1956-2006年阿克苏河径流变化及其对区域水资源安全的可能影响

应用新疆塔里木河流域天山南坡阿克苏河流域1956-2006年的实测径流资料, 分析了阿克苏河流域各支流径流变化的特征与趋势. 结果表明, 近50 a来, 阿克苏河流域径流量呈显著的增加趋势, 其中冰川融水是其主要贡献量. 径流量在1994年发生了增多的跃变, 原因可能是气温持续升高引起冰川消融径流急剧增多, 导致以冰川融水补给为主的河流径流量大增. 这种趋势能够持续多久, 取决于未来的气候变化及流域上游冰川系统的响应. 随着冰川的加剧退缩和较小冰川的消失, 短期内会给阿克苏河流域带来丰富的水资源;但是随着冰川补给峰值过后径流量逐渐减小, 将会给塔里木河流域带来严重的水资源和生态安全问题. 冰川的强烈退缩, 还会带来一系列的洪水灾害问题.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INDOOR FEATURES OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY FOR ROOMS FACING NORTH-SOUTH IN WINTER IN A LOW-LATITUDE PLATEAU CITY

Analyzing observations of wintertime air temperature in both indoor and outdoor surroundings in Kunming, a city lying in low latitudes, characteristics of temperature and humidity have been studied for the interior of rooms facing north-south under different weather conditions. Significant warming effect has been identified in terms of lowest and daily-mean indoor temperature in the area of Kunming. The heating amplitude ranges from 7.7°C to 10.0°C and from 4.6°C to 5.8°C for the interior part of rooms facing the south and from 4.6°C to 7.0°C and from 1.3°C to 4.4°C for the interior part of rooms facing the north, respectively for the two elements. The highest air temperature is higher indoor than outdoor for rooms facing the south, but otherwise is usually true for rooms facing the north. Additional findings point out that buildings not only help maintain relatively warm indoor temperature but delay its variation. The diurnal cycle of temperature indoor is smaller and ranges by 40% ~ 48% for south-facing rooms, and by 20% ~ 30% for north-facing rooms, than outdoor, and the highest temperature is about 2 hours late inside the room than outside. It shows how inertly indoor temperature varies. The work also finds that relative humidity is less indoor in southward rooms than in northward ones and difference is the largest on fine days but the smallest when it is overcast. For the diurnal variation, the indoor relative humidity is large at nighttime with small amplitude but small during daytime with large amplitude. The above-presented results can be served as scientific foundation for more research on climate in low-latitude cities and rational design of urban architectures.     

塔里木河流域近40 a来气候、水文变化及其影响

塔里木河流域平原地区在近 10a明显变暖 ,较明显的增湿出现在近 2 0a,大部分平原地区近10a反而略有变干的迹象 ;2 0世纪 90年代是流域山区近 4 0a来最暖阶段 ,在天山南麓中西部山区和帕米尔高原一带 90年代增湿幅度大 ,西昆仑山北坡一带近 2 0a降水变化很小 .塔里木河流域 4条源流出山口多年平均径流量为 2 2 4 9× 10 8m3 ( 195 7— 1999年 ) ,年代际尺度上 ,5 0— 80年代基本接近多年平均值 ,而 90年代由于受山区增暖变湿影响 ,4条源流径流量达 2 4 1 9× 10 8m3 ,增幅 7 6 % .由于源流区人类活动的影响和粗放型农业 ,补给塔里木河源流条数减少 ,塔里木河干流上中游区间耗水量严重 ,中下游水量来水量在近 4 0a中持续减少 ,导致下游生态环境急剧恶化     

内蒙古东部两大沙地土壤理化特性沙漠化演变规律的比较

为了了解不同地带沙地土壤理化特性沙漠化演变规律的差异及其机制,研究比较了科尔沁沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地土壤理化特性的沙漠化演变特征,得到以下结论:沙漠化过程中,2个沙地的土壤黏粉粒含量均大幅度下降,沙粒含量明显增加,但科尔沁沙地土壤机械组成的变化幅度要大于呼伦贝尔沙地,而且前者黏粉粒主要释放期早于后者;科尔沁沙地土壤温度趋于...     

基于NCEP数据进行高度计湿对流层校正的探讨

为达到高度计几厘米测高精度,湿对流层校正范围为3~45 cm,精确计算湿对流层校正是至关重要的。本文利用美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)数据,采用模型法计算高度计湿对流层校正。计算结果与无线电探空仪计算结果比较,偏差为0.01 cm,均方根为2 cm;与Jason-1模型法湿对流层校正产品比较,偏差为0.2 cm,均方根为1.4 cm。因此,利用NCEP数据计算高度计湿对流层校正精度较高,能够满足高度计大气湿对流层校正精度要求。为高度计大气湿对流层校正的计算提供1种新方法。     

低纬高原城市冬季南北朝向室内温湿特征的初步分析

通过对低纬城市－昆明冬季室内、外气温观测资料的分析，探讨了不同天气下南北朝室内的气温、湿度特征。得出昆明地区冬季各种天气状况下室内最低气温和日均气温的增温效应均十分显著，与庭院相比，南向室内的增温幅度为7．7－10．0℃和4．6－5．8℃；北向室内为4．6－7．0℃和1．3－4．4℃；最高气温南向室内高于室外，而北向室内一般低于室外。另外，建筑物不但可维持较高的室同温度，而且减缓了室内气温的变化幅度，不论南向室内还是北向室内，气温日较差均小于室外，变幅仅为室外的40％－48％（南向）和20％－30％（北向），且最高气温出现时间比室外约迟2小时，显示了建筑物内温度变化的惰性。研究还得出南向室内相对湿度均小于北向，南北差异以晴天最大，阴天最小。室内相对湿度的日变化特征为夜间湿度大，变化小，昼间湿度小，变化大。以上结果可为低纬城市气候的深入研究，建筑的合理设计提供科学基础。     

准噶尔盆地红山嘴地区三叠系克下组辫状河沉积特征

为阐明红山嘴地区三叠系克下组沉积相类型与特征,利用岩心、测井录井、粒度等资料,采用岩石学特征分析、岩心特征观察、岩相划分与垂向序列分析等多种手段和方法,对克下组沉积环境和沉积序列进行了深入研究。结果表明:研究区克下组以砾岩、粗砂岩及粉砂质泥岩为主,成熟度低,粒度范围大;识别出8种典型岩相,3类岩相组合;确定克下组为辫状河沉积,发育辫状河道、心滩、漫溢、泛滥平原4种沉积微相;最后,建立了该区克下组受洪流控制的近源间歇性强水动力辫状河沉积模式,为红山嘴地区克下组油气储层的研究提供借鉴。     

An explicit finite element method for dy—namic analysis in three—medium coupling system and its application

In this paper,an explicit finite element method to analyze the dynamic responses of three-medium coupled systems with any terrain is developed on the basis of the numerical simulation of the continuous conditions on the bounda-ries among fluid saturated porous medium,elastic single-phase medium and ideal fluid medium.This method is a very effective one with the characteristic of high calculating speed and small memory needed because the formulae for this explicit finite element method have the characteristic of decoupling,and which does not need to solve sys-tem of linear equations.The method is applied to analyze the dynamic response of a reservoir with considering the dynamic interactions among water,dam,sediment and basement rock.The vertical displacement at the top point of the dam is calculated and some conclusions are given.     

江西赣州盆地盐湖型锂矿地质特征及找矿前景

赣州盆地位于南岭EW向复杂构造带东段北侧,其展布受NE向构造控制,晚白垩世红层发育良好,是华南东部具有代表性的红盆。该盆地总体为一个封闭的倾向南东的箕状湖盆,盆地外围加里东晚期、燕山早期第二阶段、第三阶段和燕山晚期岩浆岩中富集Li,晚白垩世周田组砂质岩石中Li含量较高。勘查成果显示,该盆地已发现盐湖型锂矿的线索,在潭口周边区域揭露到含水层厚17~37 m、LiCl含量188~457 mg/L的含锂卤水层。位于盆地沉积中心的晚白垩世周田组中部,紫红色、褐紫色细砂岩、灰褐色细砂岩夹粉砂岩、紫红色粉砂岩是主要的含矿层位。盐湖型锂矿的主要找矿标志是:呈浅红色调、紫红色调的遥感影像;层状封闭的低阻异常;高氯、低钾、低溴的水地球化学异常;断裂影响小的凹陷盆地沉积中心以及周田组中部的细碎屑岩。通过与吉泰盆地和会昌盆地进行对比,发现该盆地盐湖型锂矿资源潜力较大,找矿前景较好,加强综合找矿可望实现新的突破。