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191.
192.
A conceptual framework for quantitative estimation of physical vulnerability to landslides 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The paper illustrates a method for scenario-based, quantitative estimation of physical vulnerability of the built environment to landslides. The rationale and main features of the procedure are presented in the context of quantitative risk estimation. Vulnerability is defined quantitatively as a function of landslide intensity and the susceptibility of vulnerable elements. Reference terminology is presented and discussed. Models for the quantification of intensity and susceptibility for some categories of elements at risk such as structures and persons are proposed. An example application is illustrated. 相似文献
193.
Groundwater arsenic contamination in Manipur,one of the seven North-Eastern Hill states of India: a future danger 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dipankar Chakraborti E. Jayantakumar Singh Bhaskar Das Babar Ali Shah M. Amir Hossain Bishwajit Nayak Sad Ahamed N. Rajmuhon Singh 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):381-390
Manipur State, with a population of 2.29 million, is one of the seven North-Eastern Hill states in India, and is severely
affected by groundwater arsenic contamination. Manipur has nine districts out of which four are in Manipur Valley where 59%
of the people live on 10% of the land. These four districts are all arsenic contaminated. We analysed water samples from 628
tubewells for arsenic out of an expected total 2,014 tubewells in the Manipur Valley. Analyzed samples, 63.3%, contained >10 μg/l
of arsenic, 23.2% between 10 and 50 μg/l, and 40% >50 μg/l. The percentages of contaminated wells above 10 and 50 μg/l are
higher than in other arsenic affected states and countries of the Ganga–Meghna–Brahmaputra (GMB) Plain. Unlike on the GMB
plains, in Manipur there is no systematic relation between arsenic concentration and the depth of tubewells. The source of
arsenic in GMB Plain is sediments derived from the Himalaya and surrounding mountains. North-Eastern Hill states were formed
at late phase of Himalaya orogeny, and so it will be found in the future that groundwater arsenic contamination in the valleys
of other North-Eastern Hill states. Arsenic contaminated aquifers in Manipur Valley are mainly located within the Newer Alluvium.
In Manipur, the high rainfall and abundant surface water resources can be exploited to avoid repeating the mass arsenic poisoning
that has occurred on the GMB plains. 相似文献
194.
Quality assessment of OpenStreetMap data using trajectory mining 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anahid Basiri Mike Jackson Pouria Amirian Amir Pourabdollah Monika Sester Adam Winstanley 《地球空间信息科学学报》2016,19(1):56-68
OpenStreetMap (OSM) data are widely used but their reliability is still variable. Many contributors to OSM have not been trained in geography or surveying and consequently their contributions, including geometry and attribute data inserts, deletions, and updates, can be inaccurate, incomplete, inconsistent, or vague. There are some mechanisms and applications dedicated to discovering bugs and errors in OSM data. Such systems can remove errors through user-checks and applying predefined rules but they need an extra control process to check the real-world validity of suspected errors and bugs. This paper focuses on finding bugs and errors based on patterns and rules extracted from the tracking data of users. The underlying idea is that certain characteristics of user trajectories are directly linked to the type of feature. Using such rules, some sets of potential bugs and errors can be identified and stored for further investigations. 相似文献
195.
196.
Changes in the magnitude of oil pollution on five prototype study beaches on Israel's northern Mediterranean coast had been monitored at 2- to 4-weekly intervals from 21 November 1980 to 19 March 1981. Statistical analyses of these changes were employed to rank the beaches in order of decreasing self-cleaning capacity. Records of storm-induced wave data records for the winter of 1980–1981 were correlated to incidence of change in the magnitude of subsurface tarball pollution and the rate of emplaced fuel sample dissipation on the study beaches. Specific wave breaking processes, overtopping of offshore obstacles and wave refraction were singled out as accelerating or retarding wave energy transfer to the polluted beaches. Attribution of the occurrence of specific local littoral processes to observed change in beach pollution magnitude made it possible to assess potential oil spill damage. Elucidation of the causative processes provided theoretical corroboration for beach sensitivity ranking established earlier by statistical analysis. 相似文献
197.
198.
199.
Abolfazl Shamsai Ali Pak S. Mohyeddin Bateni S. Amir Hossein Ayatollahi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(5):591-602
Waste management issue in mining industry has become increasingly important. In this regard, construction of tailings dams
plays a major role. Most of the tailings dams require some kinds of remedial actions during their operational lifetime, among
which heightening is the most common. In the first stage of the remedial provisions for Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex tailings
dam in Iran, it has been decided to use hydrocyclone method to provide suitable construction material due to the high cost
associated with using borrow materials for heightening of the dam. To undertake this project a series of laboratory experiments
was performed to determine the copper ‘original tailings’ and ‘cycloned materials’ geotechnical characteristics to evaluate
the applicability of the cycloned materials for construction purposes. Different laboratory experiments were conducted to
determine the grain-size distribution, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, maximum density, shear strength parameters, consolidation
coefficient, and hydraulic conductivity. The results were compared with those of similar mines to check whether they follow
the trends observed in other copper tailing materials elsewhere. Variation of the cohesion and internal friction angle versus
different compaction ratios were studied in order to determine realistic shear strength parameters for tailing dam stability
analysis. In this study, using oedometer test, a mild linear relation between void ratio and the consolidation coefficient
has been found for tailings materials. By considering the effects of void ratio and weight of passing sieve #200 materials,
a new relationship is proposed that can be used for estimating the copper slimes hydraulic conductivity in seepage analysis
of tailings dams. 相似文献
200.
Dipankar Chakraborti Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman Bhaskar Das Amit Chatterjee Dipankar Das Biswajit Nayak Arup Pal Uttam Kumar Chowdhury Sad Ahmed Bhajan Kumar Biswas Mrinal Kumar Sengupta Md. Amir Hossain Gautam Samanta M. M. Roy Rathindra Nath Dutta Khitish Chandra Saha Subhas Chandra Mukherjee Shyamapada Pati Probir Bijoy Kar Adreesh Mukherjee Manoj Kumar 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(4):1165-1181
During a 28-year field survey in India (1988–2016), groundwater arsenic contamination and its health effects were registered in the states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in the Ganga River flood plain, and the states of Assam and Manipur in the flood plain of Brahamaputra and Imphal rivers. Groundwater of Rajnandgaon village in Chhattisgarh state, which is not in a flood plain, is also arsenic contaminated. More than 170,000 tubewell water samples from the affected states were analyzed and half of the samples had arsenic >10 μg/L (maximum concentration 3,700 μg/L). Chronic exposure to arsenic through drinking water causes various health problems, like dermal, neurological, reproductive and pregnancy effects, cardiovascular effects, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, and cancers, typically involving the skin, lungs, liver, bladder, etc. About 4.5% of the 8,000 children from arsenic-affected villages of affected states were registered with mild to moderate arsenical skin lesions. In the preliminary survey, more than 10,000 patients were registered with different types of arsenic-related signs and symptoms, out of more than 100,000 people screened from affected states. Elevated levels of arsenic were also found in biological samples (urine, hair, nails) of the people living in affected states. The study reveals that the population who had severe arsenical skin lesions may suffer from multiple Bowens/cancers in the long term. Some unusual symptoms, such as burning sensation, skin itching and watering of eyes in the presence of sun light, were also noticed in arsenicosis patients. 相似文献