行星迁移述评

轨道靠近恒星的太阳系外大行星的发现导致对星盘与行星相互作用和行星迁移形式的广泛研究。行星迁移发生在行星与气体或星子的星盘之间进行潮汐相互作用时,这造成行星轨道参数,特别是半主轴的变更。早期研究建立了I型和II型行星迁移方式,分别对应于小质量行星和形成能隙的大质量行星。另外,讨论了新的能够快速迁移的III型迁移方式,它可以使大质量星盘中的行星直接向内或向外迁移。     

Negative carbon isotopic excursion on the Lower/Middle Cambrian boundary of Kaili Formation,Taijiang County,Guizhou Province,China: Implications for mass extinction and stratigraphic division and correlation

The stratigraphic division and correlation of the Lower/Middle Cambrian boundary is a global problem that has not yet been solved even up to now. That is because there existed two distinctly different biogeographic regions during the Early and Middle Cambrian[1]—— the Indian-Pacific biogeographic region and the Atlantic biogeographic region. In the Atlantic biogeographic region the traditional Lower/Middle Cambrian boundary was marked by the extinction of Olenellids trilobite and the in…     

关于喀斯特石漠和石漠化概念的讨论

喀斯特石漠化是近年来所认识到的一种地质生态灾害，所造成的经济、环境乃至社会影响越来越大，受到国家的广泛关注，但却存在生态建设超前、基础研究落后的严峻现实。本文总结了当前石漠化的类型划分和存在问题，从喀斯特生态系统运行的地学过程、生物学过程和人为过程出发，提出石漠化过程存在地质石漠化过程、生态系统石漠化过程和人为加速石漠化过程，对不同类型的石漠化宜分别采取保护、恢复、重建、维持措施。石漠和石漠化表达的时空范畴不同，是石漠化这一土地退化过程的最后或顶极结果，自然条件下其形成多与地表坡度较大有关，而人为加速石漠化过程中石漠化土地空间分布与地形坡度、地貌部位并无直接联系。建议以“干扰方式 植被 土壤 地貌”对人为加速石漠化过程导致的石漠化土地进行类型划分，评价的土地应分为非石漠化土地、行漠化土地和逆转优化的“基准化”土地。     

埋藏条件下蒙脱石层间水的稳定性

蒙脱石族矿物广泛存在于地表各种环境中,其层间结构的稳定性对各种表生地质作用的发生和过程起着重要作用。在砂岩成岩作用中,蒙脱石族矿物的脱水作用改变了砂岩孔隙流体的量和成分,同时也降低了油气储蓄层的孔隙度和渗透性。泥、页岩中由于蒙脱石族矿物的脱水作用,在...     

Palaeoenvironmental Changes of the Ancient Nihewan Lake Area—Sr Isotope Evidence from Xiaodukou Foraminifera

By using the improved trace(50μg) Sr isotope analytical method the ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios of Xiaodukou foraminifera fossils were measured,giving a range of 0.71105-0.71274,apparently higher than the value of contemporaneous seawater(0.709087-0.709147)and also slightly higher than the average value of modern Yellow River(0.7111),demonstrating that the contemporaneous environment where Xiaodukou foraminifera inhabited was an inland lake.Detailed analyses of △ Sr values showed that there occurred an event responsible for environmental changes in the ancient Nihewan Lake area during the time(about 1.0Ma ago)when Xiaodukou foraminifera appeared.Because of strong evaporation the salinity of the lake would increase and a regional salt-water of brackish-water lacustrine environment would be produced,thus providing a suitable and inhabitable environment for foraminiferae.It is concluded that Xiaodukou foraminiferal fossil assemblaes belong to non-marine foraminiferal species.     

上扬子区震旦纪南沱冰期后碳酸盐岩帽沉积地球化学特征

通过对贵州铜仁和湖南大庸两地南沱冰碛岩层之上白云岩层的岩石、结构和构造、地球化学等综合研究，认为该白云岩层具有快速沉积所形成的沉积结构和构造，碳同位素特征可与全球同期沉积的碳酸盐岩帽（Cap Carbonate)进行对比；特别是在白云岩中发现有机碳同位素低的沥青结核体，支持了冰期后碳酸盐岩快速沉积是由于海底固态CH4发生脱气作用，导致碳酸盐岩帽快速沉积的观点。     

Sedimentary and Geochemical Characteristics of Sinian Cap Carbonates in the Upper Yangtze Region

A global-scale glaciation occurred at about 600 Ma ago. As a result, the Earth became the “Snowball Earth“. The glaciation came to the end abruptly when atmospheric carbon dioxide increased to such an extent as to be about 350 times the modem level because of subaerial volcanic degassing. The rapid termination of glaciation would have led to warming of the Snowball Earth and extreme greenhouse conditions would have been created. The transfer of atmospheric carbon dioxide to oceans would give rise to the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate in warm surface seawaters, thus forming the cap carbonate rocks as observed worldwide today. Regionally persisting, thin layers of carbonate rocks directly and ubiquitously overlie Proterozoic glacial deposits almost on every continent, and are commonly referred to as cap carbonates. Their unusual litho- fabrics, stratigraphically abrupt basal and upper-level contacts and strongly negative carbonate isotopic signatures ( δ ^13Cearb. values range from -7.0‰ —0‰) suggest a chemical oceanographic origin, the details of which remain unknown. It is proposed that these enigmatic deposits are related to the destabilization of gaseous hydrate in terrestrial permafrost following rapid postglacial warming and flooding of widely exposed continental shelves and internal basins. The authors carried out studies on the geochemistry, sedimentology and palacontology of the Sinian cap carbonates in Guizhou and Hunan provinces, including the occurrence of cap carbonates of unusual fabrics, strongly negative carbon isotopic signatures, and a lot of bitumen nodules.From the results it is suggested that the cap carbonates were formed from solid methane seepage, and it is in agreement with Kennedy‘‘ s viewpoint (2001) that the cap carbonates resulted from the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate in response to solid methane seepage.     

贵州岩溶地区岩性与土地石漠化的 相关分析

在构筑1：50万贵州岩溶地区岩石组合类型分布图的基础上，以GIS为分析手段，对贵州省石漠化分布图和地层岩性图进行了空间分析，探讨了各类岩性与不同级别石漠化之间的相关关系。石漠化与岩性具有明显的相关性，强度石漠化主要分布在纯质碳酸盐岩地区，尤其是纯质灰岩地区；中度石漠化在白云岩组合中的比例较灰岩组合中高；轻度石漠化在碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩夹层和互层中分布较广；石漠化与纯碳酸盐岩相关关系最明显。     

高分辨率气候环境变化研究中的石笋微层

在全球变化研究领域，高分辨率重建 2000年来的气候环境变化是近期工作的主要内容之一。石笋微层由于其沉积界面完整，微层明显和组分构造有序，从而成为综合研究气候环境变化的理想载体。详细分析了石笋微层灰度和石笋微层厚度的成因、类型和影响因素，对石笋微层在高分辨率气候环境变化研究中的应用现状及目前所存在的问题作了简要介绍，并对该领域今后的发展方向提出了一些看法。