Sources and transport of organic carbon from the Dongjiang River to the Humen outlet ofthe Pearl River,southern China简

Transport of organic carbon via rivers to estuary is a significant geochemical proc- ess in the global carbon cycle. This paper presents bulk total organic carbon （TOC） from the Dongjiang catchment to the adjacent Humen outlet, and discusses the applicability of 613C and ratio of carbon to nitrogen （C/N） as indicators for sources of organic matter in the surface sediments. Survey results showed that organic carbon concentration in summer were higher than in the winter. An elevated trend of TOC occurred along the river to the Humen outlet in both surveys, and the highest mean values of dissolved and particular organic carbon （DOC-279 μmol L-1 and POC-163μmol L-1） were observed in the urban deltaic region in summer flood flow. Winter samples had a wide range of b＇13C and C/N （5-3C -24.6%o to -30.0%o, C/N 4-13）, and summer ones varied slightly （8-3C -24.2%o to -27.6%0, C/N 6-18）. As results suggest that POC in the three zones of upstream-delta-outlet dominantly came from riverbank soil, phytoplankton and agricultural C3 plants in winter, whereas main sources were from the riverbank and mangrove soil in summer. Moreover, anthropogenic sewage inputs had 11% and 7% contribution to POC in the deltaic and outlet. Transport accompanied with seasonal freshwater variation, phytoplankton production and degradation, and removal be- havior caused variation of organic carbon concentration. The results also discovered that TOC export bulk in Dongjiang was approximately one quarter of Humen flux in the dry flow, and anthropogenic activity significantly impacted the river export contribution.     

The Oldest Paleo-Tethyan Ophiolitic Mélange in the Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau

正An Early Paleozoic ophiolitic mélange has recently been documented in the W.Gangma Co area,north-central Tibetan Plateau.It is composed of serpentinite,isotropic and cumulate gabbros,basalt and plagiogranite.Whole-     

The Combined Effect of Tibetan Plateau Uplift and Glacial-Interglacial Cycles on the Quaternary Evolution of the East Asian Monsoon: Evidence from South China Sea Sediments

The siliciclastic sediments of the uppermost section of 185 mcd(meters composite depth) from ODP Site 1146 on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea(SCS) were partitioned according to their sources using end-member modeling on grain-size data. The goal was to evaluate the evolution of the East Asian monsoon over the past 2 million years. The siliciclastic sediments were described as hybrids of four end-members, EM1, EM2, EM3, and EM4, with modal grain sizes of 8–22 μm, 2–8 μm, 31–125 μm, and 4–11 μm, respectively. EM1 and EM3 are interpreted as eolian dust and EM2 and EM4 as fluvial mud. The ratio of eolian dust to fluvial mud((EM1+EM3)/(EM2+EM4)) is regarded as an indicator of the East Asian monsoon. The variation in this ratio not only shows periodical oscillations consistent with oxygen isotope stages, but also exhibits a phased increasing trend corresponding with the phased uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that the evolution of the East Asian Monsoon was controlled not only by glacial-interglacial cycles, but also by the phased uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau during the Quaternary.     

Study on the Production Technology of Sulfate－Potassium Magnesium from Jinaier Salt Lake Brine in Qinghai

正As a natural mineral,Potash Magnesium Sulphate fertilizer has a quite high nutrient utilization rate without affecting soil p H in long time running related to Potassium Sulphate.And to displace Potassium Sulphate with Potash     

Hydrochemistry of the Gasikule Salt Lake,Western Qaidam Basin of China

正The Qaidam Basin is a large intermontane depression in Qinghai Province,China,which located on the northern margin of the Tibet plateau,and surrounded by the Qilian,Kunlun and Aljun mountains which rise to more than 5000m.Some 27 salt lakes occur within the basin,occupying an area of approximately 1500 km2.Additionally,there are extensive areas of dry playas.Together,the playas and salt lakes cover about one quarter of the total basin area.Whereas the western     

Molecular diversity of Thermococcales isolated from Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vents

Members of Thermococcales are organoheterotrophic hyperthermophilic anaerobes consisting of three genera, Thermococcus, Pyrococcus, and Palaeococcus, among which Thermococcus are the most frequently isolated. In this study, a variety of Thermococcales strains were isolated from the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vents under different temperatures and pressures. Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences, all the strains isolated from 85 C or 95 C enrichment cultures at ambient pressure were classified as Thermococcus, while strains isolated from 108 C-30 MPa enrichment cultures belonged to Pyrococcus. The combination of high pressure and high temperature for enrichment was shown to be an efficient method for isolating Pyrococcus strains. Through selecting and analyzing with multiple molecular phylogenetic markers, the isolated Thermococcales strains were found quite diversified including several putative novel species. This demonstrates a vast genetic reservoir of Thermoccoccales in the deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and a fast evolving of the Thermococcales species adapting to the fast changing environment.     

Numerical Simulation on Development Mechanism of Meso- Scale Flow Field During a Heavy Rain Process in Henan Area

Numerical simulation of a heavy rainfall case in Henan area during 16-17 July 2004 is performed using the LASG (State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics) mesoscale model AREM (Advanced Regional Eta Model) developed by Yu (1989) and Yu et al. (1994). The results are shown: the air in the middle part of troposphere within the horizontal range of meso-βscale convective system is heated by condensation latent heat. The isobaric surface in the middle and upper part of troposphere is rising, and thus meso-βscale high is formed; the isobaric surface in the lower part of troposphere is depressed, and thus meso-βscale low is formed. The interaction between the high and low layer flow promotes the strong development of the vertical motion. While the rising motion is developing strongly, obvious compensation sinking motion appears around it. In the south of rising motion region, the divergence current in the upper part of troposphere back lows towards south, which leads to the vertical circulation appearing in the upper part of troposphere. The sinking branch of the circulation integrates in the compensation sinking air current in the south of rising motion region and takes the horizontal momentum of upper air to the lower part of troposphere and forms a new meso-βscale jet. In the north of the rising motion region, a mesoscale vertical circulation develops in the low layer of troposphere. The divergence current of the sinking branch of the circulation, which flows southward, converges with warm and humid air current in the low layer of troposphere which flows from southwest, and forms a meso-βscale convergence line. Then it strengthens the convergence over the low level of heavy rain area. In the east of the rising motion region, a mesoscale vertical circulation also develops in low layer of troposphere. The divergence current of the sinking branch of the circulation, which flows westward, causes originally more consistent southwest air current in this region to the east deflection, and thus forms the cyclone curve in the southwest air current. The convergence is further strengthened in the meso-βscale convergence line.The strong development of ageostrophic vorticity in the lower part of troposphere is the important factor of the formation of the meso-βscale cyclone. At last the three-dimensional structure chart of development of heavy rain meso-βscale stream filed is given.     

Characteristics of Oil Sources from the Chepaizi Swell,Junggar Basin,China

<正>So far there has been no common opinion on oil source of the Chepaizi swell in the Junggar Basin.Therefore,it is difficult to determine the pathway system and trend of hydrocarbon migration, and this resulted in difficulties in study of oil-gas accumulation patterns.In this paper,study of nitrogen compounds distribution in oils from Chepaizi was carried out in order to classify source rocks of oils stored in different reservoirs in the study area.Then,migration characteristics of oils from the same source were investigated by using nitrogen compounds parameters.The results of nitrogen compounds in a group of oil/oil sand samples from the same source indicate that the oils trapped in the Chepaizi swell experienced an obvious vertical migration.With increasing migration distance,amounts and indices of carbazoles have a regular changing pattern(in a fine linear relationship).By using nitrogen compounds techniques,the analyzed oil/oil sand samples of Chepaizi can be classified into two groups.One is the samples stored in reservoir beds of the Cretaceous and Tertiary,and these oils came from mainly Jurassic source rock with a small amount of Cretaceous rock;the other is those stored in the Jurassic,Permian and Carboniferous beds,and they originated from the Permian source.In addition,a sample of oil from an upper Jurassic reservoir(Well Ka 6), which was generated from Jurassic coal source rock,has a totally different nitrogen compound distribution from those of the above-mentioned two groups of samples,which were generated from mudstone sources.Because of influence from fractionation of oil migration,amounts and ratios of nitrogen compounds with different structures and polarities change regularly with increasing migrating distance,and as a result the samples with the same source follow a good linear relationship in content and ratio,while the oil samples of different sources have obviously different nitrogen compound distribution owing to different organic matter types of their source rocks.These conclusions of oil source study are identical with those obtained by other geochemical bio-markers. Therefore,nitrogen compounds are of great significance in oil type classification and oil/source correlation.