1900-2000年非偶极子磁场的全球变化

根据第７代ＩＧＲＦ模型,计算并绘制了１９００-２０００年（时间间隔为５ａ）非偶极子磁场的全球分布,计算和分析了各个磁异常中心位置和强度的变化,东亚正磁异常、大洋洲负磁异常、南大西洋正磁异常、非洲负磁异常和北美洲正磁异常是分布范围广、异常强度大的５个磁异常。南大西洋正磁异常是强度最大的磁异常。在２０世纪９０年代以前,东亚正磁异常的强度位居第２位,９０年代以后,非洲负磁异常的强度（绝对值）超过东亚正磁异常,成为第２大磁异常。磁异常强度增长最快的是非洲负磁异常、南大西洋正磁异常和大洋洲负磁异常。南大西洋正磁异常和非洲负磁异常是磁异常中心位置变化最快的两个磁异常。     

鄂尔多斯砂岩型铀矿床中灰绿色砂岩还原能力影响因素研究

层间氧化型砂岩型铀矿是一种具有实际工业意义的铀矿床,在还原环境下,铀相对难迁移,有利于铀矿床的储存。亚铁离子、硫离子、黄铁矿、有机质等物质都可能对砂岩型铀矿的还原环境发挥作用。为研究鄂尔多斯地区砂岩型铀矿U(Ⅵ)的还原因素,本文对砂岩型铀矿及大量存在的灰绿色砂岩常见的还原性物质亚铁离子、硫离子、黄铁矿、钛铁矿、腐殖酸、甲烷气、氢气对U(Ⅵ)进行了常温常压下的模拟实验,利用极谱法和分光光度法分别测定U(Ⅵ)和U(Ⅳ)的含量,进而分析它们的还原能力。结果表明:亚铁离子和硫离子具有较强的还原性,黄铁矿、钛铁矿和腐殖酸的还原作用甚微,氢气和甲烷气并不参与U(Ⅵ)反应;如10 g灰绿色砂岩经蒸馏水浸泡后,得到1.1~26μg/m L亚铁离子,没有检测出硫离子。说明灰绿色砂岩具有较强还原性的主要原因是其在地下水浸泡下产生的微量亚铁离子发挥作用,揭示了鄂尔多斯地区砂岩型铀矿大量存在的灰绿色砂岩是形成后生水成铀矿的最重要因素。     

Origin and Metamorphism of Corundum‐Rich Metabauxites at Mt. Ismail in the Southern Menderes Massif,SW Turkey

The corundum‐rich metabauxites, found at the northwest limb of an NE–SW‐trending isoclinal recumbent fold at Mt. Ismail, are enclosed in thick‐bedded platform‐type marbles of Late Cretaceous age, surrounding the polymetamorphic core series in the southern part of the Menderes Massif (SW Turkey). The metabauxite horizons observed as typically boudine‐like structure, extend laterally over c. 3 km and are 1 to 5 m thick. These rocks have dominant mineral assemblages of corundum (～50 modal %), chloritoid (～30 modal %), white mica (margarite, muscovite), diaspore, Fe–Ti‐Oxides (ilmenite, ilmenohematite, rutile), and goethite, limonite, pyrite, tourmaline (uvite, schorl) as minor phases. Chemical analyses of whole rock samples and the mineral assemblage indicate that coexisting minerals of metabauxites are highly aluminous. A number of minerals (e.g. chloritoid and margarite) display a large compositional variation reflecting the initial chemical inhomogenetiy of the karstbauxites. The field observations, trace‐element accumulation coefficients, concentration of elements such as Cr, Zr, Ga and Ni and low amounts of immobile elements all suggest that the studied corundum‐rich metabauxites can be classified as karstbauxites, and are more likely to be a product of weathering of intermediate igneous or argillaceous parental rocks, similar to the karstic Tauric bauxites in the Central Taurides (Seydi ?ehir region) and probably are similar in age (Cenomanian–Turonian). In respect of tectono‐metamorphic evolution, the studied corundum‐rich metabauxites were regionally metamorphosed at ～5–6 kbar pressure and 500–600°C as a consequence of the Barrovian metamorphism referred to as the ‘Main Menderes Metamorphism’ related to the ophiolitic obduction onto the Menderes platform from the Izmir–Ankara Suture during the Middle Eocene.     

新疆包古图金矿中发现的自然铋及其找矿勘探意义

包古图金矿Ⅺ区位于新疆西准噶尔包古图地区,为富金属硫化物脉型金矿床,其赋矿围岩为下石炭统希贝库拉斯组凝灰岩和安山岩。成矿过程可划分为热液演化期和表生氧化期,其中热液演化期是主要的金矿化期,由三个热液演化阶段组成：(Ⅰ)石英-硫化物阶段,形成不含金的石英-硫化物脉,主要矿物组合为石英-毒砂-黄铁矿-黄铜矿,成矿流体的温度为460~510℃,log f_S2=-4.8~-6.4;(Ⅱ)硫化物-金-铋阶段,该阶段早期形成毒砂-黄铁矿组合,流体温度为420~470℃,log f_S2 =-5.2~-7.0,晚期沉淀了黄铜矿-辉铋矿-自然铋-自然金组合,是主要的金矿化阶段;(Ⅲ)钠长石-方解石阶段,在围岩中形成以钠长石为主,含少量方解石和石英的细脉。自然铋通常以熔滴状、不规则粒状被毒砂、黄铜矿和黄铁矿包裹,呈脉状充填于毒砂和闪锌矿裂隙中。自然金是该矿中主要的含金矿物,与自然铋共生或在自然铋中呈出溶结构,自然铋常被辉铋矿部分或全部交代。在热液演化早期（阶段Ⅰ）铋主要以Bi₂S₂ (OH) ⁰₂、HBi₂S^-₄的形式运移,随着热液温度和硫逸度的变化Bi₂S₂ (OH) ⁰₂、HBi₂S^-₄分解形成自然铋,但此时热液的温度（420~470℃）高于自然铋的熔点271℃,因此,自然铋主要呈熔融状态存在于热液中,熔融态的自然铋吸附热液中的金形成Bi-Au熔体体系,随着温度下降,Bi-Au熔体固结形成自然铋-自然金组合。成矿体系温度下降,液态Bi-Au合金结晶并分解是包古图金矿的重要成矿机制。     

东准噶尔塔克札勒蛇绿混杂岩带变质作用特征

塔克札勒蛇绿混杂岩带的变质作用 ,具大洋水热变质、俯冲变质和区域低温动力变质作用的特征 ,其中以大洋水热变质作用为主。中志留世末洋盆扩张阶段 ,形成葡萄石、绿纤石相→低绿片岩相→角闪岩相的递增变质特征 ;早石炭世初洋壳向陆壳之下俯冲 ,俯冲变质作用不显著 ,仅见超镁铁岩具叶蛇纹石、纤维蛇纹石及绢石蚀变矿物 ;早石炭世中期塔克札勒有限洋盆开始粘连闭合 ,于晚石炭世早期褶皱造山 ,使蛇绿混杂岩带产生角闪岩相→高绿片岩相→低绿片岩相的退变质特征 ,使蛇绿岩带在辉长岩中由棕色角闪石退变为透闪石、阳起石和绿泥石、绢云母及绿帘石等变质矿物 ,是区域低温动力变质作用的产物 ,属低绿片岩相     

热水塘断层活动性研究

通过野外考察,证实了热水塘断层的存在,对断层的规模、展布特征及其最新活动时代进行了认真地论证。认为该断层为中更新世活动断层,规模较小,晚更新世以来无活动迹象。     

SHIFTING SELF-CORRELATION METHOD INITIALY USED IN THE APPARENT RESISTIVITY OBSERVATION DATA

In this paper,we propose a method of seismic prediction using the geo-electric resistivity shifting self-correlation (SSC),and a numerical test is carried out using random time series analysis to verify the validity of the method.The SSC method is applied to the actual observation data of three geo-electric resistivity stations,and results are obtained as follows:(1) SSC coefficient changes in Ganzi and Shandan stations have good correspondence to earthquake,which is represented mainly by the phased increase of correlation coefficient appearing six months to a year before the earthquake.At the same time,the correlation coefficient anomalies of the two stations also exhibit strong anisotropy.(2) Although Chengdu geo-electric resistivity station had suffered serious disturbance,the correlation coefficient anomaly also has a good correspondence with earthquake.In addition to the validity of the SSC method,it may also be attributed to the magnitude of the earthquake event,the smaller distance of epicenter,and the time of the earthquake.Anisotropy also exists in the anomaly at Chengdu station.(3) By comparing the characteristics of different magnitudes of earthquakes,the results are obtained that,when the magnitude of the selected characteristic earthquake is relatively small,the amplitude of the anomaly before earthquake is different,but when the magnitude is larger,for example M_S ≥ 5.0,the impact on the results of this study is very limited.In addition,we briefly discussed the anisotropy of seismic geoelectrical resistivity anomalies and the selection of the characteristic earthquake.     

造山带沉积盆地与大陆动力学

造山带原型盆地恢复是地质学研究的重要内容,是板块构造研究的难点与前沿,对于理解造山带演化及其大陆动力学具有重要意义.本文从原型盆地恢复的方法出发,评述了前人根据碎屑组成、元素地球化学和碎屑单矿物年代学来进行原型盆地恢复的原理、方法和效果.基于喜马拉雅造山带沉积盆地的实践,提出造山带原型盆地恢复的五个要素:盆地顶底界面、...     

多源高分辨率卫星影像监测黑臭水体的适用性研究

高分辨率卫星的幅宽一般很小,受云雨和轨道回访周期影响,单颗卫星的短时段内覆盖能力有限,因此,单一高分辨率卫星常常无法满足一定时段内的黑臭水体监测需求,需要多源卫星协同监测黑臭水体。为了分析多源高分辨率影像对黑臭水体遥感监测的适用性,本文基于地物光谱仪实测的水体遥感反射率数据,以GeoEye-1、WorldView-2、北京二号(DMC3)、高景一号SV1(SuperView-1)以及GF-PMS系列(GF-1/1B/1C/1D、GF-2、GF-6)传感器波段进行等效计算,结果表明:(1)采用反射率比值模型——BOI(Black and Odorous water Index)模型,GeoEye-1、WorldView-2、SuperView-1和GF-1/1B/1C/1D/2/6影像识别黑臭水体正确率均较高,分别为89.5%、89.5%、92.1%和92.1%。(2)BOI模型不适用于DMC3,这里采用了归一化水体指数NDWI≤0.55判别黑臭水体,识别正确率为89.5%。(3)BOI模型应用于仅有的2景同步卫星影像——GF-2影像,经实测数据验证,识别精度为83.3%,精度较高。针对通州区内的某重叠区,2016年—2021年10颗多源卫星影像协同观测的结果一致性较好,表明了多源遥感影像监测黑臭水体的适用性较好。综合考虑卫星影像空间分辨率和采购成本,给出了合理的协同观测建议。