全文获取类型
收费全文 | 155篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3篇 |
大气科学 | 18篇 |
地球物理 | 41篇 |
地质学 | 42篇 |
海洋学 | 8篇 |
天文学 | 35篇 |
自然地理 | 13篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 8篇 |
2012年 | 4篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有160条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
Neutral aldoses as source indicators for marine snow 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Annelie Skoog Alice Alldredge Uta Passow John Dunne James Murray 《Marine Chemistry》2008,108(3-4):195-206
The chemical characteristics of aggregating material in the marine environment are largely unknown. We investigated neutral aldose (NA) abundance and composition in aggregation of marine snow and other organic matter (OM) size fractions in the field. Four sample sets were fractionated using membrane filtration and ultrafiltration into the following size fractions: particulate material, high-molecular-weight (HMW) material, and low-molecular-weight (LMW) material. We also collected three sample sets of marine-snow aggregates. Each sample set contained small, medium, and large aggregate size fractions and each size fraction consisted of 25–50 aggregates. For 7 marine-snow samples and for each water-sample size fraction, we determined monomeric and polymeric NA concentration, NA yield (amount of NA-C normalized to organic carbon), and composition; total organic carbon (TOC) concentration; transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) concentration, and TEP propensity (TEP concentration after inducing TEP formation in filtered samples). This is the first study to include compound-specific NA determinations on these four marine OM size fractions.The mass balances of organic carbon and NA indicated that there were no serious contamination or loss problems. Concentrations, yields, and NA mol fractions in water samples were similar to results from other studies. Glucose and galactose had the highest relative abundance in all size fractions. The NA yield increased with increasing molecular weight or particle size for all fractions except marine snow. The NA yield increased in the order: LMW< marine snow< HMW< particles. Marine snow had a higher average NA yield than the LMW fraction, but lower than particle and HMW-fractions. This indicates that OM in marine snow could have been diagenetically derived from particulate and HMW-fractions, that is, marine snow may include material from the particulate and the colloidal phase.TEP concentration or TEP propensity was positively correlated with concentrations of all individual NAs as well as the sum NA concentrations, indicating that TEP contains neutral sugars in addition to the acidic polysaccharides stained in the determination of TEP concentrations.Despite the relatively low NA yield in marine snow, marine snow was enriched in NA when compared with seawater, with enrichment factors of 34–225 (average 125). By combining data from this study with data from other studies, we estimate that < 10% of carbohydrates in marine snow comprise NAs.There was no clear correlation between marine-snow aggregate size and NA yield, that is, there appears to be no general age difference between small and large marine-snow aggregates. NA composition was similar among different marine-snow size fracions collected during the same day, indicating that aggregation/disaggregation reactions resulted in homogenizing NA composition in marine-snow aggregates of all sizes. The NA composition of marine snow was different from that of other OM size fractions, indicating either that bacterial degradation has modified the composition of marine snow to a larger extent than other OM size fractions or that marine snow is formed through the aggregation of selected subcomponents of OM. 相似文献
132.
133.
Alice A. Horton Claus Svendsen Richard J. Williams David J. Spurgeon Elma Lahive 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):218-226
Sewage effluent input and population were chosen as predictors of microplastic presence in sediments at four sites in the River Thames basin (UK). Large microplastic particles (1 mm–4 mm) were extracted using a stepwise approach to include visual extraction, flotation and identification using Raman spectroscopy. Microplastics were found at all four sites. One site had significantly higher numbers of microplastics than other sites, average 66 particles 100 g? 1, 91% of which were fragments. This site was downstream of a storm drain outfall receiving urban runoff; many of the fragments at this site were determined to be derived of thermoplastic road-surface marking paints. At the remaining three sites, fibres were the dominant particle type. The most common polymers identified included polypropylene, polyester and polyarylsulphone. This study describes two major new findings: presence of microplastic particles in a UK freshwater system and identification of road marking paints as a source of microplastics.
Capsule
This study is the first to quantify microplastics of any size in river sediments in the UK and links their presence to terrestrial sources including sewage and road marking paints. 相似文献134.
Alice M. Milner Ulrich C. Müller Katherine H. Roucoux Richard E. L. Collier Jörg Pross Stavros Kalaitzidis Kimon Christanis Polychronis C. Tzedakis 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(2):113-117
A new high‐resolution Last Interglacial pollen record from the Tenaghi Philippon peatland, northeast Greece, documents variability in forest composition and cover, which we attribute to changes in temperature and moisture availability. The declining stage of the interglacial was marked by a stepwise decrease in temperate tree populations and culminated in the complete collapse of forest at the onset of the ensuing stadial. The coincidence of the onset of the stepwise declining trend with the increased prominence of North Atlantic ice‐rafting events suggests that ecological thresholds in southern Europe were only crossed once ice rafting events intensified, and implies that changes in North Atlantic ocean circulation were an important contributing factor to the declining temperate forest cover in southern Europe. Our results provide evidence for intra‐interglacial variability in the low mid latitudes and suggest a coupling between the high northern latitudes and the northeast Mediterranean during this interval. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
135.
Interannual climate variability in South America: impacts on seasonal precipitation, extreme events, and possible effects of climate change 总被引:8,自引:7,他引:1
Interannual variability is an important modulator of synoptic and intraseasonal variability in South America. This paper seeks
to characterize the main modes of interannual variability of seasonal precipitation and some associated mechanisms. The impact
of this variability on the frequency of extreme rainfall events and the possible effect of anthropogenic climate change on
this variability are reviewed. The interannual oscillations of the annual total precipitation are mainly due to the variability
in austral autumn and summer. While autumn is the dominant rainy season in the northern part of the continent, where the variability
is highest (especially in the northeastern part), summer is the rainy season over most of the continent, thanks to a summer
monsoon regime. In the monsoon season, the strongest variability occurs near the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), which
is one of the most important features of the South American monsoon system. In all seasons but summer, the most important
source of variability is ENSO (El Ni?o Southern Oscillation), although ENSO shows a great contribution also in summer. The
ENSO impact on the frequency of extreme precipitation events is also important in all seasons, being generally even more significant
than the influence on seasonal rainfall totals. Climate change associated with increasing emission of greenhouse gases shows
potential to impact seasonal amounts of precipitation in South America, but there is still great uncertainty associated with
the projected changes, since there is not much agreement among the models’ outputs for most regions in the continent, with
the exception of southeastern South America and southern Andes. Climate change can also impact the natural variability modes
of seasonal precipitation associated with ENSO. 相似文献
136.
The harmful alga Chattonella marina has caused massive fish kills and economic losses worldwide. However, the fish kill mechanisms by C. marina have not been identified. The present study has confirmed that a significant elevation of blood osmolality is the universal response in moribund fish exposed to C. marina and the possible reasons leading to contradictory reports were identified. Both osmotic distress and respiratory impairment are important mechanisms leading to fish kill by C. marina. The susceptibility of marine fish to C. marina appears to be inversely related to their tolerance to hypoxia, with the hypoxia intolerant goldlined seabream being the most susceptible, and the hypoxia tolerant green grouper being the most tolerant to C. marina. Further studies in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) showed that fish susceptibility to C. marina is directly related to susceptibility of the fish to hypoxia, but not related to its tolerance to hypersalinity stress. 相似文献
137.
Nina Stark Hendrik Hanff Christian Svenson Verner B. Ernstsen Alice Lefebvre Christian Winter Achim Kopf 《Geo-Marine Letters》2011,31(4):249-258
In-situ geotechnical measurements of surface sediments were carried out along large subaqueous dunes in the Knudedyb tidal
inlet channel in the Danish Wadden Sea using a small free-falling penetrometer. Vertical profiles showed a typical stratification
pattern with a resolution of ∼1 cm depicting a thin surface layer of low sediment strength and a stiffer substratum below
(quasi-static bearing capacity equivalent: 1–3 kPa in the top layer, 20–140 kPa in the underlying sediment; thickness of the
top layer ca. 5–8 cm). Observed variations in the thickness and strength of the surface layer during a tidal cycle were compared
to mean current velocities (measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler, ADCP), high-resolution bathymetry (based
on multibeam echo sounding, MBES) and qualitative estimates of suspended sediment distributions in the water column (estimated
from ADCP backscatter intensity). The results revealed an ebb dominance in sediment remobilization, and a general accretion
of the bed towards low water. A loose top layer occurred throughout the tidal cycle, likely influenced by bedload transport
and small events of suspended sediment resettlement (thickness: 6 ± 2 cm). Furthermore, this layer showed a significant increase
in thickness (e.g. from 8 cm to 16 cm) related to periods of overall deposition. These findings imply that dynamic penetrometers
can conveniently serve to (1) quantify potentially mobile sediments by determining the thickness of a loose sediment surface
layer, (2) unravel sediment strength development in potentially mobile sediments and (3) identify sediment accumulation. Such
data are an important complement and add a new geotechnical perspective during investigations of sediment remobilization processes
in highly dynamic coastal environments. 相似文献
138.
Alice J. Hovorka 《Geoforum》2012,43(4):875-884
This paper is conceptually grounded in feminist–posthumanist intersectionality, offering an empirical case study that is geographic in scope, balances discursive and material elements, focuses on gender–species relations, and details dynamics of othering and privileging. It is empirically situated in a case study featuring women and chickens, men and cattle in the southern African nation of Botswana. It considers their symbolic associations with certain social realms, their spatial placements into and within particular locales, and the resulting context-specific dynamics that occur and shape their daily lives and interrelations with one another. Such socio-spatial practices are the means through which men, women, chickens and cattle become privileged and/or othered within dominant gender–species hierarchical arrangements. The paper also explores emerging urban and commercial agriculture spaces in contemporary Botswana, which empower women and chickens through increased access to land and productive activities, and increased visibility, status and value. Such empowerment remains bounded, however, given significant material, discursive and ethical implications of re-positioning within dominant structures. 相似文献
139.
Abstract Tepetates, altered indurated and sterile volcanic tuffs, are located among the neo‐volcanic belt in central Mexico. They are divided into three classes according to the erosion level: outcrop tepetates, discontinuous tepetates (in process of erosion), and underlying tepetates (related to fragile areas with high erosion risk). For local communities and peasants, the existence of tepetates is a heavy constraint, with the impossibility to cultivate the land as it is. In order to know the localization and extension of tepetates, we experimented with various classification techniques of a Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite image. Masking techniques were used, assisted both by a DEM and photo interpretation, in addition to radiometric segmentation to obtain a map of tepetates in a study area. The resulting map showed the location of outcrop tepetates well, in agreement with existing soil maps, but underestimated underlying tepetates and high‐risk erosion localities, due mainly to the heterogeneity of the classes at the scale used (30 m pixel). 相似文献
140.