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421.
The classification accuracy of the various categories on the classified remotely sensed images are usually evaluated by two
different measures of accuracy, namely, producer’s accuracy (PA) and user’s accuracy (UA). The PA of a category indicates
to what extent the reference pixels of the category are correctly classified, whereas the UA of a category represents to what
extent the other categories are less misclassified into the category in question. Therefore, the UA of the various categories
determines the reliability of their interpretation on the classified image and is more important to the analyst than the PA.
The present investigation has been performed in order to determine if there occurs improvement in the UA of the various categories
on the classified image of the principal components of the original bands and on the classified image of the stacked image
of two different years. We performed the analyses using the IRS LISS III images of two different years, i.e., 1996 and 2009,
that represent the different magnitude of urbanization and the stacked image of these two years pertaining to Ranchi area,
Jharkhand, India, with a view to assessing the impacts of urbanization on the UA of the different categories. The results
of the investigation demonstrated that there occurs significant improvement in the UA of the impervious categories in the
classified image of the stacked image, which is attributable to the aggregation of the spectral information from twice the
number of bands from two different years. On the other hand, the classified image of the principal components did not show
any improvement in the UA as compared to the original images. 相似文献
422.
Phase equilibria modelling coupled with U–Pb zircon and monazite ages of garnet–cordierite gneiss from Vallikodu Kottayam in the Kerala Khondalite Belt,southern India are presented here.The results suggest that the area attained peak P–T conditions of^900C at 7.5–8 kbar,followed by decompression to 3.5–5 kbar and cooling to 450–480C,preserving signatures of the partial melting event in the field of high to ultra-high temperature metamorphism.Melt reintegration models suggest that up to 35%granitic melt could have been produced during metamorphism at^950C.The U–Pb age data from zircons(~1.0–~0.7 Ga)and chemical ages from monazites(~540 Ma and^941 Ma)reflect a complex tectonometamorphic evolution of the terrain.The^941 Ma age reported from these monazites indicate a Tonian ultra-high temperature event,linked to juvenile magmatism/deformation episodes reported from the Southern Granulite Terrane and associated fragments in Rodinia,which were subsequently overprinted by the Cambrian(~540 Ma)tectonothermal episode. 相似文献
423.
Jyant Kumar 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1997,21(7):477-484
By making use of limit analysis, an upper bound solution in a closed form for determining the ultimate pullout capacity of plate anchors buried in sandy slopes has been established. The anchor plate orientation has been considered either horizontal or parallel to the slope, with the pullout force applied perpendicular to the plate. It has been found that the pullout capacity for horizontal anchors, even on slopes, remains the same as that on horizontal ground surface as long as the average embedment ratio is kept constant. Whereas for anchors which are aligned parallel to the slope the collapse load decreases continuously with the increase in the inclination of slope. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
424.
Occurrence of baddeleyite (ZrO2) which is a rare mineral has been recorded in ferromanganese
nodules of Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB). The mineral occurs either as independent isolated
sub-rounded to elliptical grains or in clusters forming fine subhedral crystals (<3 mm) within ferromanganese
concretionary growth bands. The mode of occurrence, textural features and chemistry of the
mineral suggest detrital and possibly an authigenic origin for baddeleyite. For authigenic origin it is
proposed that zirconium might have got released either from the terrigenous sediments or the altered
seafloor rocks forming halogen complexes and subsequently it has re-precipitated in the form of baddeleyite
within manganese nodules under oxic to sub-oxic conditions. 相似文献
425.
Annadasankar Roy Hemant Mohokar Diksha Pant Uday Kumar Sinha G. N. Mendhekar 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(6):951-968
ABSTRACTMultivariate statistical analysis and inverse geochemical modelling techniques were employed to deduce the mechanism of groundwater evolution in the hard-rock terrain of Telangana, South India. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to extract the hydrogeochemical characteristics and classify the groundwater samples into three principal groups. Use of thermodynamic stability diagrams and inverse geochemical modelling in PHREEQC identified the chemical reactions controlling hydrogeochemistry of each of the groups obtained from statistical analysis. The model output showed that a few phases are governing the water chemistry in this area and the geochemical reactions responsible for evolution of groundwater chemistry along the flow path are (i) dissolution of evaporite minerals (dolomite, halite); (ii) dissolution of primary silicate minerals (albite, anorthite, K-feldspar, biotite); (iii) precipitation of secondary silicate minerals (kaolinite, quartz, gibbsite, Ca-montmorillonite) along with anhydrite and calcite; and (iv) reverse ion exchange processes. 相似文献
426.
Hriday Mani Kalita Das Rajdeep Hajong Atul Kumar Neeraj Kharnaior Donly Dkhar Heart Casingh 《Water Resources》2019,46(6):934-943
Water Resources - This paper reports a series of experimental studies done to simulate the flow behavior over crump and ogee type of weirs. The transition of subcritical to supercritical flow, as... 相似文献
427.
428.
Ocean Dynamics - The complicated pattern of the chaotic ocean surface depends strongly on the interaction between wind and waves. An accurate representation of momentum and energy exchange at... 相似文献
429.
A general infiltration model proposed by Singh and Yu (1990) was calibrated and validated using a split sampling approach for 191 sets of infiltration data observed in the states of Minnesota and Georgia in the USA. Of the five model parameters, fc (the final infiltration rate), So (the available storage space) and exponent ‘n’ were found to be more predictable than the other two parameters: m (exponent) and a (proportionality factor). A critical examination of the general model revealed that it is related to the Soil Conservation Service (1956) curve number (SCS‐CN) method and its parameter So is equivalent to the potential maximum retention of the SCS‐CN method and is, in turn, found to be a function of soil sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity. The general model was found to describe infiltration rate with time varying curve number. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
430.
Snow and glacier melt are significant contributors to streamflow in Himalayan catchments, and their increasing contributions serve as key indicators of climate change. Consequently, the quantification of these streamflow components holds significant importance for effective water resource management. In this study, we utilized the spatio-temporal variability of isotopic signatures in stream water, rainfall, winter fresh snow, snowpack, glaciers, springs, and wells, in conjunction with hydrometeorological observations and Snow Cover Area (SCA) data, to identify water sources and develop a conceptual understanding of streamflow dynamics in three catchments (Lidder, Sindh, and Vishow) within the western Himalayas. The following results were obtained: (a) endmember contributions to the streamflow exhibit significant spatial and seasonal variability across the three catchments during 2018–2020; (b) snowmelt dominates streamflow, with average contributions across the entire catchment varying: 59% ± 9%, 55% ± 4%, 56% ± 6%, and 55% ± 9% in Lidder, 43% ± 6%, 38% ± 6%, 32% ± 4%, and 33% ± 5% in Sindh and 45% ± 8%, 40% ± 6%, 39% ± 6%, and 32% ± 5% in Vishow during spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons, respectively; (c) glacier melt contributions can reach ~30% to streamflow near the source regions during peak summer; (d) The primary uncertainties in streamflow components are attributed to the spatiotemporal variability of tracer signatures of winter fresh snow/snowpack (±1.9% to ±20%); (e)regarding future streamflow components, if the glacier contribution were to disappear completely, the annual average streamflow in Lidder and Sindh could decrease up to ~20%. The depletion of the cryosphere in the region has led to a rapid increase in runoff (1980–1900), but it has also resulted in a significant streamflow reduction due to glacier mass loss and changes in peak streamflow over the past three decades (1990–2020). The findings highlight the significance of environmental isotope analysis, which provides insights into water resources and offers a critical indication of the streamflow response to glacier loss under a changing climate. 相似文献