左旋鑽进法

本稿为冶金工业部原苏联地質专家克莫日阿同志在最近的来信中附来的。克莫日阿同志回国之后,仍不忘在技朮上给我們帮助,随时向我們介紹先进經驗,这种精神是值得親佩的。除向克莫日阿同志表示谢意外,现予以發表,供大家研究参考。     

Settlement distribution and its relationship with environmental changes from the Neolithic to Shang-Zhou dynasties in northern Shandong, China

In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of the settlement sites of six periods from the Neolithic Age to the Shang and Zhou dynasties in northern Shandong was investigated using the ArcGIS program, and the relationship between settlement distribution and environmental changes was discussed, based on the proxy records of climatic and environmental change contained in the sediments from three sections at the Shuangwangcheng site and the previous work. The results show that the climate was warm and humid and the sea level was relatively high during the period of 8000-5000 a BP in the study area, and the ancient people lived in the relatively flat （slope of 〈2°） areas at high elevation （20-300 m above sea level）, such as diluvial tableland and alluvial plain. On the other hand, few archaeological sites in the low-lying plain in the west of the study area indicate that few people lived there during that period. This might be attributed to frequent flooding in the area. After 5000 years ago, the scope of human activity extended to the area close to the sea because the relatively colder and drier climate results in sea-level fall, meanwhile the low-lying plain in the west was occupied by the ancient people. The study area of this period was characterized by the rapid development of prehistoric culture, the intensified social stratification and the emergence of early city-states. However, around 4000 a BP, the abrupt change in climate and the increase in frequency and intensity of floods severely disrupted human activities, and eventually led to the decline of the Yueshi culture. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the climatic conditions gradually stabilized in a mild-dry state, which promoted the redevelopment and flourish of the Bronze Culture. The previous situation, which was characteristic of sparse human settlements due to freshwater shortage and unfitted conditions for sedentary agriculture, changed during the Shang and Zhou dynasties in northern coastal wetlands.Local residents effectively adapted themselves to the tough environmental conditions by producing sea-salt, which led to the rapid growth of human activities.     

不同利用方式对纳帕海高原湿地土壤质量的影响

研究了纳帕海高原湿地不同利用方式对土壤质量的影响,结果表明,天然沼泽和浅水沼泽草甸,排水疏干后用于放牧的草甸、垦后湿地相比,土壤有机质分别减少了4.33%、7.32%和5.64%,全氮分别减少了0.1%、0.33%和0.16%,除垦后湿地速效钾和速效磷含量较高外,速效养分呈现和有机质、全氮一样的变化趋势,均随人为活动干扰加剧而不断下降,土壤酶活性中蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性与土壤有机质等肥力因子存在显著相关性。垦后湿地土壤养分含量和酶活性较高,土壤质量改善,这与人为大量施用有机肥和周围山上水土流失带下土壤养分汇集有关,但其湿地环境已完全转化为旱生环境,湿地功能丧失。综合土壤性质10项指标计算的土壤退化指数表明,与天然沼泽比较,沼泽草甸和草甸湿地均出现退化现象,垦后湿地环境完全改变,应及时进行保护和恢复,退耕还湿。     

浙江田螺山遗址古盐度及其环境背景同河姆渡文化演化的关系

Paleosalinity records of the Tianluoshan site are derived from measurations data of clay mineral,boron,strontium,barium,after field sampling in three profiles of the Tianluoshan site.The relative sea level changes are discussed according to the lab results.The record indicates that the region where the Tianluoshan site located has witnessed at least three times of relative sea level high-stand before,during and after the Hemudu period.Based on previous researches,this paper also focuses on discussing severa...     

澧阳平原晚冰期短尺度气候变化的风成沉积物稀土元素和粒度记录

对澧阳平原SL剖面的系统采样和室内稀土元素分析、粒度分析和AMS14C年代测定,揭示了澧阳平原岗地黄土剖面成因特征,探讨了澧阳平原晚冰期短尺度的气候变化过程。结果表明,澧阳平原岗地黄土在稀土元素配分模式上与黄土高原黄土-古土壤、镇江下蜀黄土具有高度的一致性,而且岗地剖面沉积物无任何水流作用痕迹,因此表明,澧阳平原岗地黄土剖面为风成成因。粒度结果表明,SL剖面较好地记录了晚冰期短尺度的气候变化过程,SL遗址剖面自然沉积物记录了晚冰期千年尺度的气候事件,如BL事件、OlderYD事件、AL事件、YD事件。SL剖面全新世早期表现为升温阶段,9.0～8.00kaBP的彭头山文化在此区兴起,表明此时气候相当适宜,适合人类生存。     

基于三级管理模式下地铁控制测量实施要点

针对当前全国各大城市在地铁土建工程建设过程中测量工作的三级管理模式,结合作者在广州、沈阳、南京等城市的工作实践及管理经验,总结地铁控制测量工作各阶段的实施及管理要点,对城市地铁建设单位的测量管理工作具有一定的参考价值.     

低信噪比核磁共振测井资料的处理技术

基线偏离是由噪音引起的低信噪比核磁共振测井振幅数据的非随机干扰，可采用修正的弛豫谱反演方法压制该干扰。在该反演方法中，将基线偏离作为独立的未知数直接考虑到原始方程中，进行弛豫讲反演的同时，将该基线偏离作为未知数反演出来，并将其从弛豫谱中剔除。结合时间依赖波技术，这种数据处理技术能将低信噪比核磁测井数据中的基线偏离量分离出来，同时提高低信噪比按磁测井数据反演效果。     

华北不同地区全新世环境演变对古文化发展的影响

辽西牛河梁、内蒙古中南部庙子沟和甘肃秦安大地湾是中国北方的3个重要新石器文化遗址.本文利用孢粉、黏土矿物等古气候指标对3个遗址所在地区的全新世气候变化进行了研究,并结合这些地区的地理位置和地质地形条件等特征,分析和探讨了这些地区的自然条件和全新世环境演变及其与古文化发展的关系,阐明了不同地点的环境及其演变的共性和差异以及对古文化发展的影响.