冲积平原区土壤中稀土元素分布模式及其示踪作用

根据科研生产工作的实际需要,借鉴稀土元素分布模式示踪物源的方法,对冲积平原景观区土壤中稀土元素的分布模式进行了系统研究。结果发现冲积平原区土壤中稀土元素分布模式总体规律大同小异,表明冲积平原区成壤母质特性基本相同。利用稀土元素分布模式的细微差异能够有效判别成壤母质特性的变化。     

Database application platform for earthquake numerical simulation

Introduction In recent years, all kinds of observation networks of seismology have been established, which have been continuously producing numerous digital information. In addition, there are many study results about 3D velocity structure model and tectonic model of crust （Huang and Zhao, 2006; Huang et al, 2003; Li and Mooney, 1998）, which are valuable for studying the inner structure of the earth and earthquake preparation process. It is badly needed to combine the observed data, experimental study and theoretical analyses results by the way of numerical simulation and develop a database and a corresponding application platform to be used by numerical simulation, and is also a significant way to promote earthquake prediction.     

抽水对地下水位、汞、氡的影响——以古城试验为例

介绍了在内蒙古古城进行的同层抽水对水位、水温(地热)、气氡、气汞、水氡与水汞影响的观测试验及其结果。结果表明,抽水对井水位影响最大,影响距离可达近1 km;对水温影响较为明显;对气氡、气汞的影响不明显;水氡与水汞的动态可能有一定影响,但影响幅度不大。     

纹理特征在Aster影像数据分类中的应用

利用灰度共生矩阵的多光谱影像纹理分析的方法,实现了利用k-mean算法对Aster影像数据进行分类,并对基于单波段影像纹理的分类结果、单纯光谱信息分类结果和结合基于主要波段影像纹理的分析方法及在分类过程中结合掩膜等技术所得纹理特征影像分类结果进行比较。     

Comparison of CO2 Effluxes and Their Driving Factors Between Two Temperate Steppes in Inner Mongolia, China

Soil respiration is a key component of the global terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. The static opaque chamber method was used to measure the CO2 effluxes from soil of a semiarid Aneurolepidium chinense steppe and a Stipa krylovii steppe in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia, China from March 2002 to December 2004. The results indicated that the soil respiration rates of the semiarid Aneurolepidium chinense steppe and the Stipa krylovii steppe were both relatively high from mid-May to mid-September of each year and remained low during the rest of the year. The minimum value of soil respiration occurred in December or January and negative effluxes of CO2 appeared for several days during the non-growing season of individual years at the two sampling sites. A high annual variation was found in the two steppes with the coefficients of variance (CV) being over 94%, even high to 131%. The annual sums of soil CO2 efflux of the Aneurolepidium chinense steppe varied between 356.4 gC m?2 yr?1 and 408.8 gC m?2 yr?1, while those of the Stipa krylovii steppe in the three years were in the range of 110.6 gC m?2 yr?1 to 148.6 gC m?2 yr?1. The mean respiration rates of the Aneurolepidium chinense steppe were significantly higher than those of the Stipa krylovii steppe in different statistical periods with the exception of the non-growing season. About 59.9% and 80.6% of the soil respiration variations in both steppes for the whole sampling period were caused by the changes of temperature and soil water content. In the Aneurolepidium chinense steppe, the soil respiration rate has significant or extremely significant positive correlation (r = 0.58 ? 0.85, p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) with air temperature and ground temperature of the topsoil except in 2002; the unique contributions of temperature change to the soil respiration variation of the three years were 53.3%, 81.0% and 58.6%, respectively. But, for the Stipa krylovii steppe in the same time interval, the soil water content (especially that of the 10–20 cm layer) has a greater effect on the change of soil respiration, and the unique contributions of the change of the 10–20 cm soil water content to the variations of soil respiration in 2002 and 2003 were 60.0% and 54.3%, respectively. In 2004, in spite of the higher contribution of temperature than soil water content, the contribution of ground temperature at a depth of 10 cm was only 46.2%, much weaker than that of any single year in the Aneurolepidium chinense steppe.     

利用大样本岩石破裂实验模拟扩容-扩散孕震模式的某些结果(一)s

用采自现场的500 mm500 mm1 000 mm的天然灰岩,在注水条件下模拟扩容-扩散(D-D)孕震模式,并以多种监测手段追踪受载岩石样品从变形、微裂到大破裂全过程有关的物理场的时空演化特征．分析视电阻率结果表明:① 受载岩石从微裂到大破裂全过程与电阻率前兆的时空演化进程基本吻合;② 电阻率前兆的时间进程具有阶段性,空间分布具有差异性;③ 岩石大破裂前观测到明显的趋势异常和短期前兆,并发现部分似可被确认为临震异常的电阻率前兆．电阻率的变化和分布特征似乎显示了与岩石样品受载过程的膨胀现象有某种内在联系．但未找到岩石膨胀的直接证据．最后,从理论上探讨了受载岩石样品电阻率变化的机理．      

石油侵位对碎屑储集岩成岩序列的影响及其与孔隙演化的关系--以塔西南坳陷石炭系石英砂岩为例

塔里木盆地西南坳陷地区的石炭系石英砂岩为一套分布稳定的滨浅海相碎屑岩沉积,在不同地区均具有相似的初始孔隙度。但在成岩期间,由于受构造活动的影响,在塔西南坳陷内部形成了两个重要的次级构造单元,即巴楚隆起区和麦盖提斜坡区,从而导致石炭系石英砂岩经历了不同的埋藏成岩环境的改造,具体体现在其成岩演化序列上具明显的差异性。在巴楚隆起区石炭系砂岩经历了稳定的持续埋藏成岩环境的改造,其成岩演化序列比较完整,各种成岩矿物的溶解、沉淀均在水－岩两相反应系统中进行,成岩阶段可达晚成岩阶段B期,甚至C期,因此砂岩原生孔隙破坏严重,平均孔隙度小于5％。而在麦盖提斜坡区,石炭系石英砂岩由于埋藏成岩深度始终小于隆起区,因此其成岩阶段多分布在晚成岩A期－B期,特别是石油侵位作用的影响,使成岩反应在水－油－岩三相介质中进行,从而抑制了多数自生粘土矿物的沉淀作用,导致成岩演化序列的不连续性,但同时又保存了许多有效的储集空间,使该区砂岩平均孔隙度保持在7％±,高于隆起区,据此认为麦盖提斜坡区是近期在石炭系砂岩储层中进行油气勘探的最有利区域。     

翡翠表皮特征与内部质量关系的认识

翡翠,色彩艳丽、质地细腻、晶莹剔透,自古以来深受人们喜爱。未经加工的翡翠称为“璞”,即原料,翡翠原料具有独立的个体,大小不一,形态各异,但却貌不惊人。其诱人的色彩被表皮严严实实地包裹着,一点也看不清。要了解玉石内部颜色的深浅、分布、玉肉的粗细、裂纹的多寡,必须通过表皮的特征进行分析研究,予以确定。这种方法称为“相玉”。通过长期的实践,总结出从岩石矿物的结构构造特征,运用辨证唯物主义的观点去相玉。     

人地关系与经济布局理论创新与突破：论吴传钧院士的地理学思想

吴传钧先生是中外著名的杰出地理学家,曾荣任两届（１９８８－１９９６）国际地理联合会副会长,现任中国地理学会理事长。在８０华诞之际,同时发表《人地关系与经济布局》、《现代经济地理学》和《中国经济地理》三部巨著,突出显现先生学术风采。先生的学术思想极其活跃,达到炉火纯青之境,不愧为当代中国地理学的大师。在复兴人文地理学中,先生发挥着关键性作用,建立了历史功勋。本文扼要地介绍先生的人地关系与经济布局的理论创新,以及在地理学,尤其是在人文地理学（涵经济地理学、农业地理学、土地利用学、资源综合考察、国土整治与国土规划）和国际地理学术交流领域的杰出贡献。