联合国“海洋十年”规划实施之初动态与展望

近几十年来,全球的海洋健康状况明显下降。为了防止、减缓和扭转未来海洋健康和功能的恶化趋势,联合国启动了海洋科学促进可持续发展十年(2021—2030年)(简称“海洋十年”)规划,以整合全球海洋相关领域的资源与力量,科学地保护海洋并实现海洋资源的可持续开发和利用。联合国“海洋十年”规划为海洋领域的科学家、政策制定者、私营部门、非政府组织和地方群体更加高效、合理地共同保护和开发海洋资源提供了一个广阔平台,也为中国实现海洋强国战略、发展海洋科技带来了机遇与挑战。本研究通过梳理联合国“海洋十年”规划的发展过程和已批准的行动与活动,结合文献信息分析,深度解析了“海洋十年”规划的发展和实施动态,探讨了“海洋十年”规划的热点研究主题。自2020年9月,联合国正式发布“海洋十年”规划以来,共有来自60个国家的409项行动获得“海洋十年”的批准,其中包括47项计划、277个项目和85项捐助,研究热点主要是海洋政策制定与海洋管理、海洋生态系统健康和海洋生物多样性等。在此基础上,本文从“海洋十年”活动的实施与协调、能力建设、资金支持、人才培养和宣传推广的角度,进一步提出了促进我国全面参与“海洋十年”规划实施...     

基于历史资料和Argo资料的印尼贯通流次表层和中层水起源与路径探讨

利用Argo资料和《世界海洋数据集2001版》(WOD01)温盐历史资料,通过对代表性等位势面上盐度分布的分析,探讨了次表层和中层等不同层次上印尼贯通流(ITF)的起源与路径问题.分析结果表明,ITF的次表层水源主要来自北太平洋,中层水源地既包括北太平洋、南太平洋,同时也不能排除有印度洋的可能性.在印度尼西亚海域西部,ITF的次表层和中层水源分别为北太平洋热带水(NPTW)和中层水(NPIW),经苏拉威西海、望加锡海峡到达弗洛勒斯海,层次越深特征越明显.在印度尼西亚海域东部,发现哈马黑拉-新几内亚水道附近存在次表层强盐度锋面,阻隔了南太平洋热带水(SPTW)由此进入ITF海域;中层水具有高于NPIW和来自南太平洋的南极中层水(AAIW)的盐度值,既可能是AAIW和SPTW在当地发生剧烈垂直混合而形成,也可能是来自印度洋的AAIW向北延伸进入ITF的结果.     

A HOMOGENEOUS MODEL OF UPPER LAYER CIRCULATION IN INDO-PACIFIC REGION

ImODUcrIONTheIndo-PadricregionbeweenMindanao,NewGuinea,andtheIndonesianArchipelagoistheonlydeeppassagefromthePadricOceantotheIndiandrincyig.l),Fig.lMapoftheIndoThdficopon(Internalframeisthemodeldomain)andobendupper1aperimtSthereinsmrandhasareivedconsiderableattentionhauseofitSlocationbetweretheIn.TheIndonesianThappearstobepotentiallyboortantintheevoluhonsofthewesternboundaryatandthewarmpoolinthewesternPadric,andplaysacrudelroleinthehcatandsaltbalanceoftheworkl'soasnoprdon,l986).Nume…     

DYNAMIC AND THERMOHALINE PROPERTIES OF THE MINDANAO UNDERCURRENT,PART Ⅱ: THERMOHALINE STRUCTURE

INTRODUCTI()NThenorthwardflowingMUCbelowtheMCwasfotmdandnamedbyHuandCui(1989,l99l)usinghydrographicdataofOctoberofl987and1988gatheredddringtheChineseAcademyofSCiencesmtilti-institutionalpro~onAirSeaInteractionintheWesternTropicalPacificandIntemalCliInaeChange(CAS)-Recently,WangandHu(l997,hereinafer,wn)eednedtheMUCdrodricstmctUreusinghydrOgraPhicdataof1lcmisesconductedatnear8"NzonalsectionsbytheCASprograrnandthePRC-USJointProgramonAir-SeaInteractionintheWestemEqUatorialP…     

TOGA-COARE IOP部分观测资料初步分析

初步分析中国科学院南海海洋研究所《实验3号》科学考察船在TOGA—COARE IOP连续三个航次中部分CTD和ADCP原始观测资料指出:90-210m间大于35的盐度极值除存在准日周期变化外,在量值上还存在约73d的周期变化。但受资料长度的限制,目前尚无法确定上述周期是否属于稳定周期。在上述深度范围内亦存在较低盐度和温度水体侵入现象,其强度存在10—15d的周期变化。等温线和等密度线常出现振幅达10m以上,周期约3d的振荡,而且有时表现出次中尺度涡(submesoscale eddy)及涡旋链特征。比较风、SST、混合层深度间的关系时发现,风强度和大风维持时间对SST和混合层深度的影响很大,如西风暴发过程可使平均SST降低0.5℃左右,使平均混合层深度加深8m以上。分析西风暴发过程及西风暴发后洋流铅垂变化和洋流随时间变化发现,西风暴发过程导致79m以浅深度上的东向射流,且19m深处流动随时间顺时针改向,79m深处流动随时间逆时针方向改向。     

DECADAL VARIABILITY OF SUBSURFACE OCEAN TEMPERATURE ANOMALY IN TROPICAL PACIFIC AND ITS IMPACT ON CLIMATE OF CHINA

In this study,we investigate the decadal variability of subsurface ocean temperature anomaly(SOTA)in the tropical Pacific and associated anomalous atmospheric circulation over Asia-North Pacific-North America by analyzing 50 years of atmosphere-ocean data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)reanalysis project and Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA).Relationship between the ENSO-Like variability and climate of China is also revealed.The results show that the decadal variability of tropical Pacific SOTA has two dominant ENSO-like modes:the primary mode is an ENSO-Like mature phase pattern,and the second mode is associated with the ENSO-like transition(developing or decaying)phase.These two modes consist of a cycle of ENSO-Like variability,which exhibits a quasi-40a fluctuation,superimposed with an oscillation of a 13a period.The ENSO-Like variability in the tropical Pacific influences the atmosphere system at the mid-and higher-latitudes and subtropical regions,resulting in decadal variability of south wind over North China,the East Asian monsoon and climate of China.During the mature phase of El Ni o-Like variability,the anomalous north wind prevails over the north part of China and the East Asian monsoon weakens,with little rain in North China but much rain in the middle-and lower-reaches of the Yangtze River.With El Ni o-Like decaying(La Ni a-Like developing),anomalous northerly wind also prevails over North China,then the East Asian monsoon weakens with drought occurring in North China.The situation during the La Ni a-Like variability is the opposite.The pattern of anomalous climate of China is primarily dominated by the first ENSO-like variability,while the second mode can modulate the contribution of the first one,depending on whether its phase agrees with that of the first mode.The climate shift in China around 1978 and successive occurrence of drought for more than 20 years in North China are primarily induced by the first two ENSO-like variabilities.The latest La Ni a-Like phase starts from 1998 and will presumably end around 2018.It is expected that more rainfall would be in North China and less rainfall would appear in the middle-and lower-reaches of the Yangtze River valley during this period.     

海洋观测能力建设的现状、趋势与对策思考

海洋观测是海洋科学发展的基础和重要支撑,海洋科学的创新发展在很大程度上依赖于海洋观测能力的提升.介绍了国际海洋观测能力的现状和趋势,提出了目前海洋观测能力建设所面临的挑战.针对我国海洋科学发展的需求和海洋观测能力存在的差距,提出了对策思考.     

一个耦合模式下北赤道流分叉的初步研究

利用一个全球海洋-大气耦合模式,对北赤道流分叉的季节、年际变化特征进行了初步研究.模式结果表明北赤道流的分叉纬度,在表层大约是15.2°N,随深度而向北移动,在1000m深度大约为20°N.北赤道流分叉在春、夏季节偏南,而秋、冬季节偏北,可能主要与局地的Ekman抽吸有关.北赤道流分叉的年际变化周期表现有准2年、3～4...     

海相钾盐矿床溶滤卤水找钾指标体系: 以川东北天星桥构造寒武系深部地下卤水为例

长期工作成果显示我国现阶段常用的找钾指标Br×103/Cl值偏低.创新性地应用"以古验古"的溶滤实验与地质统计法厘清了海相蒸发盐盆地找钾指标体系,充分考虑了不同地质年代海水成分的变化,也可克服"将今论古"应用于现代海水在等温等压条件下实验数据的不足.通过对世界上典型钾盐矿床的石盐、含钾石盐及钾盐(含光卤石)进行溶滤实验...     

新疆库车坳陷西段膏盐层沉积、 地球化学特征及找钾方向

库车坳陷西段深部(5141～5218 m埋深)已有古近纪固体钾石盐矿(化)层的发现,但对该区域的膏盐层特征及成钾条件、找钾方向仍需做进一步的系统研究.以油气钻井深部膏盐层岩屑为主要对象,对库车坳陷西段膏盐层的沉积、岩石学特征以及钾、溴氯系数、Sr和S同位素等地球化学特征进行研究,并对该区盐构造特征及演化进行分析.结果表...