A Comparison of the Bacterial Microflora between Coastal Sites in Qingdao, P.R. China and Loch Fyne, Scotland

Aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria, recovered from two sites located on the west coast of Scotland, were compared to cultures obtained in a similar way from industrial, aquacultural and clean sites in the vicinity of Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China. Gram-negative bacterial cultures were examined by BIOLOG-GN, and the data analysed by the simple matching (SSM) and Jaccard coefficients (SJ) and unweighted average linkage clustering using NTSys. The output revealed that 20% of the bacteria, namely, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Aquaspirillum dispar, Pseudomonas spp. (two groups), Sphingobacterium sp., Vibrio sp., V. campbellii, V. mimicus and V. hollisae, were common between the two geographical locations. However, the study revealed shortcomings with the BIOLOG-GN system for the study of coastal Gram-negative bacteria.     

平衡方法在景观研究中的应用

平衡方法在自然地理中,特別是在水文学、气候学、冰川学的应用中已取得了显著的成果。早在三十年代,在普通自然地理学中由格里高里耶夫开始了首次具体的平衡试验。     

关于不规则二度体磁异常的计算

前言地球物理文献中有许多计算不规则体的重磁异常的方法.其中大部分方法不外乎是以一系列平面所限制的模型来逼近物体,计算每个面的效应,或者是把物体划分成水平的薄板,计算这些板的效应,再在其延深的范围内求其积分.还有人在计算三度体磁异常时,将物体切成垂直于磁化方向的板,计算各垂直磁化板所产生的异常.本文所介绍的方法是将二度体沿磁化方     

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION

With the goal of understanding global chemical processes,environmental chemists have some of the mostcomplex sample analysis problems.Multivariate calibration is a tool that can be applied successfully inmany situations where traditional univariate analyses cannot.The purpose of this paper is to reviewmultivariate calibration,with an emphasis being placed on the developments in recent years.The inverseand classical models are discussed briefly,with the main emphasis on the biased calibration methods.Principal component regression(PCR)and partial least squares(PLS)are discussed,along with methodsfor quantitative and qualitative validation of the calibration models.Non-linear PCR,non-linear PLSand locally weighted regression are presented as calibration methods for non-linear data.Finally,calibration techniques using a matrix of data per sample(second-order calibration)are discussed briefly.     

重磁异常的直接推断解释方法——(在异常体为水平柱状体的情况下)

前言在任何物探异常定量解释的实践中,通常假定干扰体具有规则的形状或是已知干扰平面的深度.偏离了这种假设,将导致解释结果含糊不清.到目前为止所研究成功的各种简单几何形体的重磁异常的解释方法,可大致划分为下列四类:1.经验法;2.特征曲线法;3.曲线拟合     

Hydrocarbon contamination of coastal sediments from the Sfax area (Tunisia), Mediterranean Sea

The coastal area off the city of Sfax (730,000 inhabitants), well-known for fisheries and industrial activities, receives high inputs of organic matter mostly anthropogenic. Eighteen stations were selected in the vicinity of the direct discharge of industrial sewage effluents in the sea in order to study the spatial distribution of the organic contamination. Surface sediments sampled in the shallow shelf were analysed for hydrocarbons by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Total hydrocarbon distributions revealed high contamination as compared to other coastal Mediterranean sites, with an average concentration of 1865 ppm/dry weight sediment. Gas chromatographic distribution patterns, values of unresolved mixture/n-alkane ratio and distributions of steranes and hopanes confirmed a petroleum contamination of the Arabian light crude oil type. Biogenic compounds were also identified with a series of short-chain carbon-numbered n-alkenes in the carbon range 16-24.     

Effects of PCBs on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the immune cells of Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata)

The impact of four PCB congeners: 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC congener #77), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #126), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #153) and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #169) was investigated on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by coelomocytes of the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus, an important species in marine benthic ecosystems. PCBs were found to increase ROS production and to delay the time of peak production. These effects were stronger on bacteria-stimulated cells and were congener-specific: coplanar congeners (#77, 126 and 169) had more effect than the non-coplanar PCB #153. Among coplanar congeners, PCB #169 showed dose-dependent effects whereas PCB #77 and 126 were more toxic at high and low doses, respectively. The relative immunotoxicity of the different PCB congeners is discussed in the light of their structural properties and biological affinities.