Glacier retreat,rock weathering and the growth of lichensin the Churup Valley,Peruvian Tropical Andes

The most heavily glacierized tropical range in the world – the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca-has been losing ice since the end of the Little Ice Age(LIA). In this study, the decline of the Churup glacier(9°28'18 " S; 77°25'02" W) and associated processes were documented employing multi-proxy approach including the analysis of remotely sensed images(1948-2016), the Schmidt hammer rock test and lichenometric dating. It is shown that Churup glacier has lost the vast majority of its estimated LIA extent(1.05 ± 0.1 km~2; 45.0×10~6-57.4×10~6 m~3). The rate of glacier retreat is documented to vary in space(SE, SW and NW-facing slopes) and time, with the peak between 1986 and 1995. With an area of 0.045 km~2 in 2016, it is expected that the complete deglaciation of the Churup valley is inevitable in the near future. Recently(post-LIA) exposed bedrock surfaces have shown higher R-values(54.2-66.4, AVG 63.3, STDEV 2.9) compared to pre-LIA exposed surfaces(46.1-59.3, AVG 50.1, STDEV 4.9), confirming the links to the duration of rock weathering. The Lichenometric dating is applied to recently exposed areas and elevations above 4800 m a.s.l., revealing only limited reliability and agreement with the age of deglaciation estimated from remotely-sensed images in such an environment.     

Interrelationship between soil depth and soil properties of Pieniny National Park forest(Poland)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between soil biota such as microbial activity, soil fauna(e.g., earthworms and enchytraeids), and soil physical and chemical properties. The study area was located in Pieniny National Park(PNP) in the Carpathian Mountains in southern Poland. Soil samples were collected from six forest monitoring areas of PNP from two soil layers(at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm down, respectively). The investigated soils were classified to eutric cambisols and had silt or silt loam soil texture. Upon analysis, soil aggregate stability index was connected with other physical, chemical, and biological soil properties.It was noted that the stability index of 3 mm to 5 mm soil aggregates influenced pH and dissolved organic carbon. The stability index of 2 mm to 3 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon, soil moisture, microbial biomass carbon, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and enchytraeid density, and negatively correlated with bulk density, particle density, porosity, and permanent wilting point. The stability index of 1 mm to 2 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with total nitrogen, enchytraeid and earthworm density and negatively correlated with particle density, porosity, and permanent wilting point. The study has shown what factors create a stable soil structure in the forest soils of PNP.     

Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of Two Low Mass Ratio Contact Binary Systems: CRTS J225828.7-121122 and CRTSJ030053.5+230139

The study reports photometric and spectroscopic observations of two recently recognized contact binary systems.Both systems show total eclipses and analysis of the light curves indicates both have very low mass ratios of less than 0.3. We derive absolute parameters from color and distance based calibrations and show that, although both have low mass ratios, they are likely to be in a stable orbit and unlikely to merge. In other respects, both systems have characteristics similar to other contact...     

基于ASCOM标准的天文电动调焦器设计

随着天文技术的不断发展,远程观测和自主观测逐渐成为天文观测的主流趋势,自动调焦技术也越来越受到重视.电动调焦器是天文望远镜不可或缺的附属设备,是实现自动调焦的关键设备.为实现云南天文台丽江观测站10英寸米德望远镜的自动调焦,自行研发了一套天文电动调焦器,设计相关控制电路,制定串口通信协议,并编写了一套开源天文公共对象模...     

荒漠地区红柳大芸人工接种试验研究

通过2007-2008年对荒漠地区红柳大芸人工接种试验研究,为红柳大芸人工栽培提供理论依据和技术措施。在不同起源红柳林中,使用不同质量的大芸种子,采用不同接种深度和距离、不同接种方法、不同接种时间、不同的土壤、不同的定植模式、不同接种穴数等进行人工接种成功率对比试验。采用株行距1m×3m或1m×1m×3m的宽窄行造林模式、3月中旬至5月中旬用后期接种法接种、用纯度〉70％大芸种子、接种深度和水平距离为60cm和40cm成功率最高。     

乌鲁木齐冬季浅薄型焚风对扩散条件及污染物浓度的影响

本文针对峡口城市乌鲁木齐市2013-2015年冬季6个环境监测站、逐时的6类污染物浓度数据,气象数据及风廓线雷达资料,分析了浅薄型焚风对扩散条件及污染物浓度的影响。研究发现：冬季乌鲁木齐出现浅薄型焚风的频率为57.3%,平均气流底高约605m,气流顶高约2108m,气流厚度约1502m;乌鲁木齐市冬季焚风日比非焚风日混合层厚度低200m,逆温层厚度厚344m,逆温差大4.4℃,逆温强度强0.01℃/100m,平均风速小0.1m/s;空气质量各污染等级出现频率焚风日都高于非焚风日,3级高18%,5级以上重度污染高7%;污染物浓度日变化呈双峰结构,并表现为焚风日污染浓度＞冬季平均浓度＞非焚风日污染浓度;污染物浓度（除O3外）空间分布特征为焚风日比非焚风日高。     

土耳其西部新生代斑岩成矿岩浆氧逸度-挥发份元素组成演化特征——来自锆石和磷灰石组成约束

特提斯成矿域中段的土耳其西部集中产出了与俯冲、碰撞-后碰撞、伸展动力学背景有关的斑岩型铜、钼、金矿床。前人已完成了针对这些斑岩型矿床构造背景的大量研究工作,但对于区内不同构造背景下斑岩型矿床的成矿岩浆源区性质、成矿元素-挥发分含量和成矿物质演化关系尚未有系统研究。而这些研究将对认识中特提斯构造域晚白垩世以来在新特提斯洋俯冲、欧亚板块-Tauride-Anatolide板块碰撞和伸展过程中斑岩矿床形成时地壳厚度、壳幔相互作用方式及成矿物质演化过程具有重要意义。本研究选择土耳其西段三个斑岩成矿带(Tavsanli带、Biga半岛成矿带和Afyon-Konya带)内五个斑岩型矿床的成矿岩体与同期侵入岩-火山岩,开展锆石微量元素和磷灰石主量元素研究,限定碰撞与伸展环境下斑岩型矿床成矿岩浆的形成温度、氧逸度条件及其与岩浆形成时地壳厚度的关系,利用磷灰石F-Cl-S含量组成揭示熔体挥发分和硫元素的物质组成,进而约束新特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞-伸展过程中斑岩系统的深部物质演化规律。研究结果表明,土耳其西部新生代斑岩型矿床成矿岩浆锆石大部分落于高水含量-高氧逸度区间,具有相似的稀土元素标准化配分曲线。从始新世到中新世,锆石氧逸度Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值呈现出先降低(斑岩型Cu-Mo矿到斑岩型Mo矿)后升高(斑岩型Mo-Cu矿到斑岩Au矿)的趋势,且相对于斑岩型Mo矿和Mo-Cu矿,斑岩型Au矿和Cu-Mo矿成矿岩体的锆石形成时具有相对较高的氧逸度。绝大部分斑岩型矿床成矿岩体的锆石Eu_N/EU_N~*位于0.4～0.7之间,但斑岩型Mo矿和斑岩型Mo-Cu矿床的锆石具有相对较低的Eu_N/Eu_N~*比值,可能是由于在结晶时熔体受斜长石结晶影响较大。锆石微量元素显示(Yb/Gd和Hf/Y-Th/U)锆石组成大部分受岩浆房中角闪石±榍石±磷灰石分离结晶控制。根据锆石Ti温度计估算土耳其西部斑岩型矿床成矿岩体及其相关岩体的形成温度在650～900℃之间,结晶温度从斑岩型Au矿、斑岩型Cu-Mo/Mo-Cu矿至斑岩型Mo矿呈现递减趋势。对于熔体的挥发分与硫含量组成始新世-渐新世斑岩型Cu-Mo与Mo矿床成矿岩浆相对具有高F和低Cl组成,中新世伸展环境形成的斑岩型Mo-Cu矿和斑岩型Au矿床成矿岩浆Cl含量普遍较高。与成矿岩体同期的暗色包体或基性岩脉中磷灰石计算获得的熔体硫含量均大于侵入体对应熔体的硫含量,且具有不均一的含量组成,表明基性岩浆注入可能为岩浆房提供硫。结合区域动力学和地壳厚度估算,本文认为触发土耳其西部新生代斑岩矿床形成的动力学机制是:在新特提斯洋向北单向汇聚的背景下,北部始新世-渐新世斑岩矿床受控于碰撞后俯冲的新特提斯洋板片(Vardar洋)后撤-回转-断离过程;南部中新世斑岩矿床的形成则受控于爱琴海板片俯冲控制的地壳伸展-减薄过程。北侧Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan缝合带附近的Tavsanli与Biga半岛斑岩成矿带始新世-渐新世斑岩型矿床的形成与熔融-同化-储存-均一过程(MASH)有关,深部地壳热区过程(DCHZ)与中新世Afyon-Konya带斑岩型矿床的形成有关。     

Effects of stand types on recreational preferences of society in the Sub-Alpine Zone,northern Turkey

The main objective of this study was to examine how different stand types influenced the tendency of visitors for varying recreational activities(i.e., hiking, trekking, camping and hunting) from 1993 to 2018 in the surrounding areas of Uluyayla Natural Recreation Site in Bart1n, northern Turkey. A total of 627 visitors were selected on a voluntary basis,and questioned in the form of questionnaire. Most of the participants were in the age of 21-40 years old,and they were mostly(62.4%) male. Most...     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FY-4 LIGHTNING DATA ASSIMILATION ON PRECIPITATION PREDICTIONS

Data from the lightning mapping imager on board the Fengyun-4 meteorological satellite (FY-4) were used to study the assimilation of lightning data and its influence on precipitation predictions. We first conducted a quality control check on the events observed by the first Fengyun-4 satellite (FY-4A) lightning mapping imager, after which the noise points were removed from the lightning distribution. The subsequent distribution was more consistent with the spatial distribution and range of ground-based observations and precipitation. We selected the radar reflectivity, which was closely related to the lightning frequency, as the parameter to assimilate the lightning data and utilized a large sample of lightning frequency and radar reflectivity data from the eastern United States provided by Vaisala. Based on statistical analysis, we found the empirical relationship between the lightning frequency and radar reflectivity and established a look-up table between them. We converted the lightning event data into radar reflectivity data and found that the converted reflectivity and composite reflectivity of ground-based radar observations showed high consistency. We further assimilated the lightning data into the model, adjusted the model cloud analysis process and adjusted the model hydrometeor field by using the lightning data. A rainstorm weather process that occurred on August 8, 2017, in south China was used for the numerical forecast experiment, and three experiments were designed for comparison and analysis: a control experiment, an experiment without the assimilation of FY-4 lightning data (NoLig), and an experiment with the assimilation of FY-4 lightning data (Lig). The results show that after assimilating the FY-4A lightning data, the accuracies of the intensity, central location and range of the precipitation predicted by the Lig experiment were obviously superior to those predicted by the control and NoLig experiments, and the effect was especially obvious in the short-term (1–2 hour) forecast. The studies in this paper highlight the application value and potential of FY-4 lightning data in precipitation predictions.