The Longmen Cloud Physics Field Experiment Base, China Meteorological Administration

Aiming at the needs of mechanism analysis of rainstorms and development of numerical prediction models in south China, the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration and the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences jointly set up the Longmen Cloud Physics Field Experiment Base,China Meteorological Administration. This paper introduces the instruments and field experiments of this base, provides an overview of the recent advances in retrieval a...     

Thermodynamics and Microphysical Characteristics of an Extreme Rainfall Event Under the Influence of a Low-level Jet over the South China Coast

In this paper, the data of Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs), ERA5 reanalysis, sounding, wind profile radar, and dual-polarization radar are used to study an extreme rainfall event in the south China Coast on 11 to 12 May 2022 from the aspects of thermodynamics and microphysical characteristics under the influence of low-level jets (LLJs). Results show that: (1) The extreme rainfall event can be divided into two stages: the first stage (S1) from 0000 to 0600 LST on May 12 and the second stage (S2) from 0700 to 1700 LST on the same day. During S1, the rainfall is mainly caused by the upper-level shortwave trough and the boundary layer jet (BLJ), characterized by strong upward motion on the windward side of mountains. In S2, the combined influence of the BLJ and synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) increases the vertical wind shear and vertical vorticity, strengthening the rainstorm. In combination with the effect of topography, a warm and humid southwest flow continuously transports water vapor to farther north, resulting in a significant increase in rainfall over the study area (on the terrain’s windward slope). From S1 to S2, the altitude of a divergence center in the upper air decreases obviously. (2) The rainfalls in the two stages are both associated with the mesoscale convergence line (MCL) on the surface, and the wind field from the mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) in S1 is in the same direction as the environmental winds. Due to a small area of convergence that is left behind the MOB, convection moves eastward quickly and causes a short duration of heavy rainfall. In S2, the convergence along the MOB is enhanced, which strengthens the rainfall and leads to strong outflows, further enhancing the surface convergence near the MOB and forming a positive feedback mechanism. It results in a slow motion of convection and a long duration of heavy rainfall. (3) In terms of microphysics, the center of a strong echo in S1 is higher than in S2. The warm-rain process of the oceanic type characterizes both stages, but the convective intensity in S2 is significantly stronger than that in S1, featuring bigger drop sizes and lower concentrations. It is mainly due to the strengthening of LLJs, which makes small cloud droplets lift to melting levels, enhancing the ice phase process (riming process), producing large amounts of graupel particles and enhancing the melting and collision processes as they fall, resulting in the increase of liquid water content (LWC) and the formation of large raindrops near the surface.     

利用鱼眼相机对人群进行运动估计

人群运动估计是人群行为分析的重要步骤。特定场景的人群运动分析和监控,是维护公共安全和社会稳定的一个必要措施,也是视频监控领域的一个研究难点。利用鱼眼相机视场大、无视觉盲区的优点,提出了一种基于特征点光流的人群运动估计方法。首先,采用一种基于面积反馈机制的混合高斯背景差分方法,对原始视频图像进行预处理,并利用圆拟合的方法获取兴趣区域;其次,为了在保证准确描述人群目标的同时提高算法的实时性,提出一种基于边缘密度非均匀采样的人群特征点提取方法来描述运动的人群目标,并利用Lucas & Kanade光流法计算光流场;最后,为了解决远近人群的尺寸大小不一致的问题和鱼眼相机的畸变问题,采用鱼眼相机的透视加权模型,计算人群运动加权统计直方图,获取人群在鱼眼图像中的全局运动方向和速度。实验结果表明,针对密集的人群,该方法能有效、实时地估计人群的运动方向和速度,为人群行为分析提供有力的研究基础。     

西天山阿希浅成低温热液金矿床剥蚀改造过程探讨

阿希金矿床是新疆西天山成矿带上与晚古生代火山岩有关的典型浅成低温热液型金矿床。矿区包括热液成因和沉积成因2种类型的金矿体。其中,热液成因金矿体明显受近南北向断裂控制,并遭受一定的剥蚀改造,矿体空间形态变化特征及黄铁矿热电性标型特征显示矿床南段比北段剥蚀程度高,矿体金品位和厚度质量参数空间分布特征显示矿体具有向北侧伏特征;沉积底砾岩型金矿体角度不整合于热液成因矿体之上,其含矿砾石类型和稀土元素分布特征与热液型矿体基本一致,为热液型矿体遭受剥蚀并在北东部阿恰勒河组中沉积的产物。基于以上认识,并结合矿床的形成、产状变化特征、区域构造地质演化等资料的深入分析,建立了阿希浅成低温热液型金矿床的剥蚀改造模式。