全文获取类型
收费全文 | 715篇 |
免费 | 42篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 52篇 |
大气科学 | 85篇 |
地球物理 | 169篇 |
地质学 | 190篇 |
海洋学 | 38篇 |
天文学 | 133篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 101篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 33篇 |
2018年 | 42篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 45篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 29篇 |
2013年 | 48篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 31篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 53篇 |
2008年 | 39篇 |
2007年 | 36篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有771条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Christian Bigler Evastina Grahn Isabelle Larocque Adam Jeziorski Roland Hall 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,29(4):509-510
Volume Contents
Volume contents 相似文献42.
Adam Ružčka 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):519-522
A simple sticky-particle numerical model has been developed in order to check whether extended structures of gas created due
to the dynamical evolution of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds system can be explained as remnants of a tidal interaction.
Influence of dissipative nature of gaseous medium has been taken into account. The most remarkable features are: the Magellanic
Stream, the common HI envelope surrounding both the LMC and SMC and the bridge extended between the Clouds. In contrast to
previous works of Murai and Fujimoto (1980), Gardiner et al. (1994) and H and Rohlfs (1994) no presumptions were done on the
actual galactocentric velocities of the Magellanic Clouds. The mean values of the LMC and SMC velocity vectors obtained from
the Hipparcos proper motion measurements (Kroupa and Bastian, 1997) were used in order to verify whether they allow to reproduce
the observed HI distribution. Numerical simulations showed that tidal forces are really significant for the evolution of extended
structures such as the Magellanic Stream but this approach becomes unsufficient for the internal regions of galaxies where
self-gravity and dissipative properties of the gas cannot be neglected. More precise proper motion measurements are urgently
needed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
43.
The capture zone or contributing area of a ground water extraction well can be defined as that portion of the aquifer from which the well draws its water. Accurate delineation of capture zones is important in many ground water remediation applications and in the definition of wellhead protection areas. Their mathematical delineation is often simplified by using quasi-steady-state models based on time-weighted average pumping rates and background hydraulic gradients. We present a new semianalytic approach for the definition of capture zones under transient-flow conditions. We then use this approach to evaluate the effects of time variations in the direction of the background hydraulic gradient on capture. Results are presented in the form of capture efficiency maps (CEMs). Although the area contributing to a given well is found to generally expand relative to the steady-state average capture zone when the gradient direction varies, the zone of 100% capture may expand or contract depending on site-specific conditions. We illustrate our CEM approach by applying it to the design of a plume containment system. 相似文献
44.
We investigate the effect of hydrostatic scale heights lambda(T) in coronal loops on the determination of the vertical temperature structure T&parl0;h&parr0; of the solar corona. Every method that determines an average temperature at a particular line of sight from optically thin emission (e.g., in EUV or soft X-ray wavelengths) of a mutlitemperature plasma is subject to the emission measure-weighted contributions dEM&parl0;T&parr0;&solm0;dT from different temperatures. Because most of the coronal structures (along open or closed field lines) are close to hydrostatic equilibrium, the hydrostatic temperature scale height introduces a height-dependent weighting function that causes a systematic bias in the determination of the temperature structure T&parl0;h&parr0; as function of altitude h. The net effect is that the averaged temperature seems to increase with altitude, dT&parl0;h&parr0;&solm0;dh>0, even if every coronal loop (of a multitemperature ensemble) is isothermal in itself. We simulate this effect with differential emission measure distributions observed by SERTS for an instrument with a broadband temperature filter such as Yohkoh/Soft X-Ray Telescope and find that the apparent temperature increase due to hydrostatic weighting is of order DeltaT approximately T0h&solm0;r middle dot in circle. We suggest that this effect largely explains the systematic temperature increase in the upper corona reported in recent studies (e.g., by Sturrock et al., Wheatland et al., or Priest et al.), rather than being an intrinsic signature of a coronal heating mechanism. 相似文献
45.
Pollution of the water environment by mining waters is a problem not only in Poland, but worldwide. This study investigated the mollusc communities in seven mining subsidence reservoirs affected by coal mine output (the Katowicka Upland, Upper Silesia, Southern Poland). The objective of the survey was to determine the relationship between the molluscs and their environments and to evaluate the ecological-conservation value of freshwater habitats which support rare and vulnerable molluscs. From 1993 to 2005, 23 mollusc species were recorded. Our result confirmed an invasion by Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843), whose density varied from 2 to 2422 individuals/m2 in the waters of the Katowicka Upland. A few rare and vulnerable species were found, e.g. Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758), Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ferrissia wautieri (Mirolli, 1960), Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Musculium lacustre (O.F. Müller, 1774) or Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791). Principal component analysis showed a positive correlation between mollusc density and pH, the concentration of chlorides, the total hardness, alkalinity and total dissolved solids, and a negative correlation between the number of species and phosphates. Because of the distinctive environmental features of the mining subsidence reservoirs in Czułów, the research area has provided a refuge for wildlife. 相似文献
46.
This paper critically reviews and intercompares land surface schemes (LSSs) as used in atmospheric general circulation models
(AGCMs) to simulate soil moisture and its response to a warmer climate, and potential evapotranspiration approaches as used
in operational soil moisture monitoring and in predicting the response of soil moisture to a warmer climate. AGCM predictions
of overall soil moisture change are in broad agreement but disagree sharply in some regions. Intercomparison projects have
sought to evaluate the LSSs used by AGCMs for both accuracy and consistency. These studies have found that different LSSs
can produce very different simulations even when supplied with identical atmospheric forcing. As well, LSSs that produce similar
surface results from present-day or control climates often diverge when forced with climatic change data. Furthermore, no
single LSS has been identified that produces an adequate simulation of all of temperature, moisture, evapotranspiration and
runoff. AGCM LSSs must resolve the surface energy balance (SEB) in order to compute realistic heat fluxes between with the
atmospheric model. LSSs have been used with AGCMs in both on-line (fully coupled) and off-line modes. In off-line climatic
change experiments, AGCM predictions of atmospheric temperature and precipitation have been used, along with model downward
radiative fluxes at the surface, to drive their own uncoupled LSS. However, there are simple non-energy-balance methods for
estimating evapotranspiration that have been traditionally used in agricultural and meteorological applications. These schemes
compute a potential evapotranspiration (PE) based on temperature and/or net radiation inputs, with the PE modified based on
the availability of soil moisture. Operational PE approaches have also been used with AGCM data in off-line climate change
experiments. The advantages of this approach are that it is simpler and requires less information, although (like the off-line
SEB approach) it leaves out the simulation of feedbacks between the surface and the atmosphere.Although the SEB approach is
essential for LSSs that must be coupled to AGCMs, this does not necessarily make it superior to an off-line operational PE
LSS when it comes to quantities such as soil moisture. The quality of current observational data is insufficient to demonstrate
that either approach is better than the other. Both approaches should continue to be used and intercompared when predicting
the impacts of climatic change on soil moisture. 相似文献
47.
Adam Carter Benjamin van Wyk de Vries Karim Kelfoun Patrick Bachèlery Pierre Briole 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,69(7):741-756
A clear model of structures and associated stress fields of a volcano can provide a framework in which to study and monitor
activity. We propose a volcano-tectonic model for the dynamics of the summit of Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion Island,
Indian Ocean). The summit contains two main pit crater structures (Dolomieu and Bory), two active rift zones, and a slumping
eastern sector, all of which contribute to the actual fracture system. Dolomieu has developed over 100 years by sudden large
collapse events and subsequent smaller drops that include terrace formation. Small intra-pit collapse scars and eruptive fissures
are located along the southern floor of Dolomieu. The western pit wall of Dolomieu has a superficial inward dipping normal
fault boundary connected to a deeper ring fault system. Outside Dolomieu, an oval extension zone containing sub-parallel pit-related
fractures extends to a maximum distance of 225 m from the pit. At the summit the main trend for eruptive fissures is N80°,
normal to the north–south rift zone. The terraced structure of Dolomieu has been reproduced by analogue models with a roof
to width ratio of approximately 1, suggesting an original magma chamber depth of about 1 km. Such a chamber may continue to
act as a storage location today. The east flank has a convex–concave profile and is bounded by strike-slip fractures that
define a gravity slump. This zone is bound to the north by strike-slip fractures that may delineate a shear zone. The southern
reciprocal shear zone is probably marked by an alignment of large scoria cones and is hidden by recent aa lavas. The slump
head intersects Dolomieu pit and may slide on a hydrothermally altered layer known to be located at a depth of around 300 m.
Our model has the summit activity controlled by the pit crater collapse structure, not the rifts. The rifts become important
on the mid-flanks of the cone, away from pit-related fractures. On the east flank the superficial structures are controlled
by the slump. We suggest that during pit subsidence intra-pit eruptions may occur. During tumescence, however, the pit system
may become blocked and a flank eruption is more likely. Intrusions along the rift may cause deformation that subsequently
increases the slump’s potential to deform. Conversely, slumping may influence the east flank stress distribution and locally
control intrusion direction. These predictions can be tested with monitoring data to validate the model and, eventually, improve
monitoring. 相似文献
48.
Adam Tickell 《Area》1998,30(1):83-90
49.
Adam Kovach Harold W. Fairbairn Patrick M. Hurley Miguel A.S. Basei Umberto G. Cordani 《Precambrian Research》1976,3(5):471-480
Rb/Sr whole rock as well as K/Ar whole rock and mineral age determinations have been carried out on drill core samples obtained from the crystalline basement underlying the Amazonas and Maranhão Basins in Brazil. The data confirm the existence of an ancient basement under the Upper and Middle Amazonas Basin. The primary age of the granitic rocks is estimated at about 1560 Ma which correlates with recent age data obtained on granitic rocks on both sides of the Amazonas syneclise. In some areas the K/Ar ages show a decrease probably due to the effect of the Nickerie thermal episode described previously in the Guayana Shield.In the basement of the interconnected Lower Amazonas and Maranhão Basins Late Precambrian (Caririan) metamorphism and igneous activity seems to have been pervasive. The data allow the continuation of the Brazilian age province known in northeastern Brazil under the Maranhão Basin, linking this province to the Brasilia-Paraguay orogenic belt of similar age. 相似文献
50.
The remains of scales of Hysterocarpus traski Gibbons (Tule perch) were found throughout a 27.44-m core from Clear Lake. Most scales occurred between the mud surface and deposits approximately 11,000 years old. Changes in growth rates of the animals were examined by measuring scale annuli and applying an empirically established regression of fish length on scale radius. The data indicate a pattern of accelerating growth rates, reaching a peak between ?4000 and 2800 BP. After ?2800 BP, growth rates decline markedly. Because the growth rates of these animals are essentially dependent on temperature, the changes observed in the patterns of growth probably reflect changes in climate in the northern Coast Range. The general pattern of inferred temperature increase during the early and middle Holocene, ending between ?4000 and 2800 BP, is consistent with evidence from tree-line studies and palynology indicating higher temperatures in parts of the western United States during this period. 相似文献