坝上地区土地质量地球化学评估:以河北省尚义县为例

利用层次分析法和隶属函数建立土地质量地球化学评估模型,对河北省尚义县坝上地区土地质量进行地球化学评估。结果显示:评估区土地质量整体良好,土壤一等面积比例为22.65%,营养元素和健康元素含量均较高,二等面积比例为40.65%,三等面积比例为6.80%,F-、Cl-含量高,盐碱化严重;灌溉水一级面积比例为64.30%,二级面积比例为35.70%,影响灌溉水级别划分的主要指标为F-和Cl-,超标比例分别为5.70%和34.30%;土地质量二等一级(21)和一等一级(11)所占比例较大,分别为40.65%和22.65%,三等二级(32)和三等一级(31)所占比例较小,分别为1.60%和6.80%。     

纳米比亚陆架沉积物中大硫细菌的致密布居

Ｔｈｉｏｐｌｏｃａ属的丝状聚集硝酸盐的硫细菌在智利和秘鲁海岸形成了湿重达１２０ｇ／ｍ２的广泛分布。与南美大陆架相类似，纳米比亚外陆架具含高浮游生物生产力和缺氧底层水的强上升海流。在沿纳米比亚海岸寻找Ｔｈｉｏｐｌｏｃａ的过程中，我们在１９９７年４月乘Ｒ／ＶＰｅｔｅｒｋｏｔｔｓｏｖ船的一次航行中，从约１００ｍ水深处采集了沉积物样品。Ｔｈｉｏｐｌｏｃａ及与其关系密切的Ｂｅｇｇｉａｔｏａ是存在的，但数量极少。相反，我们发现了以高达４７ｇ／ｍ２生物量出现的先前没有描述过的硫细菌的大量存在。这些大细菌呈串珍…     

基于小波分析的GPS动态变形数据粗差识别模型研究

基于小波基函数的性质,结合含有少量粗差的GPS形变信号实例,研究粗差特征在小波变换后的不同尺度上的表现规律及粗差位置的确定方法。分析在动态监测数据粗差识别过程中正则性和分解层数对粗差表现的影响,为选择合适的小波函数进行粗差识别提供一定的依据。     

关于汶川8.0级地震前电磁扰动异常的讨论

通过对汶川8.0级地震前四川金河台电磁扰动数据变化的研究,结果显示:①电磁扰动0.001～1 Hz在震前每天06:00～22:00出现非脉冲性高值波动变化,在12:00和18:00达到最大;1～10 Hz在2008年1～3月出现与超低频类似的高值变化,最大幅度为300 mV; 10～20Hz无明显异常.②分析了电磁扰动...     

栉孔扇贝BI-1基因的克隆与表达分析

本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE技术首次获得了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)BI-1基因(Cf BI-1)c DNA全长序列,长度957bp,5′和3′非编码区长度分别为48bp和195bp,开放阅读框为714bp,预测编码一个含有237个氨基酸的蛋白质,分子量为27k Da;结构预测显示,Cf BI-1蛋白包含6个跨膜结构域。同源和分子进化聚类分析显示,Cf BI-1蛋白序列与其他一些物种中的BI-1蛋白序列相似性很高,表明BI-1具有很高的保守性。通过荧光定量PCR的方法检测了Cf BI-1 m RNA在栉孔扇贝正常组织中和在干露、脂多糖以及扇贝急性病毒性坏死症病毒刺激之后的表达水平的变化。结果表明,Cf BI-1在栉孔扇贝各组织中广泛分布,其中闭壳肌中的表达量最高,血淋巴中的表达量最低。在干露和病毒刺激以后,Cf BI-1基因表达水平较对照组都有显著上调(P0.05),表明Cf BI-1基因可能参与了干露刺激和急性病毒性坏死症病毒感染后的细胞应激响应及其诱导的细胞凋亡过程。综合上述分析,我们认为Cf BI-1基因在栉孔扇贝细胞凋亡调控过程中可能起到重要作用,可为栉孔扇贝凋亡相关基础研究提供参考。     

Genome-wide survey and analysis of microsatellites in the Pacific oyster genome: abundance,distribution, and potential for marker development

Microsatellites are a ubiquitous component of the eukaryote genome and constitute one of the most popular sources of molecular markers for genetic studies. However, no data are currently available regarding microsatellites across the entire genome in oysters, despite their importance to the aquaculture industry. We present the fi rst genome-wide investigation of microsatellites in the Pacifi c oyster Crassostrea gigas by analysis of the complete genome, resequencing, and expression data. The Pacifi c oyster genome is rich in microsatellites. A total of 604 653 repeats were identifi ed, in average of one locus per 815 base pairs(bp). A total of 12 836 genes had coding repeats, and 7 332 were expressed normally, including genes with a wide range of molecular functions. Compared with 20 different species of animals, microsatellites in the oyster genome typically exhibited 1) an intermediate overall frequency; 2) relatively uniform contents of(A)n and(C)n repeats and abundant long(C)n repeats(≥24 bp); 3) large average length of(AG)n repeats; and 4) scarcity of trinucleotide repeats. The microsatellite-fl anking regions exhibited a high degree of polymorphism with a heterozygosity rate of around 2.0%, but there was no correlation between heterozygosity and microsatellite abundance. A total of 19 462 polymorphic microsatellites were discovered, and dinucleotide repeats were the most active, with over 26% of loci found to harbor allelic variations. In all, 7 451 loci with high potential for marker development were identifi ed. Better knowledge of the microsatellites in the oyster genome will provide information for the future design of a wide range of molecular markers and contribute to further advancements in the fi eld of oyster genetics, particularly for molecular-based selection and breeding.     

郯庐带中南段地壳形变特征

孕育地震的能量主要来源于地壳差异运动产生的应变能积累,因而从地形变观测资料所获取的现今地壳运动的微动态定量信息对探讨地震的孕育和发生是十分重要的.通过对近几年一直被划定为地震重点危险区的郯庐带中南段(苏鲁皖)地区的形变资料进行分析,研究区域的局部形变差异性变化特征,探讨差异性变化特征与地震事件的联系.     

郯庐断裂带赤山段中晚更新世之交的史前地震遗迹

赤山地处安徽省泗县东北部,为郯庐断裂带西支断裂通过处。以往研究认为,郯庐断裂带赤山段第四纪以来有较为明显的活动。此次在垂直于赤山段开挖的多个探槽中均揭露出史前地震遗迹(多期逆断型崩积楔),具体表现为断层上盘砖红色上白垩统砂岩或黄白色中更新统砾石层向东叠置于褐黄色中、上更新统黏土之上。在楔状体根部均发现向NW陡倾的断裂,陡立的断面向上转变为缓倾的上翻垮落面。多条探槽揭示的断裂点的连线总体呈NNE走向,断裂通过处的上盘后缘大部分残留了凸起地貌,部分EW向冲沟被断裂右旋扭错。多条探槽两壁都一致显示出从西向东的推挤垮塌痕迹。其中Tc1～Tc4表现为砖红色砂岩(K₂)逆冲垮落于黄褐色含铁锰结核黏土(Q_p2-3)之上,Tc5则表现为红砂岩(K₂)和黄白色砾石层(Q_p2)逆冲垮塌于上述的黏土之上。在几个探槽的逆断型崩积楔上均揭示出此段曾有多次逆断型崩积事件发生,个别探槽揭露楔体较少,可能与其所处的位置、揭露深度和剥蚀残存的高度有关。对开挖探槽及光释光测年结果的详细分析初步得出,郯庐断裂带赤山段在中、晚更新世之交曾多次发生大规模逆断型黏滑事件,即曾多次发生史前大地震。     

Decadal variability of chlorophyll a in the South China Sea: a possible mechanism

Four climatologies on a monthly scale (January, April, May and November) of chlorophyll a within the South China Sea (SCS) were calculated using a Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) (1979-1983) and the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) (1998-2002). We analyzed decadal variability of chlorophyll a by comparing the products of the two observation periods. The relationships of variability in chlorophyll a with sea surface wind speed (SSW), sea surface temperature (SST), wind stress (WS), and mixed layer depth (MLD) were determined. The results indicate that there is obvious chlorophyll a decadal variability in the SCS. The decadal chlorophyll a presents distinct seasonal variability in characteristics, which may be as a result of various different dynamic processes. The negative chlorophyll a concentration anomaly in January was associated with the warming of SST and a shallower MLD. Generally, there were higher chlorophyll a concentrations in spring during the SeaWiFS period compared with the CZCS period. However, the chlorophyll a concentration exhibits some regional differences during this season, leading to an explanation being difficult. The deepened MLD may have contributed to the positive chlorophyll a concentration anomalies from the northwestern Luzon Island to the northeastern region of Vietnam during April and May. The increases of chlorophyll a concentration in northwestern Borneo during May may be because the stronger SSW and higher WS produce a deeper mixed layer and convective mixing, leading to high levels of nutrient concentrations. The higher chlorophyll a off southeastern Vietnam may be associated with the advective transport of the colder water extending from the Karimata Strait to southeastern Vietnam.     

Low-frequency variations in primary production in the Oman upwelling zone associated with monsoon winds

Thirteen-year satellite-derived data are used to investigate the temporal variability of net primary production (NPP) in the Oman upwelling zone and its potential forcing mechanisms. The NPP in the Oman upwelling zone is characterized by an abnormal decrease during El Ni o events. Such an NPP decrease may be related to El Ni o-driven anomalous summertime weak wind. During the summer following El Ni o, the anomalous northeasterly wind forced by southwest Indian Ocean warming weakens the southwest monsoon and warms the Arabian Sea. The abnormal wind weakens the coastal Ekman transport, offshore Ekman pumping and horizontal advection, resulting in reduced upward nutrient supply to the euphotic zone. A slightly declining trend in NPP after 2000 associated with a gradual decrease in surface monsoon winds is discussed.