Mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of sodium alginate onto modified clays

Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of AOMs onto modified clays. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and kaolinite modified with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were used as AOMs and modified clay model substances, respectively, and the effects of modifier dosage, contact time, solution pH and ionic strength were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics revealed that the alginate adsorption rate was described well by a pseudo-second order model. PACl effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and increased the adsorption rate, and the optimum additive amount of PACl was 5%. The experimental data fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations well. The adsorption thermodynamics for alginate onto modified clays suggests that alginate adsorption is a spontaneous process. The adsorption of alginate onto modified clays was highly dependent on pH, with a decrease in adsorption observed with increased pH to 9.48, but the opposite was true above pH 9.48. Finally, adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength.     

水母伞径和饵料密度对海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)捕食率的影响

海月水母在全球范围内大量暴发,严重危害海洋生态系统的健康以及鱼类资源的可持续利用。本文以卤虫无节幼体为饵料,初步研究了水母伞径和饵料密度对海月水母个体捕食率的影响以及海月水母的昼夜捕食节律。研究结果表明,海月水母的伞径对其捕食率的影响极显著(P<0.01),在1—8cm范围内,随着伞径的增加个体捕食率线性增加,两者之间的关系式为y=0.044x+0.125(R2=0.9036)。饵料密度对海月水母捕食率的影响显著(P<0.05),在0.25—26.11mgC/L范围内,随饵料密度的增加个体捕食率呈线性增加趋势,关系式为y=0.508x(R2=0.958)。在饵料充足时,海月水母没有昼夜捕食节律。在高饵料密度下海月水母出现过剩捕食,但是捕食行为依然活跃。上述结果既为量化评估海月水母对浮游动物群体的捕食压力提供了基础参数,同时水母过剩捕食行为说明依据生物量和代谢率的推算结果可能低估自然海域水母队浮游动物的捕食压力。     

单一地层平台插桩地基土破坏模式及插桩深度有限元分析

自升式平台插桩是地基土在桩靴荷载作用下发生连续塑性破坏的过程,当地基极限承载力等于桩靴荷载时插桩完成。经典土力学极限承载力理论对土体潜在滑动面做了假设,无法有效分析土体内部的破坏过程。因而,研究采用有限元极限分析法对单一地层中插桩时地基土渐进破坏过程进行了模拟,并与Skempton、Terzaghi公式计算的极限承载力进行了对比,取得了较为一致的结果,同时对插桩深度进行了预测。     

阿尔金断裂带东段古生代花岗岩浆作用及其大陆动力学意义

造山带花岗岩浆作用一直是地学的重要研究方向, 它记录了地球动力学深部过程的信息, 开展深入的研究工作可以更好的了解板块汇聚环境的陆壳生长和再造以及壳幔之间的相互作用。北祁连造山带是一典型的早古生代造山带, 先后经历了洋盆的打开到闭合, 敦煌地块则是主要由前寒武纪TTG片麻岩和变质表壳岩组成。北祁连造山带和敦煌地块分别位于阿尔金断裂带东段的东南侧和西北侧, 且均出露有大面积的古生代花岗岩体。本文以阿尔金主断裂两侧产出的花岗岩类为研究对象, 涉及北祁连造山带中的赵家庄二长花岗岩, 石包城复式岩体(花岗岩、正长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩)和红柳河花岗岩, 敦煌地块中的党河水库花岗闪长岩、沙枣园二长花岗岩、安盆沟复式岩体(正长花岗岩和花岗岩)以及小草湖似斑状花岗岩。通过对上述花岗岩体的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素的研究, 取得了新的认识:     

辽河三角洲地貌演化(英文)

This paper mainly analyzes the geomorphological changes of the tidal deposition in the Liaohe Estuary based on the multi-year bathymetric charts in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2005 and Landsat TM images in 1987, 1994, 2002 and 2005. Evolution of the tidal depositional system during the past 20 years in the Liaohe River was studied on the basis of 50 boreholes drilling and 30 km shallow stratigraphic exploration from 2002 to 2005. The main tidal depositional body of the modern Liaohe River delta is located in the Shuangtaizihe Estuary. The stratum within the depth of 10 m includes tidal bank facies, tidal channel facies and neritic facies with paleo-delta facies underlying them. The sediments of tidal bank facies are mainly composed of sand and silt with siltation load and suspended load of about 50% respectively in proportion. The sediment of tidal channel facies and neritic facies is composed of clayey silt and silty clay which belongs to suspended load. The study area was a small bay between the old Daliaohe River, the old Dalinghe River and the Raoyanghe River complex delta since the Holocene to 1896. Many tidal banks formed and expanded rapidly after the Shuangtaizihe River was excavated by labor in 1896. The runoff and sediment discharge have decreased since the construction of brake at the Shuangtaizihe River in 1958.The Shuangtaizihe Estuary is in the state of deposition as a whole whose tidal bank is increasing and expanding southward, westward and northward. The maximum expansion speed is 87 to 683 m/a and the mean depositional rate is 0.189 m/a. Erosion occurred in some part of tidal bank with average erosional rate of 0.122 m/a. The tidal channel was filled up with sediment at a migration speed of 48–200 m/a. Geomorphologic changes have happened under the combined influences of runoff, ocean dynamics and human activities. The main source of sediment changes from river sediment to sediment driven by tidal current and longshore current.     

北京将推出两项地方设计新标

人防工程设计应满足承担公共教育、社区活动等公益性服务功能要求·督建下凹式绿地、路面透水铺装及雨水调蓄池以加强建筑、小区及市政工程雨水排蓄与利用能力本刊讯报道近日,针对人防工程设计及雨水利用工程设计问题,北京市制定了《平战结合人民防空工程设计规范》、《建筑、小区及市政工程雨水利用工程设计规范》两项地方设计标准并面向社会征求意见。     

中国建筑设计研究院第三届BIM论坛举办

本刊讯报道随着行业信息化进程的不断推进,BIM技术应用日益成为行业关注的热点。近日,中国建筑设计研究院第三届BIM论坛在北京举行。与会嘉宾围绕BIM国家标准的制定、BIM市场与BIM实践、BIM在工程行业的格局与趋势3个主题,就＂构建BIM标准体系有哪些意义与影响＂、＂BIM能为设计企业与业主带来什么＂等问题,展开了深入讨论与交流。中国建筑设计研究院建筑设计总院院长文兵致辞,中国建筑设计研究院建筑设计总院副院长赵锂主持。     

聚焦勘察设计行业信息化建设——在BIM的路上痛并快乐着

参与此次BIM应用交流会的设计院都是BIM应用的勇敢尝试者与践行者,不但拥有令人瞩目的已建或在建大型BIM工程,而且都分别组建了各自的信息技术中心或BIM团队。可一开始,讨论的焦点就不约而同地集中在了“为什么要做BIM”这个问题上。     

LIDAR点云滤波算法分析——以ISPRS测试实验为参考

在分析ISPRS测试实验的基础上,研究机载LIDAR点云数据滤波算法的特性,将算法分成4类进行介绍,总结经典算法的定量分析性能,为后续的研究提供一个参考,并展望滤波算法改进和发展的方向.     

松辽盆地及外围上古生界油气资源战略选区研究进展

松辽盆地及外围上古生界油气地质研究和勘探程度均较低,资源前景广阔.通过油气资源战略选区工作,第一阶段针对石炭系和二叠系,开展前期的盆地评价和战略选区,实施少量的地球物理勘查和科探井工程等实物工作量.围绕古生界构造演化、地层和岩相古地理、有效烃源岩以及可能的油气远景区等方面,研究盆地深部晚古生代盆地性质,揭示在新的构造体制下不同构造阶段盆地的演化规律,基本查明松辽盆地及外围上古生界的分布、厚度、岩性、岩相特征,开展烃源岩的时效性、原型盆地恢复与重建、构造演化历史和有利成藏务件研究,提出有利远景区,供企业进一步勘探验证.这对发展和创新石油地质理论,实现松辽盆地及外围油气勘探的可持续发展,具有重要的经济社会意义.