkers of Exposure and Effects for Assessing Toxicological Risk of Endocrine Disrupters in Top Predators of the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to alter hormone pathways that regulate reproductive processes in wildlife and fisheries. In this research the unexplored hypothesis that Mediterranean top predator species (such as large pelagic fish and marine mammals) are potentially at risk due to EDCs is investigated. In the Mediterranean environment, top predators accumulate high concentrations of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) and toxic metals, incurring high toxicological risk. Here we illustrate the need to develop sensitive biomarkers for evaluation of toxicological risk in top marine predators (Xiphias gladius, Thunnus thynnus thynnus) and non-lethal techniques, such as non-destructive biomarkers, for the hazard assessment of threatened species exposed to EDCs, such as marine mammals ( Stenella coeruleoalba, Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis and Balaenoptera physalus ).     

中国北方沿海食用贝类油污染特征研究

１９９０年７月～１９９１年１２月，监测了中国北部沿海食用贝类体内的污染物残留量水平。本文用石油烃的分析数据为基础，讨论了沿岸贝类受石油烃污染的现状和分布特征；计算了样品干、湿重含量的本底值范围。给出了油标准和标准之间的互校系数Ｒ值。对样品进行了同步荧光光谱分析，并用同步荧光光谱的分析数据，计算了样品间模糊相关系数，做了模糊聚类分析。     

中国近海沿岸海温多时间尺度变率及影响其变化的天气气候因素

本文通过对中国近海13个海洋站1959年～2003年逐日日平均海表温度及其相关数据的处理分析,结合中国近海多年逐日天气实况,研究了中国近海水温的短时（1d）、过程、旬、月、年际变率以及海温的长期趋势变化,并在此基础上详细讨论了影响中国近海各时间尺度水温变化的天气气候因素.