An Analysis of U.S. and World Oil Production Patterns Using Hubbert-Style Curves

A quantitative analytical method, using a spreadsheet, has been developed that allows the determination of values of the three parameters that characterize the Hubbert-style Gaussian error curve that best fits the conventional oil production data both for the U.S. and the world. The three parameters are the total area under the Gaussian, which represents the estimated ultimate (oil) recovery (EUR), the date of the maximum of the curve, and the half-width of the curve. The best fit is determined by adjusting the values of the three parameters to minimize the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the data and the Gaussian. The sensitivity of the fit to changes in values of the parameters is indicated by an exploration of the rate at which the RMSD increases as values of the three parameters are varied from the values that give the best fit. The results of the analysis are as follows: (1) the size of the U.S. EUR of oil is suggested to be 0.222 × 10¹² barrels (0.222 trillion bbl) of which approximately three-fourths appears to have been produced through 1995; (2) if the world EUR is 2.0 × 10¹² bbl (2.0 trillion bbl), a little less than half of this oil has been produced through 1995, and the maximum of world oil production is indicated to be in 2004; (3) each increase of one billion barrels in the size of the world EUR beyond the value of 2.0 × 10¹² bbl can be expected to result in a delay of approximately 5.5 days in the date of maximum production; (4) alternate production scenarios are presented for world EURs of 3.0 and 4.0 × 10¹² bbl.     

基于CQG2000采用RCR法求解高程异常

充分利用CQG2000的研究成果,结合GPS水准数据,采用RCR法求解未知点高程异常,比用单纯的GPS水准拟合法精度有明显改善。给出具体计算步骤,并将拟合模型分为函数模型和随机模型进行说明,最后结合算例说明此方法的可行性。     

一种基于改进Keren空域配准方法的Papoulis-Gerchberg超分辨率重建

详细介绍Keren亚像素配准算法及其不足,提出Keren算法及其迭代算法的改进算法。该算法基于简化的四参数仿射变换模型而不是传统的刚体变换模型,成功避免了Keren算法因为角度的泰勒级数展开所带来的误差,大大提高了配准精度。实验仿真结果表明该算法与Keren迭代算法相比角度绝对误差有非常显著的降低。最后采用Papoulis-Gerchberg算法进行序列图像的高分辨率重建,实验仿真结果表明基于这种改进配准算法的超分辨率重建效果有较好的提高。     

《地理信息系统》课程教学的探讨

对地理信息系统课程教学,从教学模式、例题设计、学生作业、教学实习等方面进行了探讨     

Numerical integration and FE implementation of a hypoplastic constitutive model

Hypoplastic constitutive equation based on nonlinear tensor functions possesses a failure surface but no yield surface. In this paper, we consider the numerical integration and FE implementation of a simple hypoplastic constitutive equation. The accuracy of several integration methods, including implicit and explicit methods, is examined by performing a set of triaxial compression tests. Adaptive explicit schemes show the best performance. In addition, the stress drift away from the failure surface is corrected with a predictor-corrector scheme, which is verified by two boundary value problems, i.e. rigid footing tests and slope stability.     

Hydrogeological and multi-isotopic approach to define nitrate pollution and denitrification processes in a coastal aquifer (Sardinia,Italy)

Agricultural coastal areas are frequently affected by the superimposition of various processes, with a combination of anthropogenic and natural sources, which degrade groundwater quality. In the coastal multi-aquifer system of Arborea (Italy)—a reclaimed morass area identified as a nitrate vulnerable zone, according to Nitrate Directive 91/676/EEC—intensive agricultural and livestock activities contribute to substantial nitrate contamination. For this reason, the area can be considered a bench test for tuning an appropriate methodology aiming to trace the nitrate contamination in different conditions. An approach combining environmental isotopes, water quality and hydrogeological indicators was therefore used to understand the origins and attenuation mechanisms of nitrate pollution and to define the relationship between contaminant and groundwater flow dynamics through the multi-aquifer characterized by sandy (SHU), alluvial (AHU), and volcanic hydrogeological (VHU) units. Various groundwater chemical pathways were consistent with both different nitrogen sources and groundwater dynamics. Isotope composition suggests a mixed source for nitrate (organic and synthetic fertilizer), especially for the AHU and SHU groundwater. Moreover, marked heterotrophic denitrification and sulfate reduction processes were detected; although, for the contamination related to synthetic fertilizer, the attenuation was inefficient at removing NO₃^? to less than the human consumption threshold of 50 mg/L. Various factors contributed to control the distribution of the redox processes, such as the availability of carbon sources (organic fertilizer and the presence of lagoon-deposited aquitards), well depth, and groundwater flow paths. The characterization of these processes supports water-resource management plans, future actions, and regulations, particularly in nitrate vulnerable zones.     

致密砂岩储集层单因素定量成岩相分析——以华庆地区三叠系延长组长6_3为例

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长63为典型的致密砂岩储集层,从成岩作用角度分析该储集层形成机理及物性分布规律对研究区石油的勘探开发具有重要的意义。在物源及沉积相分析的基础上,结合铸体薄片等化验资料,分析了砂岩的主要成岩作用及绿泥石、碳酸盐岩、伊利石胶结等典型成岩产物的平面分布、成岩产物与原生粒间孔、溶孔的分布关系,并探讨了成岩产物的成因。在上述成岩产物单因素分析的基础上,综合判断划分出了绿泥石膜胶结+剩余粒间孔等7种成岩相。分析了不同成岩相类型的物性,其中绿泥石胶结-剩余粒间孔、绿泥石胶结+溶孔-粒间孔储集层物性最好。     

环首都经济圈矿山地质环境现状及治理对策研究

河北省内环绕北京的十四个县(市、区)作为最早提出的环首都经济圈,是承接北京产业发展布局调整的重点区域,对区内矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理程度对区域环境有着举足轻重的影响,而区内矿山地质环境保护与治理现状情况却不容乐观,地质灾害频发,对圈内矿山地质环境现状和矿山地质环境保护与治理工作成果进行总结分析,提出生产矿区地质环境"边开采,边治理",强制推行露天开采环保作业和建立矿山地质环境监测体系等治理对策措施,矿山地质环境问题逐步改善。