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71.
Allison J. Edwards Richard F. Addison Douglas E. Willis Kenneth W. Renton 《Marine environmental research》1988,26(4)
Indices of hepatic mixed function oxidase (MFO) activity in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) were measured at approximately monthly intervals from November 1983 to October 1985. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities and cytochromes P450 and b5 were generally, but not significantly, higher in males than in females. The MFO activity varied seasonally, reaching a maximum during or shortly after spawning. Variation in MFO enzyme activity between sexes was never greater than 2-fold at any time, and within sex, no greater than 6-fold during the seasonal cycle. This variability is less than that caused by exposure to environmentally realistic levels of some pollutants; measurements of MFO activity in this species might therefore be used to indicate environmental contamination. 相似文献
72.
Lawrence M. Mayer Linda L. Schick Mead A. Allison Kathleen C. Ruttenberg Samuel J. Bentley 《Marine Chemistry》2007
Recent data on the sources of organic carbon buried in the ocean have emphasized the probable importance of terrigenous organic matter in burial budgets of deltaic depocenters. The many markers used to assess relative importance of marine vs. terrestrial sources each have ambiguities. We use the ratio of bromine to organic carbon (Br:OC) as a source indicator for organic matter in the Mississippi delta. Progressive increases in bromine concentrations from the river to the slope indicate increasing content of marine-derived organic matter. Quantitative estimates of marine vs. terrigenous organic matter using Br:OC ratios in a two-endmember mixing model are consistent with recent estimates using a combination of three other source markers [Gordon, E.S., Goñi, M.A. 2003. Sources and distribution of terrigenous organic matter delivered by the Atchafalaya River to sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67:2359–2375]. The Br:OC vs. δ13C relationship indicates seaward increase in δ13C without proportionate incorporation of marine organic matter, consistent with recent arguments that isotopically depleted terrestrial detritus derived from C3 plants is separated from C4-derived terrigenous organic matter during transport. Decreasing Br:OC ratios downcore at many sites that have significant amounts of marine organic matter indicate that the marine organic matter is preferentially lost during burial diagenesis. This preferential loss constrains the contribution of organic matter burial in deltaic environments to global removal of Br. 相似文献
73.
A. S. Al-Homoud R. J. Allison D. L. Higgitt K. White B. F. Sunna 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(1-2):18-26
This paper summarizes the information on the geology and natural resources of the Jordan Badia Research and Development Programme.
The research focused on the issue of the environment in arid lands as an aid to provide practical options for sustainable
development. This paper presents results of field studies in the following areas related to the sustainable development of
the Safawi area in the northern Jordan Badia; geomorphology, including landform, soil, lands, processes and hazards, geology
and physical resources and surface water hydrology. Tertiary-Quaternary continental basalt flows and tuffs cover approximately
11 000 km2, the majority of the Safawi area. In addition to extensive basalt lava flows, the programme area includes a variety of geological
outcrops and potential sources of economic products that include the following: Tuff/Scoria, Zeolite/Olivine, Porcellanite,
potential sources of aggregate/construction materials, ornamental stone, building stone, basalt for manufacturing of rock
wool, and materials suitable for producing lightweight aggregate. The whole of the eastern Badia exhibits major fault systems,
many of which were identified from Landsat TM images. The system of wadis which drains the Badia is extensive, with the general
flow from the north to the south and south-west. A noticeable geomorphic surficial deposit occuring throughout much of the
Badia is fine-grained, water-lain sediments that vary in size and character. The local designation for the fine sediment deposits
is Qaa. An MSS scene for the area under consideration has been studied. Twelve major geomorphic subdivisions or zones can
be identified. Individual land system units have been identified by traversing the programme area. Key sites have been visited
based on Landsat TM image interpretation. To a large extent, key areas were subdivided after their initial identification
on the Landsat scene and corroboration in the field. The surface drainage of the Badia region can be broadly divided into
wadi systems, areas of distinct channelized flow, and Qaa, predominantly fine-grained sedimentary basins of low relief. Spatial
variability in infiltration rates across the wadi-Qaa system were determined from field experiments. Infiltration rates were
found to be medium-high in the wadi channels but decrease rapidly for the Qaa materials. Apparently runoff from wadi side
slopes will be high, and water storage occurs along the wadi channels while ponding occurs in the Qaa areas.
Received: 13 March 1997 · Accepted: 13 January 1998 相似文献
74.
Melina Ey Jai Allison Susan Caves Eliza Crosbie Ainsley Hughes 《The Australian geographer》2020,51(3):283-305
ABSTRACT In neoliberalising universities, collegial and collective practices such as reading groups are often positioned by students, staff and managers as less important than meeting individual KPIs (such as producing research publications, seeking research grants, or meeting the increasing demands of producing quality teaching outcomes.) However, reading groups can be vital for cultivating caring collectives and spaces of collegiality. In this paper we use assemblage thinking to explore 25 years of a Geography reading group at the University of Newcastle. The paper addresses two questions: what does reading together do and make possible; and how might we think about the labours of reading together as a way of building caring collectives. The paper draws on reflections from 24 past and present members of reading group to explore how these kinds of academic practices nourish our working lives. 相似文献
75.
Hugues Lantuit Pier Paul Overduin Nicole Couture Sebastian Wetterich Felix Aré David Atkinson Jerry Brown Georgy Cherkashov Dmitry Drozdov Donald Lawrence Forbes Allison Graves-Gaylord Mikhail Grigoriev Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten James Jordan Torre Jorgenson Rune Strand ?deg?rd Stanislav Ogorodov Wayne H. Pollard Volker Rachold Sergey Sedenko Steve Solomon Frits Steenhuisen Irina Streletskaya Alexander Vasiliev 《Estuaries and Coasts》2012,35(2):383-400
Arctic permafrost coasts are sensitive to changing climate. The lengthening open water season and the increasing open water area are likely to induce greater erosion and threaten community and industry infrastructure as well as dramatically change nutrient pathways in the near-shore zone. The shallow, mediterranean Arctic Ocean is likely to be strongly affected by changes in currently poorly observed arctic coastal dynamics. We present a geomorphological classification scheme for the arctic coast, with 101,447?km of coastline in 1,315 segments. The average rate of erosion for the arctic coast is 0.5?m? year?1 with high local and regional variability. Highest rates are observed in the Laptev, East Siberian, and Beaufort Seas. Strong spatial variability in associated database bluff height, ground carbon and ice content, and coastline movement highlights the need to estimate the relative importance of shifting coastal fluxes to the Arctic Ocean at multiple spatial scales. 相似文献
76.
Karen Wovkulich Brian J. Mailloux Allison Lacko Alison R. Keimowitz Martin Stute H. James Simpson Steven N. Chillrud 《Applied Geochemistry》2010
Arsenic is a prevalent contaminant at US Superfund sites where remediation by pump and treat systems is often complicated by slow desorption of As from Fe and Al (hydr)oxides in aquifer solids. Chemical amendments that either compete with As for sorption sites or dissolve Fe and Al (hydr)oxides can increase As mobility and improve pump and treat remediation efficiency. The goal of this work was to determine optimal amendments for improving pump and treat at As contaminated sites such as the Vineland Chemical Co. Superfund site in southern New Jersey. Extraction and column experiments were performed using As contaminated aquifer solids (81 ± 1 mg/kg), site groundwater, and either phosphate (NaH2PO4·H2O) or oxalic acid (C2H2O4·2H2O). In extraction experiments, phosphate mobilized between 11% and 94% of As from the aquifer solids depending on phosphate concentration and extraction time (1 mM–1 M; 1–24 h) and oxalic acid mobilized between 38% and 102% depending on oxalic acid concentration and extraction time (1–400 mM; 1–24 h). In column experiments, phosphate additions induced more As mobilization in the first few pore volumes but oxalic acid was more effective at mobilizing As overall and at lower amendment concentrations. At the end of the laboratory column experiments, 48% of As had been mobilized from the aquifer sediments with 100 mM phosphate and 88% had been mobilized with 10 mM oxalic acid compared with 5% with ambient groundwater alone. Furthermore, simple extrapolations based on pore volumes suggest that chemical treatments could lower the time necessary for clean up at the Vineland site from 600 a with ambient groundwater alone to potentially as little as 4 a with 10 mM oxalic acid. 相似文献
77.
R.M.C. Lopes K.L. Mitchell J.I. Lunine R. Lorenz R.L. Kirk S.D. Wall A.D. Fortes J. Radebaugh S.J. Ostro M.D. Allison R. Boehmer P. Callahan E. Flamini Y. Gim S. Hensley W.T.K. Johnson D.O. Muhleman R. Orosei F. Posa R. Seu L.A. Soderblom S. Vetrella L. Wye 《Icarus》2007,186(2):395-412
The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper obtained Synthetic Aperture Radar images of Titan's surface during four fly-bys during the mission's first year. These images show that Titan's surface is very complex geologically, showing evidence of major planetary geologic processes, including cryovolcanism. This paper discusses the variety of cryovolcanic features identified from SAR images, their possible origin, and their geologic context. The features which we identify as cryovolcanic in origin include a large (180 km diameter) volcanic construct (dome or shield), several extensive flows, and three calderas which appear to be the source of flows. The composition of the cryomagma on Titan is still unknown, but constraints on rheological properties can be estimated using flow thickness. Rheological properties of one flow were estimated and appear inconsistent with ammonia-water slurries, and possibly more consistent with ammonia-water-methanol slurries. The extent of cryovolcanism on Titan is still not known, as only a small fraction of the surface has been imaged at sufficient resolution. Energetic considerations suggest that cryovolcanism may have been a dominant process in the resurfacing of Titan. 相似文献
78.
E.R. Stofan J.I. Lunine R. Lopes R.D. Lorenz R. Kirk C. Elachi S. Ostro J. Radebaugh H. Zebker M. Allison P. Callahan E. Flamini Y. Gim S. Hensley K. Kelleher G. Picardi L. Roth S. Shaffer S. Vetrella 《Icarus》2006,185(2):443-456
The first two swaths collected by Cassini's Titan Radar Mapper were obtained in October of 2004 (Ta) and February of 2005 (T3). The Ta swath provides evidence for cryovolcanic processes, the possible occurrence of fluvial channels and lakes, and some tectonic activity. The T3 swath has extensive areas of dunes and two large impact craters. We interpret the brightness variations in much of the swaths to result from roughness variations caused by fracturing and erosion of Titan's icy surface, with additional contributions from a combination of volume scattering and compositional variations. Despite the small amount of Titan mapped to date, the significant differences between the terrains of the two swaths suggest that Titan is geologically complex. The overall scarcity of impact craters provides evidence that the surface imaged to date is relatively young, with resurfacing by cryovolcanism, fluvial erosion, aeolian erosion, and likely atmospheric deposition of materials. Future radar swaths will help to further define the nature of and extent to which internal and external processes have shaped Titan's surface. 相似文献
79.
Daniel Williamson Michael Goldstein Lesley Allison Adam Blaker Peter Challenor Laura Jackson Kuniko Yamazaki 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(7-8):1703-1729
We apply an established statistical methodology called history matching to constrain the parameter space of a coupled non-flux-adjusted climate model (the third Hadley Centre Climate Model; HadCM3) by using a 10,000-member perturbed physics ensemble and observational metrics. History matching uses emulators (fast statistical representations of climate models that include a measure of uncertainty in the prediction of climate model output) to rule out regions of the parameter space of the climate model that are inconsistent with physical observations given the relevant uncertainties. Our methods rule out about half of the parameter space of the climate model even though we only use a small number of historical observations. We explore 2 dimensional projections of the remaining space and observe a region whose shape mainly depends on parameters controlling cloud processes and one ocean mixing parameter. We find that global mean surface air temperature (SAT) is the dominant constraint of those used, and that the others provide little further constraint after matching to SAT. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has a non linear relationship with SAT and is not a good proxy for the meridional heat transport in the unconstrained parameter space, but these relationships are linear in our reduced space. We find that the transient response of the AMOC to idealised CO2 forcing at 1 and 2 % per year shows a greater average reduction in strength in the constrained parameter space than in the unconstrained space. We test extended ranges of a number of parameters of HadCM3 and discover that no part of the extended ranges can by ruled out using any of our constraints. Constraining parameter space using easy to emulate observational metrics prior to analysis of more complex processes is an important and powerful tool. It can remove complex and irrelevant behaviour in unrealistic parts of parameter space, allowing the processes in question to be more easily studied or emulated, perhaps as a precursor to the application of further relevant constraints. 相似文献
80.
Ian J. W. Giesbrecht William C. Floyd Suzanne E. Tank Ken P. Lertzman Brian P. V. Hunt Maartje C. Korver Allison A. Oliver Ray Brunsting Paul Sanborn Santiago G. Gonzalez Arriola Gordon W. Frazer Kyra A. St. Pierre Shawn Hateley James McPhail Colby Owen Stewart Butler Bryn Fedje Emma Myers Lucy Quayle Emily Haughton Isabelle Desmarais Rob White David J. Levy-Booth Colleen T. E. Kellogg Jennifer M. Jackson William W. Mohn Steven J. Hallam Justin Del Bel Belluz 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14198
The Kwakshua Watersheds Observatory (KWO) is an integrative watersheds observatory on the coastal margin of a rain-dominated bog-forest landscape in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Established in 2013, the goal of the KWO is to understand and model the flux of terrestrial materials from land to sea – the origins, pathways, processes and ecosystem consequences – in the context of long-term environmental change. The KWO consists of seven gauged watersheds and a network of observation sites spanning from land to sea and along drainage gradients within catchments. Time-series datasets include year-round measurements of weather, soil hydrology, streamflow, aquatic biogeochemistry, microbial ecology and nearshore oceanographic conditions. Sensor measurements are recorded every 5 min and water samples are collected approximately monthly. Additional observations are made during high-flow conditions. We used remote sensing to map watershed terrain, drainage networks, soils and terrestrial ecosystems. The watersheds range in size from 3.2 to 12.8 km2, with varying catchment characteristics that influence hydrological and biogeochemical responses. Despite local variation, the overall study area is a global hotspot for yields of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved iron at the coastal margin. This observatory helps fill an important gap in the global network of observatories, in terms of spatial location (central coast of BC), climate (temperate oceanic), hydrology (very high runoff, pluvial regime), geology (igneous intrusive, glacially scoured), vegetation (bog rainforest) and soils (large stores of organic carbon). 相似文献