鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系热水岩溶特征

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系深部白云岩中的溶蚀孔洞,其成因属于热水岩溶作用的结果。本文通过成因矿物学及Fe2+ 、Mn微量元素分析和气液包裹体测定,结合岩溶发育的构造背景,深入揭示了本区热水的来源主要为深部循环热水,局部尚有深部上升的热液加入 ;其热能除地温梯度加热、构造运动加热外,在盆地基底古断裂附近可能还有深部热源的影响而形成的中低焓地热流体。充填矿物包裹体均一温度为 15 0～ 34 9℃,气相成分中CO₂ 摩尔浓度达到44.3%～ 5 6.98%。Fe2+ 、Mn微量元素在鄂 6、定探 1、李华 1井、芦参 1井、陕 8井和旬探 1井白云岩中的富集,指示了这些井区是热水运移的主要近源区。认为热水岩溶的发育,对奥陶系内幕储层的形成具有重要意义     

Effects of natural and calcined poultry waste on Cd, Pb and As mobility in contaminated soil

The reuse of waste materials as soil additives could be a welcome development in soil remediation. The mobility of Cd, Pb and As in a contaminated soil was investigated using natural and calcined poultry wastes (eggshell and chicken bone), CaCO₃ and CaO at different application rates (0, 1, 3 and 5 %). The chemical composition accompanied with mineralogical composition indicated that CaCO₃ and CaO were the major components in natural and calcined eggshells, respectively, while hydroxyapatite (HAP) dominated the natural and calcined chicken bones. The results showed that soil pH tended to increase in response to increasing application rates of all soil additives. The effectiveness of the additives in reducing Cd, Pb and As mobility was assessed by means of chemical extractions with 0.1 N HCl for Cd and Pb or 1 N HCl for As, according to Korean Standard Test (KST) method. Both calcined eggshell and chicken bone were equally effective with CaO or CaCO₃ in reducing the concentration of 0.1 N HCl-extractable Cd from 6.17 mg kg^?1 to below warning level of 1.5 mg kg^?1, especially at the highest application rate. The application of calcined eggshell, CaO and CaCO₃ also decreased the concentration of 0.1 N HCl-extractable Pb from 1,012 mg kg^?1 to below warning level of 100 mg kg^?1. The Pb concentration decreased significantly with an increasing application rate of chicken bone, but remained above warning level even at the highest application rate. On the contrary, natural and calcined chicken bones led to a significant increase in the mobility of As when compared with the control soil. These findings illustrate that calcined eggshell in particular is equally effective as pure chemical additives in stabilizing Cd and Pb in a contaminated agricultural soil. The presence of As in metal-contaminated soils should be taken into consideration when applying phosphate-containing materials as soil additives, because phosphate can compete with arsenate on adsorption sites and result in As mobilization.     

资源三号数据在重力中区地形改正中的应用

针对我国资源三号卫星立体影像数据,利用GPS控制点,结合前视、下视、后视区域网平差精化有理函数模型,探讨了资源三号卫星立体影像数据用于重力中区地形改正的高精度DEM生成方法。通过1：1万高精度DEM数据进行地改实验验证表明：资源三号卫星立体影像数据提取的DEM可以满足1：20万区域重力测量中区地改精度要求,为我国重力测量中区地形改正提供了一条有效途径,拓展了资源三号数据在区域重力测量中的应用。     

The application of geochemical pattern recognition to regional prospecting: A case study of the Sanandaj–Sirjan metallogenic zone,Iran

In regional exploration programs, the distribution of elements in known mineral deposits can be used as a guide for the classification of deposits, search for new prospects and modeling ore deposit patterns. The Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (SSZ) is a major metallogenic zone in Iran, containing lead and zinc, iron, gold, copper deposits. In the central part of the SSZ, lead and zinc mineralization is widespread and hitherto exploration has been based on geological criteria. In this study, we used clustering techniques applied to element distribution for classification lead and zinc deposits in the central part of the SSZ. The hierarchical clustering technique was used to characterize the elemental pattern. Elements associated with lead and zinc deposits were separated into four clusters, encompassing both ore elements and their host rock-forming elements. It is shown that lead and zinc deposits in the central SSZ belong to two genetic groups: a MVT type hosted by limestone and dolomites and a SEDEX type hosted by shale, volcanic rocks and sandstone. The results of elemental clustering were used for pattern recognition by the K-means method and the respective deposits were classified into four distinct categories. K-means clustering also reveals that the elemental associations and spatial distribution of the lead and zinc deposits exhibit zoning in the central part of the SSZ. The ratios of ore-forming elements (Sb, Cd, and Zn) vs. (Pb and Ag) show zoning along an E–W trend, while host rock-forming elements (Mn, Ca, and Mg) vs. (Ba and Sr) show a zoning along a SE–NW trend. Large and medium deposits occur mainly in the center of the studied area, which justify further exploration around occurrences and abandoned mines in this area. The application of a pattern recognition method based on geochemical data from known mineralization in the central SSZ, and the classification derived from it, uncover elemental zoning, identify key elemental associations for further geochemical exploration and the potential to discover possible target areas for large to medium size ore deposits. This methodology can be applied in a similar way to search for new ore deposits in a wide range of known metallogenic zones.     

How effective is the new generation of GPM satellite precipitation in characterizing the rainfall variability over Malaysia?

We investigated the potential of the new generation of satellite precipitation product from the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) to characterize the rainfall in Malaysia. Most satellite precipitation products have limited ability to precisely characterize the high dynamic rainfall variation that occurred at both time and scale in this humid tropical region due to the coarse grid size to meet the physical condition of the smaller land size, sub-continent and islands. Prior to the status quo, an improved satellite precipitation was required to accurately measure the rainfall and its distribution. Subsequently, the newly released of GPM precipitation product at half-hourly and 0.1° resolution served an opportunity to anticipate the aforementioned conflict. Nevertheless, related evidence was not found and therefore, this study made an initiative to fill the gap. A total of 843 rain gauges over east (Borneo) and west Malaysia (Peninsular) were used to evaluate the rainfall the GPM rainfall data. The assessment covered all critical rainy seasons which associated with Asian Monsoon including northeast (Nov. - Feb.), southwest (May - Aug.) and their subsequent inter-monsoon period (Mar. - Apr. & Sep. - Oct.). The ability of GPM to provide quantitative rainfall estimates and qualitative spatial rainfall patterns were analysed. Our results showed that the GPM had good capacity to depict the spatial rainfall patterns in less heterogeneous rainfall patterns (Spearman’s correlation, 0.591 to 0.891) compared to the clustered one (r = 0.368 to 0.721). Rainfall intensity and spatial heterogeneity that is largely driven by seasonal monsoon has significant influence on GPM ability to resolve local rainfall patterns. In quantitative rainfall estimation, large errors can be primarily associated with the rainfall intensity increment. 77% of the error variation can be explained through rainfall intensity particularly the high intensity (> 35 mm d^-1). A strong relationship between GPM rainfall and error was found from heavy (~35 mm d^-1) to violent rain (160 mm d^-1). The output of this study provides reference regarding the performance of GPM data for respective hydrology studies in this region.     

甘肃平凉地区正地闪特征分析

利用雷电定位和雷达观测资料对甘肃平凉地区正地闪特性进行了分析。结果表明：正、负地闪回击的上升时间分布范围基本一致，大约在3—20μs之间，其平均值负地闪为8．33μs，正地闪为10．7μs。负地闪回击后的过军时间分布范围较广，在10-130μs之间，其平均值为51μs；正地闪回击后的过军时间分布范围比负地闪要小得多，在10一50μs之间，其平均值为19．67μs。负地闪的反冲深度dp为32％，正地闪为55％。在正负地闪的日变化中，负地闪有两个峰值分别出现在01：00和13：00(北京时，下同)，而正地闪在下午18：00出现一个极大值，正负地闪数的分布呈反相关。降雹时间的峰值与正地闪峰值时间有比较好的一致性，正地闪的发生与云中固态水成物粒子的沉降有关。     

云闪放电通道发展及其辐射特征

利用闪电宽带干涉仪系统,对中国南方(广东)地区云闪时空演变特征、辐射及其相应电场变化特征进行分析研究。根据云闪电场变化波形,云闪放电过程可划分成活跃阶段和最后阶段,辐射源定位结果表明,云闪放电起始于向上发展的负击穿过程,通道向上发展的速度约为3～3.3×105m·s-1。云闪放电的主通道在活跃阶段形成,该期间辐射源随时间演变和相应电场变化表明,云内电荷结构具有上正下负的偶极性电荷结构。云闪的最后阶段辐射源主要在早期形成的通道内出现,其辐射源活动特征与地闪的回击过程比较相似;云闪辐射能量主要集中在2～3MHz以下的低频段,且辐射强度随频率增加迅速减弱。     

利用基于抗差垂直向方差分量估计的GPS-InSAR数据融合方法反演三维形变场

GPS-InSAR数据融合解算三维形变场模型易受观测值粗差影响,且基于方差分量估计的定权方法不具备抵御粗差能力,计算效率低下。鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于抗差垂直向方差分量估计的GPS-InSAR融合解算模型,利用方差分量估计方法及抗差估计理论,通过对观测值最优化分类并进行选权迭代,精确分配权重,进而有效计算三维形变场。试验结果表明,该方法能有效抵御观测值粗差不利影响,提高三维形变场反演精度,提升逐点式计算的三维形变场效率。     

吉林省海沟金矿断裂地球化学预测研究

在总结海沟矿区控矿断裂构造几何形态学，动力学，运动学和地球化学特征基础上，应用数学模拟和GIS图层分析技术，综合分析研究断裂构造控矿规律和金矿成矿地球化学行为，初步建立了断裂构造地球化学定位预测模型。并对矿区主要赋矿构造-28号矿体深部及外围进行打矿预测。     

2012年欧亚寒冷天气过程与北极涛动异常活动的联系

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和CPC逐日北极涛动(AO)指数资料,结合近30年欧亚地区地面气温年际异常变化的可能机理,分析了AO异常波动对2012年欧亚地区严寒天气过程的影响。结果表明,AO发生负异常波动对2012年1—2月欧亚地区异常寒冷天气起到至关重要的作用。AO在12月为正异常波动,次年1—2月则呈现负异常波动,其中1月中下旬至2月中旬的负异常波动过程比较显著。在AO负异常影响下,极涡面积增大,冷空气活动加强,中纬度纬向环流减弱而经向环流增强,造成冷、暖空气交换加剧,极地冷空气南下入侵到中纬度地区,从而导致欧亚大陆异常寒冷天气;同时,由北大西洋及地中海北上的暖湿气流,在遭遇冷空气阻碍后给西欧和南欧一些地区带来了大面积的雨雪天气。