西藏蛇绿岩中二种合金矿物新变种

在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的东部，距拉萨200km的泽当罗莎蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中，发现有种类繁多的合金矿物，铬铁镍矿和依铁镍矿就是其中二种。铬铁镍矿分子式：Ni0.41Fe0.35Cr0.24，为等轴晶系，空间群为Fm3m，晶胞参数a=0.35622(2)nm。铱铁镍矿分子式：Ni0.66Fe0.18Ir0.16，属等轴晶系，空间群Oh^5-Fm3m，晶胞参数a=0.46486(4)mm。     

高速铁路无砟轨道地基泥岩膨胀性分类分级研究

红层泥岩是一种典型侏罗系沉积岩,其含有微量黏土矿物,易遇水软化、失水崩解,具有一定膨胀性,是引起兰新高速铁路路基持续上拱变形的一个重要因素,故重新判定该种土体膨胀性对高速铁路无砟轨道设计和施工具有重要意义。为此,选取等效蒙脱石含量、阳离子交换量、自由膨胀率和液限为泥岩膨胀性判别指标,通过兰新高速铁路上拱地段大量钻孔实测资料,提出了泥岩膨胀等级分级标准,采用改进层次分析法、基尼系数法和直觉模糊理论确定了判别指标组合权重,基于逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS法)建立了泥岩膨胀性直觉模糊综合评价模型。结果表明:直觉模糊综合评价模型将泥岩膨胀性进行了定量化,克服了同一试样不同指标属于不同等级判别缺陷;室内膨胀量试验验证了膨胀等级分级标准和直觉模糊综合评价模型对兰新高铁地基泥岩适用性和准确性。研究成果对地基红层泥岩高速铁路路基长期持续上拱变形风险评估和工程控制措施提供技术支撑。     

日照市土壤地球化学元素分布规律及成因探讨

在日照市开展多目标区域地球化学调查,获取了表层土壤和深层土壤地球化学数据,通过对获得的地球化学参数进行统计分析,确定了日照市土壤地球化学基准值和背景值,认为日照市除部分元素或指标外,大部分元素或指标土壤地球化学基准值和背景值与全省土壤地球化学基准值和背景值接近。研究发现,日照市As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn等8种重金属元素背景值含量低于国家土壤环境质量标准的土壤一级标准限值,日照市土壤质量基本保持自然背景水平;而受工业化生产和城市化建设等后期人为活动影响,日照市表层土壤中Cd,C,Hg,N,P,S,Se,Corg等元素或指标出现明显富集,应引起重视。     

黄海、东海区域漫衰减系数光谱遥感反演及激光测深性能评估

本文在总结和比较中国现有黄海、东海海域漫衰减系数反演算法的基础上,利用水色测量数据分析得到漫衰减系数Kd(532)与Kd(490)之间的关系,为激光测深系统(以CZMIL为例)的性能评估提供了基础。利用MODIS二级数据产品评估了中国黄海、东海海域在CZMIL海道测量模式下最大可测水深的空间分布。研究结果表明CZMIL在黄海、东海海域可测水深基本在0—50 m,该区域的面积占研究区域面积的比例为76.2%,为浅海海域开展激光测深作业提供了测深能力评估的依据和方法。     

Size-dependent responses of zooplankton to submerged macrophyte restoration in a subtropical shallow lake

To explore the size-dependent responses of zooplankton to submerged macrophyte restoration, we collected macrophyte, zooplankton and water quality samples seasonally from a subtropical shallow lake from 2010 to 2012. Special attention was given to changes in rotifers and crustaceans(cladocerans and copepods). The rotifers were grouped into three size classes(200 μm, 200 μm–400 μm, 400 μm) to explore their size-related responses to macrophyte restoration. The results showed that during the restoration, the annual mean biomass and macrophyte coverage increased significantly from 0 to 637 g/m~2 and 0 to 27%, respectively. In response, the density and biomass of crustaceans and the crustacean-to-rotifer ratio increased significantly, while the rotifer density decreased significantly. Moreover, rotifers showed significant sizedependent responses to macrophyte restoration. Specially, rotifers 400 μm were significantly suppressed, while those ≥400 μm were significantly encouraged. Overall, the population of large-sized zooplankton tended to boom, while that of small rotifers was inhibited during macrophyte restoration. Redundancy analysis(RDA) revealed positive correlations between macrophytes and crustaceans, rotifers and COD or Chl-a, but negative correlations between macrophytes and COD or Chl-a, and between crustaceans and Chl-a. Moreover, the results indicate that increased predation on phytoplankton by large-sized zooplankton might be an important mechanism for macrophyte restoration during development of aquatic ecosystems, and that this mechanism played a very important role in promoting the formation of a clear-water state in subtropical shallow lakes.     

Statistical features of aftershock distribution size for moderate and large earthquakes in Chinese mainland

Based on data of earthquake sequences with MS≥5.0 in Chinese mainland from 1970 to 2004,for different se-quence types and different rupture modes of the main shock,the relationship between aftershock distribution size Rand the magnitude of the main shock M0 has been studied statistically.Considering the rupture mode of the mainshock,we give the quantitative statistical relationships between R and M0 under 95%confidence level for differentsequence types.Qualitatively,lgR,the logarithm of the aftershock distribution size,is positively correlative to theM0,but the data distribution is dispersed.Viewing from different sequence types,the correlation between R and M0is very weak for isolated earthquake type(IET)sequence,R distributes in the range from 5 to 60 km;For main-shock-aftershock type(MAT),lgR is positively correlative to M0;For multiple main shock type(MMT),the core-lation between lgR and M0 is not very obvious when M0≤6.2 and R distributes in the range from 5 to 70 km,whileit shows a linear correlation when M0≥6.3.The statistical results also show that the occupational ratios of differentsequence types for strike-slip and oblique slip are almost the same.But for dip-slip(mostly are thrust mechanisms),the ratio of MAT is higher than that of IET and MMT.Comparing with previous results,it indicates that,when M0is large enough,R is mainly determined by M0 and there is almost no relationship with the rupture mode of themain shock.     

辽宁地区上地幔各向异性研究

利用辽宁数字地震台网2013—2017年间15个宽频带地震台站记录到的震中距在85°到140°之间的且Mw≥5.5的远震SKS波形数据,基于SplitLab软件,使用旋转相关法、最小切向能量法和最小特征值法,计算每一个台站的SKS快波偏振方向和快、慢波的延迟时间,获得辽宁地区上地幔各向异性参数共398对。结果显示,辽宁地区存在比较明显的上地幔各向异性,快波偏振方向大部分呈NWW方向,与中生代晚期岩石圈伸展形变方向一致;各向异性快慢波延迟时间在0.4～1.2 s之间,可以推测软流圈对各向异性的影响比较小,主要是由残留在岩石圈的古老形变所导致。     

构造煤结构与煤层气赋存研究进展

碎软煤的完整原样制取困难,需要加工制成重塑煤体,为了研究不同压制荷载对煤体物性特征的影响,以重塑煤体为研究对象,基于低温液氮的孔隙测试实验和高压容量法的甲烷吸附实验,探讨不同成型荷载而成的重塑煤体的微小孔结构及其吸附特性的差异。结果表明：不同成型荷载压制而成的重塑煤体,其微孔和小孔的孔容随着成型荷载的增大而略微减少,孔比表面积随着成型荷载的增大而略微增加,总孔体积减少和孔比表面积增加的幅度不大;通过分形理论发现无论高压段还是低压段,孔隙结构具有明显的分形特征,且在高压段的分形维数普遍低于低压段,不同荷载压制而成的重塑煤体的分形维数差别不大;等温吸附线均符合第Ⅰ类等温吸附曲线,Langmuir模型适用于描述重塑煤体的等温吸附,成型荷载对煤的吸附常数有一定的影响,其对吸附常数b值的影响大于对a值的影响。研究不同成型荷载下重塑煤体的吸附特性,为不同条件下型煤制作及冷冻取心实验提供参考。     

西藏努日晚白垩世埃达克岩:洋脊俯冲的产物

前人对冈底斯带晚白垩世埃达克岩的成因和地球动力学背景存在不同的认识.对努日地区的石英闪长玢岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学及Hf同位素研究.结果表明,努日石英闪长玢岩侵位于96.5±1.3 Ma,以高SiO₂（63.96%~65.75%）、Al₂O₃（14.37%~15.99%）、MgO（2.12%~2.39%）、Sr（362×10-6~575×10-6,平均为467×10-6）含量,低Y（8.94×10-6~11.50×10-6）、Yb（0.81×10-6~1.06×10-6）含量及高Sr/Y比值（33.52~60.65）为特征,显示埃达克岩地球化学特征.岩石属低钾-中钾钙碱性准铝质花岗岩（A/CNK=0.81~0.96）,富集LREE、亏损HREE,富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）、亏损高场强元素（HFSE）,无明显负Eu异常.锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-0.3~+15.2（主要为+10.0~+15.2）,二阶段模式年龄t_DM2为187~1 173（主要为187~516 Ma）,表明源区以俯冲洋壳为主,并可能卷入了少量俯冲沉积物.岩石具有较高的Mg#值和相容元素Cr、Ni含量,表明熔体在上升过程中与地幔发生了相互作用.通过与南冈底斯典型埃达克岩对比,认为努日石英闪长玢岩是在洋脊俯冲背景下、穿过板片窗的高热流导致板片窗边缘的洋壳（及少量俯冲沉积物）部分熔融形成的.      

依兰盆地达连河组油页岩成矿模式及类型

提要：达连河油页岩含矿区位于黑龙江省依兰地区,该区是一个半地堑式断陷盆地。古近系达连河组为一个完整的三级层序,油页岩形成于水进体系域和高水位体系域发育时期。本文认为达连河组油页岩存在两种成矿模式,即湖泊-沼泽相油页岩成矿模式、浅湖相-半深湖相油页岩成矿模式;不同成矿类型油页岩分布于层序的不同体系域,古地貌型、沉积密集段型油页岩成矿常分布于水进体系域,沉积密集段型、气候型油页岩成矿位于高水位体系域。