基于移动通讯技术的数字测图模式

随着各学科不断地融合,远程数据通讯将广泛应用于测绘领域。提出了基于移动通讯的数字测图模式以实现远程数据通讯的思路;详细介绍了全站仪坐标数据到手机,测量草图的绘制与发送,主机对数据的接收以及地形图的绘制一整套数字测图的流程。该系统具有如下特点:1)成图实时,修改及时;2)操作简单,符合测量者的测量习惯;3)可以多组同时发送,主机接收;4)效率高,大大降低了外业人员的工作强度;5)成本低,用户几乎不需要另外投资设备。     

Moho面扰动重力梯度信息的提取

在运用重力和重力梯度资料反演Moho面时,关键步骤之一即是从原始测量信号精确提取只包含该层面单一密度信息的扰动(异常)值。本文主要工作有:1为减小GEMMA Moho团队的点质量模型计算误差而采用正演精度更高的空间域Tesseroid单元体和频谱域球谐分析与综合方法,并对这两种方法进行了结果对比;2如何合理利用地壳先验模型资料。本文中最后提供了基于GOCO03S模型可以用于后续Moho面反演的重力梯度主对角线分量的全球扰动值,并对所有试验数据进行了讨论和分析。     

改进分形海面模型散射信号的分形特性分析

针对分形海面模型的功率谱在空间波数小于基波波数时不能满足正幂率的问题,提出一种统计模型和归一化带限Weierstrass分形模型相结合的1维海面模型,确定了表面功率谱的闭式解,表面功率谱和有关文献的数据进行了对比。在满足Kirchhoff近似的条件下推导该模型电磁散射系数的闭式解,计算了散射系数随时间变化的Hurst指数,进而求得其分形维数。从数值仿真结果可知,表面功率谱和PM谱、南海的实测数据都拟合得很好,验证了模型的有效性,海面所接收信号随时间变化是分形的,并且其分形维数与分形海表面的分形维数几乎相等。     

顾及误差频谱特性的CHZ重力仪航空应用研究

给出了航空重力测量误差频域分析的方法,利用功率谱密度从频域分析了航空标量重力测量系统恢复重力场的能力及影响因素。介绍了CHZ重力仪的主要特点,并利用实测空中重力异常数据及机载GPS动态加速度数据,结合航空重力测量的频谱范围,分析了CHZ重力仪在不同阻尼系数下的动态性能。计算结果表明,采用合适的阻尼系数,CHZ重力仪能够被用于固定翼飞机的航空重力测量。     

MODFLOW 2000 head uncertainty,a first-order second moment method

A computationally efficient method to estimate the variance and covariance in piezometric head results computed through MODFLOW 2000 using a first-order second moment (FOSM) approach is presented. This methodology employs a first-order Taylor series expansion to combine model sensitivity with uncertainty in geologic data. MODFLOW 2000 is used to calculate both the ground water head and the sensitivity of head to changes in input data. From a limited number of samples, geologic data are extrapolated and their associated uncertainties are computed through a conditional probability calculation. Combining the spatially related sensitivity and input uncertainty produces the variance-covariance matrix, the diagonal of which is used to yield the standard deviation in MODFLOW 2000 head. The variance in piezometric head can be used for calibrating the model, estimating confidence intervals, directing exploration, and evaluating the reliability of a design. A case study illustrates the approach, where aquifer transmissivity is the spatially related uncertain geologic input data. The FOSM methodology is shown to be applicable for calculating output uncertainty for (1) spatially related input and output data, and (2) multiple input parameters (transmissivity and recharge).     

Environmental pollution and natural populations: a biomarkers case study from the Iberian Atlantic coast

The degradation of estuaries is a result of human activities which overloads the environment with substances of both industrial and/or natural origins. Bioindicators have been consistently used to interpret effects of contaminants in the environment. In this study, the use of biomarkers (particular measurable characteristics of a bioindicator organism) was used to evaluate the contamination by xenobiotics of Crangon crangon natural populations. The central aim was to evaluate the capability of a battery of biomarkers to discriminate sites with different types of contamination. The activity of the enzymes cholinesterases (ChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were used as biomarkers. In addition, the ChE form(s) present in the cephalotorax of C. crangon were characterised. Organisms were seasonally sampled from winter 2001/2002 to autumn of 2002, at "reference" sites and at sites that receive agricultural, industrial and/or urban effluents. Results obtained in the characterisation of ChE with different substrates and selective inhibitors demonstrate that the form of ChE present in the cephalotorax of C. crangon shows proprieties of vertebrates' AChE and therefore it may be classified as true AChE-like ChE. The battery of biomarkers exhibited seasonal and local variations, apparently related to agricultural, industrial or urban effluent contamination. The tested biomarkers proved to be able to discriminate sources of environmental contamination, and confirms C. crangon as a sensitive species suitable to be used as a bioindicator.     

垂直重力梯度反演Moho面的频谱域公式及其应用

通过求解引力相等原则下的Fredholm积分方程,可以得到不规则单一密度界面(Moho面)的起伏.本文充分参考了前人的理论研究,推导出扰动垂直重力梯度确定Moho面深度的频谱域表达式,该式具有二次项迭代精度.运用此公式进行了全球Moho面的恢复计算,并将该结果与CRUST1.0模型和GEMMA Moho模型进行了对比和验证.     

Distinguishing between natural and aquaculture-derived sediment concentrations of heavy metals in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia

Marine sediment samples were collected in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, to assess the use of a geochemical normalization technique in the identification of a chemical tracer of aquaculture waste material. Zinc and copper were suggested as tracers of feed pellets, while copper was considered an indicator of anti-foulant agents used on netpen systems. The sediment samples were analyzed for carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, water, trace-element, and free sulfide concentrations, and sediment grain-size distribution. Sediment texture analysis revealed a wide range of substrate types from sand to silty loam categories. Strong relationships between sediment texture, sediment porosity, and organic content were observed across both near-field and far-field stations. Excess zinc and copper sediment concentrations, identified using a lithium-normalization technique, were restricted to near-field sampling stations (0 and 30m from netpen systems). The relationships between these metal tracers and organic content and sulfur concentrations were explored to account for variations in sediment concentrations of zinc and copper.     

Weakly nonlinear approximation of periodic flow in phreatic aquifers

Published frequency-domain solutions of periodic flow in aquifers apply strictly to mathematically linear systems that arise when aquifer diffusivity is assumed constant in space and time. This assumption can be invalid in phreatic aquifers that experience spatiotemporal variation in the free surface position and consequent variation in saturated thickness. A weakly nonlinear approach to formulating and solving periodic flow problems in the frequency domain can be applied in situations where conventional linearized approximations break down. The weakly nonlinear equations provide robust approximations of the true nonlinear response and require much less computational effort and time to solve than the full nonlinear problem. Nondimensional rules of thumb are presented for choosing between linear, weakly nonlinear and nonlinear solution strategies.     

UNIX操作系统与Internet网络

根据作者的工作实践，本文提出了ＵＮＩＸ操作系统在互联网络中的作用和对Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网络发展的重要技术及其应用进行了介绍。