赤道太平洋次表层海温异常年际和年代际变率特征与ENSO循环

用美国马里兰大学提供的海洋同化(SODA)月平均资料,分析了赤道太平洋次表层海温异常年际和年代际变率的演化特征,讨论了它们对ENSO循环的影响.结果指出,赤道太平洋次表层海温异常年际和年代际变率具相似的ENSO模分布和演变过程,二者均以赤道西太平洋暖池次表层海温显著的异常中心与赤道东太平洋表层海温异常中心显著反号为主要分布特征,其演变过程通过赤道西太平洋暖池次表层海温异常中心沿海洋气候温跃层向东向上传播来完成.赤道西太平洋暖池次表层海温异常年际变率决定了ENSO循环,年代际变率对ENSO循环也有重要影响,其影响主要在中太平洋, 造成ENSO模的年代际变化.当年代际变率处于正常状态时,ENSO循环基本上是东部型冷暖事件之间的转换;当年际和年代际变率位相相同时,ENSO事件强度将会加强和持续,并出现中部型ENSO事件;当二者位相相反时, ENSO事件强度将会减弱.     

中国近海温跃层判定方法的研究

根据东海以及南海东北部多组资料,探讨了拟阶梯函数法和垂向梯度法在浅海区（水深〈200m）、陆架坡折海域（水深在200m左右）和深水开阔海区（水深〉200m）的应用情况,分析了温跃层在陆架坡折海域的水平衔接问题。对比分析表明：在浅海区,两种方法结果比较一致,特别对某些垂直温度梯度较弱的曲线,拟阶梯函数法和实际水文廓线符合更好。陆架坡折海域,垂向梯度法对于温度梯度相对较弱的跃层刻画不好,而拟阶梯函数法可以对较弱温跃层进行判定,与实际垂直水文结构一致。深水开阔区域,垂向梯度法所得温跃层特征量与实际符合较好,而拟阶梯函数法获得的温跃层强度偏大。因此,对本研究海域来说,当水深≤200m时,采用拟阶梯函数法,当水深〉200m时采用垂向梯度法,最小判定标准统一采用0．05℃／m,可以有效避免陆架坡折海域的水平不连续问题,与实际水文廓线符合较好。     

Warming trend in northern East China Sea in recent four decades

Global warming has become a notable trend especially since an abrupt climate change in 1976. Response of the East China Sea (ECS) to the global warming trend, however, is not well understood because of sparse long-term observation. In this paper, hydrographic observation data of 1957–1996 are collected and reviewed to study climatological variability in northern ECS. Significant warming trends are found in both summer and winter. In summer, the average SST is about 0.46°C higher during the period of 1977-19...     

华北平原中部晚上新世以来沉积物碳氧同位素特征及其古环境意义

利用华北平原中部衡水水文地质科研深孔的岩芯,对平原区古土壤钙结核层碳氧同位素组分的古气候环境意义及相关气候指标的定量转换进行探讨,发现碳氧同位素对古气候变化具有较好的响应关系:3.5MaB.P.以来华北平原古气候逐渐由湿润转向干旱,早更新世由多个干湿冷暖旋回组成,晚期气候由暖迅速转凉;中更新世气候略温和,由3个冷干-暖湿旋回组成;晚更新世气候变化趋势为湿润-干燥-湿润,总体上呈现增温趋势。进入全新世后,δ13C平均值(-5)较低,属于相对湿润期;δ18 O平均值(-9.5)较低,属于相对寒冷期。应用相关公式可以定量恢复古温度变化,但平原区古土壤层受后期地下水作用的影响较大,如何消除这一影响还需更多数据支持。     

Western pacific warm pool and ENSO asymmetry in CMIP3 models

Theoretical and empirical studies have suggested that an underestimate of the ENSO asymmetry may be accompanied by a climatologically smaller and warmer western Pacific warm pool. In light of this suggestion, simulations of the tropical Pacific climate by 19 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) climate models that do not use flux adjustment were evaluated. Our evaluation revealed systematic biases in both the mean state and ENSO statistics. The mean state in most of the models had a smaller and warmer warm pool. This common bias in the mean state was accompanied by a common bias in the simulated ENSO statistics: a significantly weak asymmetry between the two phases of ENSO. Moreover, despite the generally weak ENSO asymmetry simulated by all models, a positive correlation between the magnitude of the bias in the simulated warm-pool size and the magnitude of the bias in the simulated ENSO asymmetry was found. These findings support the suggested link between ENSO asymmetry and the tropical mean state-the climatological size and temperature of the warm pool in particular. Together with previous studies, these findings light up a path to improve the simulation of the tropical Pacific mean state by climate models: enhancing the asymmetry of ENSO in the climate models.     

2002年海南一次非热带气旋暴雨成因分析

利用常规地面观测资料和NCEP逐日每6 h水平分辨率为1°×1°的再分析资料,分析海南2002年9月18—21日暴雨天气过程的成因。结果表明:暴雨与南海辐合带活动密切相关,华南沿海的低空急流为暴雨提供有利的水汽条件;对流层中层差动涡度平流破坏海南及邻近地区的准地转平衡,该处的上升运动得到加强;暴雨产生在能量锋附近低层气旋性涡度发展、高层辐散显著的区域;较强的差动假相当位温平流促使大气层结向对流不稳定发展,导致局地暴雨增强。     

Current observations in the southern Yellow Sea in summer

Current data from three moored Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) deployed in the southern Yellow Sea at sites A (1-24.17°E, 34.82°N), B (122.82°E, 35.65°N) in summer 2001 and site C (120.85°E, 34.99°N) in summer 2003 were analyzed in this paper. Features of the tidal and residual currents were studied with rotary spectral and cross-spectral methods. Main achievements were as follows: 1) Tides dominated the currents. At sites A and B, the semidiurnal tidal current was basically homogeneous in the whole depth, taking a clockwise rotation at site A, and near-rectilinear counterclockwise rotation at site B; while the diurnal tidal current was strong and clockwise near the surface, but decreased and turned counterclockwise with depth; at site C, semidiurnal tidal current dominated and diurnal current took the second, both of which were counterclockwise and vertically homogeneous. Inertial motion contributed to the clockwise component of diurnal fluctuations; 2) The 3-5d fluctuation of residual current w     

Surface circulation patterns observed by drifters in the Yellow Sea in summer of 2001, 2002 and 2003

In summer of 2001, 2002 and 2003, ten, six and seventeen satellite-tracked surface drifters with drogues centered at 15 and 4 m were deployed, respectively, in the southern Yellow Sea (YS). 23 drifters of them transmitted useful data of at least 30 days. The wind-driven component of the drift was removed from the original drift velocity of drifters. The wind data used are from NCEP (National Center for Environmental Prediction), USA.Trajectories and drift velocities of the 23 drifters depicted the upper circulation structure in the southern YS. There exists an anti-cyclonic eddy with a mean speed and radius of 0.063 m/s and 50km in the central southern YS, whose center lingered within 35.3-36.0°N / 123.5-124.0°E. Showed by 6 drifters, a basin-scale elliptic cyclonic gyre with a mean speed of 0.114 m/s, long and short radius of 250 and 200 km surrounds the anti-cyclonic eddy. In the southwestern part of the southern YS has obvious frontal eddy activities within about 100 km with a mean speed about 0.076     

西太平洋深层西边界流研究进展

中国科学院西太平洋科学观测网实现了对西太平洋深层西边界流的长期连续和组网观测。基于观测网获取的数据并结合模式数据,逐步摸清了深层西边界流在雅浦—马里亚纳海沟连接区季节性入侵西太平洋的路径、流量和动力机制,揭示了地形罗斯贝波引起的深层季节内振荡特征和能量来源,发现了深海与上层海洋和气候变化联系的“高速公路”,改变了以往“深海是死水、杂乱无章和非常缓慢变化”的传统认知,就该方面的创新进展进行了总结,并讨论了下一步太平洋深层环流的观测和研究设想。     

察尔汗盐湖晒卤过程中铷和铯元素富集规律研究

通过对察尔汗盐湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ号采区盐田中卤水及固体进行系统采样和分析,发现卤水中的主微量元素在盐田摊晒过程中显示出不同程度的富集,除成盐外,还存在类质同象、母液夹带等现象。其中,铷和铯元素的富集规律与光卤石析出存在一定的关联。XRD和TOF-SIMS分析结果显示,铷与钾呈现出更强的正相关性,与钠呈现出负相关性,表明铷元素与钾元素存在类质同象现象。铯元素与钾元素的类质同象现象则不明显,可能主要通过母液夹带的方式进入盐样中。该研究揭示了卤水中铷和铯元素的富集规律和赋存形式,对盐湖铷和铯资源综合利用开发具有一定的借鉴意义。