基于面板数据的海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展影响的实证研究

文章基于我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)海洋环境和海洋经济的面板数据,将海洋产业结构和海洋产业劳动力要素投入作为控制变量,构建双对数面板数据模型,就海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展的影响进行实证分析。结果表明:海洋环境污染与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系,海洋产业结构与海洋经济发展存在正相关关系,海洋产业劳动力要素投入与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系。基于此,为促进海洋经济的可持续发展,提出加强海洋环境保护和治理、优化升级海洋产业结构以及培养和引进海洋专业人才的建议。     

区域产业升级理论评价和升级目标层次论建构

产业升级相关文献综述表明,区域产业升级具有丰富的理论含义.产业结构升级研究寻求对产业宏观结构比例的统计学意义上的优化;产业地域分工思路则考察产业分布演进的空间格局及其升级含义;企业升级思路则细化到产业内部,指出企业创新以获得更高附加值是产业升级的根本;集群研究则注意到区域产业发展的整体特征,并指出了推动产业集聚、产业联系与创新等升级含义.中国集群实践更进一步验证了集群层面集体效率的提升以及企业发展环境的和谐共进(区域发展目标)也是影响产业升级的重要方面.在讨论产业升级的经济维度与空间维度、个体层面与系统层面的基础上重新构建区域产业发展的理论框架,认为企业升级、集群升级和区域和谐3个层次构成了区域产业升级的3个目标层次,其相互衔接与互动对于区域产业发展具有重要意义.     

Towards an operational system for oil-spill forecast over Spanish waters: initial developments and implementation test

The ESEOO Project, launched after the Prestige crisis, has boosted operational oceanography capacities in Spain, creating new operational oceanographic services and increasing synergies between these new operational tools and already existing systems. In consequence, the present preparedness to face an oil-spill crisis is enhanced, significantly improving the operational response regarding ocean, meteorological and oil-spill monitoring and forecasting. A key aspect of this progress has been the agreement between the scientific community and the Spanish Search and Rescue Institution (SASEMAR), significantly favoured within the ESEOO framework. Important achievements of this collaboration are: (1) the design of protocols that at the crisis time provide operational state-of-the-art information, derived from both forecasting and observing systems; (2) the establishment, in case of oil-spill crisis, of a new specialized unit, named USyP, to monitor and forecast the marine oceanographic situation, providing the required met-ocean and oil-spill information for the crisis managers. The oil-spill crisis scenario simulated during the international search and rescue Exercise "Gijón-2006", organized by SASEMAR, represented an excellent opportunity to test the capabilities and the effectiveness of this USyP unit, as well as the protocols established to analyze and transfer information. The results presented in this work illustrate the effectiveness of the operational approach, and constitute an encouraging and improved base to face oil-spill crisis.     

重庆10 kV高压输电线路雷击火灾事故分析

针对2007年7月12日重庆华浩冶炼有限公司粉末厂火灾事故,用力学性能分析和剩余磁场测试相结合的方法对该厂火灾发生处的10 kV高压输电线路进行鉴定,并结合雷电天气分析,得出该火灾事故是由雷击10 kV高压输电线路造成。该方法为在没有安装录波器和闪电计数器的情况下,判断输电线路故障是否由于雷击引起提供参考。     

Inhibition of coral fertilisation and larval metamorphosis by tributyltin and copper

Fertilisation and larval metamorphosis of reef-building corals are important life history events leading to recruitment of juvenile corals to reef populations. Little is known of the sensitivity of these early life phases to pollution, or their relative susceptibility to certain toxicants compared with established coral colonies. Inhibition of fertilisation and larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) was assessed in response to solutions of the antifoulants tributyltin (TBT) and copper (Cu) using laboratory-based bioassays. Nominal concentrations that inhibited 50% fertilisation and metamorphosis (IC50) were calculated from 4 h fertilisation and 24 h metamorphosis assays and were based on introduced dose. Cu was most potent towards fertilisation with an IC50 of 17.4 micrograms/l. TBT however, proved more toxic to larval metamorphosis having an IC50 of 2.0 micrograms/l. Inert surfaces coated with either Cu- or TBT-based antifouling paint also inhibited fertilisation and metamorphosis. The degree of inhibition was correlated with surface area of the paint coating. These results indicate fertilisation and metamorphosis of coral can be sensitive to active components of antifouling paints.     

利用卷积自编码器重建含噪重力数据

卷积自编码器融合了适于处理相同维度数据映射的自编码器神经网络,以及近年来在图像处理领域取得广泛应用的卷积神经网络。基于深度学习处理重力观测数据图像, 利用卷积自编码器从含噪声的重力图像中重建重力观测图像。首先,随机建模生成大量不同参数的重力异常体,正演其重力异常, 将加入噪声的重力异常和原始重力异常分别作为卷积自编码器的输入和输出进行训练;然后,模拟数据测试表明训练得到的神经网络重建效果良好;最后,用Kauring实验场实测重力数据测试该神经网络的泛化性能,并与快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)滤波、db小波(Daubechies wavelet)滤波方法进行了比较。结果表明,训练好的卷积自编码器重建实测重力数据的平均误差小于FFT滤波方法及db小波滤波,且能避免重力异常特征过度滤波而消失,受噪声干扰小于db小波滤波,综合效果理想。     

用套钻应力解除法和声发射凯塞效应法测定花岗岩中的原位应力

坎伯恩矿业学院等关于干热岩体地热能源项目的研究经验清楚地表明：干热岩体热交换的开发在很大程度上取决于天然裂隙网络与原位应力状态的相互影响。     

GIS中3维空间圆曲线的不确定性εσ模型

随着GIS向3维领域的不断发展,对3维空间元素的不确定性研究日趋重要.基于不确定性理论及概率统计理论,研究GIS中3维空间圆曲线的不确定性模型.首先建立3维空间圆曲线上任意点坐标的微分关系式,然后得到圆曲线上任意点坐标的方差, 进而获得3维空间圆曲线的εσ模型.实际算例表明,3维空间圆曲线误差分布呈现出"两端大,中间小"的趋势.     

水汽层析代数重构算法

讨论了代数重构算法在水汽层析应用中的各种问题,包括约束条件的构造、层析初值的选择、松弛因子的计算、终止条件的确定等,给出了计算最优松弛因子的黄金分割搜索法和确定终止条件的NCP规则,对比分析了Kaczmarz、Randkaczmarz、Symkaczmarz、SART、Landweber、Cimmino、CAV、DROP等8种常见的代数重构算法,并以香港SatRef的观测数据进行了试验。试验结果表明,以上8种代数重构技术都能够满足水汽层析的要求;迭代终止条件比松弛因子更为重要;采用文中计算最优松弛因子的黄金分割搜索法和NCP迭代终止条件,CAV算法结果最优,其次为Cimmino算法。     

态势图标绘内容的选取及生产流程

主要对态势图标绘内容的选取及生产流程进行了梳理和研究,使其能更好地体现信息优势、实现信息共享,为领导和决策机关提供信息支撑。